Professionalism as power: Tajiri Inajiro and the modernisation of Meiji finance

Institutional and Technological Change in Japan's Economy: Past and Present

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 27-42

  Ferber, Katalin ^a  

^a WASEDA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84898121159     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203028018     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Andrew E. Barshay, State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan: The Public Man in Crisis (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988).
2. Byron K. Marshall, Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University1868-1939 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992), p. 48.
3. Kenneth B. Pyle, The New Generation in Meiji Japan: The Problems of Cultural Identity (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1969), chs. 2, 7.
4. Andrew Cobbing, The Satsuma Students in Britain: Japan's Early Search for the Essence of the West' (Richmond, VA, Surrey: Curzon Press-Japan Library, 2000), pp. 110-11.
5. Uchiyama, Hiroshi, Tajiri Inajiró Nenpó (Tokyo: Senshú Daigaku Shi Shiryóshitsu, 1923), pp. 2-12.
6. Norio Tamaki, Yukichi Fukuzawa, 1835-1901: The Spirit of Enterprise in Modern Japan (London: Palgrave, 2001), p. 97.
7. Minoru, Ishizuki, Overseas Study by Japanese in the Early Meiji Period', in Ardath W. Burks (ed.), The Modernizers: Overseas Students, Foreign Employees and Meiji Japan (Boulder, CO and London: Westview Press, 1985), pp. 161-86.
8. Tsuruoka, Isaku, Kitanari Tajiri Sensei Den (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1933), p. 32.
9. Yale Centenary Quarter Record (1905), Senshü Daigaku Shi Shiryóshitsu.
10. Tsuruoka, Kitanari Tajiri Sensei Den, pp. 387-402. The full text of the proposal is printed in this volume.
11. Cobbing, Satsuma Students in Britain, p. 110.
12. Óuchi, Hyóe, 'Zaisei Gakusha toshite no Tajiri Inajiró', in Óuchi (ed.), Kyúshi Kyúyú (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1948), p. 68. The original reads 'sensei niyótte daihyó sareta gakumon wa dóshite mo kamerarisutikku narazaru o enakatta no de aru').
13. The science of 'state administration' has a rich literature. Comprehensive summaries of the history of cameralism can be found in Keith Tribe, Strategies of Economic Order: German Economic Discourse 1750-1950 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995);
14. David F. Lindenfeld, The Practical Imagination: The German Sciences of State in the Nineteenth Century (London: University of Chicago Press, 1997).
15. Charles Gide and Charles Rist, 'History of Economic Doctrines', in Roger E. Backhouse (ed.), Early Histories of Economic Thought 1824-1914, vol. VIII (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 83.
16. Katalin Ferber, ' "Run the State Like a Business": The Origin of the Deposit Fund in Meiji Japan', Japanese Studies, 22, 2, 2002, pp. 131-53.
17. Historical analysis of the pre-Meiji economic and financial experience from the post-Restoration perspective is rare. The outstanding example is John H. Sagers, Intellectual Roots of Japanese Capitalism: Economic Thought and Policy 1835-1885, unpublished PhD dissertation (University of Washington, 2001).
18. Two English-language monographs that deal with economic and financial administration in the pre-Meiji period are John Whitney Hall, Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955), especially ch. 4;
19. and Albert M. Craig, chóshu in the Meiji Restoration (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961).
20. Luke S. Roberts, Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain: The Merchant Origins of Economic Nationalism in Eighteenth Century Tosa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 24.
21. Hall, Tanuma Okitsugu, pp. 61-62.
22. Sagers, Intellectual Roots of Japanese Capitalism, ch. 2.
23. See Bernard S. Silberman, 'Bureaucratic Development and the Structure of Decisionmaking in Japan, 1868-1925', Journal of Asian Studies, 29, 2, February 1970, pp. 347-62, especially p. 354 concerning Western-educated bureaucratic appointees.
24. Tessa Morris-Suzuki, A History of Japanese Economic Thought (London: Routledge, 1990), pp. 13-14.
25. Sydney Crawcour, 'Kógyó Iken: Maeda Masana and His View on Meiji Economic Development', Journal of Japanese Studies, 23, 1, 1997, pp. 69-104.
26. Masakazu Iwata, Okubo Toshimichi: The Bismarck of Japan (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1964), p. 35.
27. Sydney DeVere Brown, 'Okubo Toshimichi and the First Home Ministry Bureaucracy 1873-1878', in Bernard S. Silberman and Harry D. Harootunian (eds), Modern Japanese Leadership: Transition and Change (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1966).
28. Thomas C. Smith, Political Change and Industrial Development in Japan: Government Enterprise, 1868-1880 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1955).
29. Uchiyama, Hiroshi, Tajiri Inajiro Nenpo (Tokyo: Senshu Daigaku Shi Shiryóshitsu, 2002), pp. 5-8.
30. http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/kerp, accessed Nov. 2003
31. The curriculum of Yale College can be found in George Wilson Pierson, Yale College: An Educational History, 1871-1921 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1955).
32. On Tajiri and Sumner, see Komine, Yasue, 'Nihon Saisho no Zaisei Gakusha Tajiri Inajiro', SenshU Daigaku Shi Shiryóshitsu, 6, 1976, pp. 106-10.
33. On Sumner's educational and academic activities, see Robert C.Bannister, 'Foreword', in Bannister (ed.), On Liberty, Society, and Politics: The Essential Essays of William Graham Sumner (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1992), pp. ix-xxxvi.
34. William G. Sumner, A History of American Currency (New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1874).
35. Bannister, 'Foreword', p. xxiv.
36. The book was to become one of the earliest manuals for financial bureaucrats in Japan. See Dan Warshaw, Paul Leroy-Beaulieu and Established Liberalism in France (DeKalb, IL: Illinois University Press, 1991), pp. 50-53. Mr Uchiyama Hiroshi, retired librarian and archivist, brought this monograph to my attention.
37. On Matsukata's visit to France, see Crawcour, 'Kógyó Iken'.
38. For the first encounter and subsequent friendship between Matsukata and Leroy-Beaulieu, see Komine, 'Nihon Saisho no Zaisei Gakusha Tajiri Inajiro'.
39. Warshaw, Paul Leroy-Beaulieu and Established Liberalism in France, chs 3-4.
40. Marc Flandreau, 'Crises and Punishment: Moral Hazard and the pre-1914 International Financial Architecture', in Flandreau (ed.), Money Doctors: The Experience of International Financial Advising, 1850-2000 (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 13-49, especially pp. 19-21.
41. http://www.econlib.org/library/Buchanan/buchcvc8.html, accessed Nov. 2003
42. William Roscher, Principles of Political Economy, vol. 2, (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1878).
43. For a recent full-length analysis of Roscher's concept of public economy, see Jeffrey E. Hanes, The City as Subject: Seki Hajime and the Reinvention of Modern Osaka (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002).
44. Roscher's work was part of Tajiri's curriculum at both Senshu and the Imperial University. See Komine, 'Nihon Saisho no Zaisei Gakusha Tajiri Inajiro', pp. 119-21.
45. See Marc Flandreau's excellent analysis of the deflationary crisis after the simultaneous stabilisation policy. Flandreau, 'Crisis and Punishment', pp. 23-24. In this context 'starving' means a drastic decline of high powered money and a serious decrease in prices.
46. Ueda, Toshio, Yagaku (Tokyo: Ningen no Kagakusha, 1998), pp. 9-16 (Senshu Daigaku Shi Shiryóshitsu).
47. Tamaki, Yukichi Fukuzawa, p. 163.
48. http://www.acc.senshu-u.ac.jp/koho/, accessed Nov. 2003
49. Sugiyama, 'Pioneer Economics Department', pp. 130-31.
50. Tokyo Daigaku Keizai Gakubu 50 nen shi (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1976), p. 294.
51. Robert M. Spaulding, Jr, Imperial Japan's Higher Civil Service Examinations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967), p. 101; Tokyo Daigaku Keizai Gakubu 50 nen shi, pp. 4-6.
52. Kenneth B. Pyle, 'Advantages of Followership: German Economics and Japanese Bureaucrats 1890-1915', Journal of Japanese Studies, 1, 1 (Autumn 1974).
53. Tsuruoka, Kitanari Tajiri Sensei Den, p. 30. The recommendation is reproduced in this volume.
54. Hugh T. Patrick, 'External Equilibrium and Internal Convertibility: Financial Policy in Meiji Japan', Journal of Economic History, 25, 2 (June 1965).
55. Andrew Fraser, 'The Expulsion of Okuma from the Government in 1881', Journal of Asian Studies, 26, 2 (February 1967).
56. Sagers, Intellectual Roots of Japanese Capitalism, ch. 6.
57. Nakamura, Takafusa (ed.), Matsukata Zaisei to Sangyó Kangyó Seisaku (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1983), especially chs 2, 5.
58. Crawcour, 'Kógyó Iken'.
59. Richard J. Smethurst, 'Takahashi Korekiyo's Economic Policies in the Great Depression and their Meiji Roots', in R.J. Smethurst and Masataka Matsuura, Politics and the Economy in Pre-war Japan (London: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines Discussion Paper, 2000).
60. Matsukata's final proposal was published in its entirety in Masayóshi Matsukata, Report on the Adoption of the Gold Standard in Japan (Tokyo: Government Press, 1899).
61. Tsuruoka, Kitanari Tajiri Sensei Den, pp. 387-403. This is the full text of Tajiri's proposal. According to Tsuruoka, the proposal was sent to Yoshida Kiyónari in Hartford, Connecticut.
62. Smethurst, 'Takahashi Korekiyo's Economic Policies in the Great Depression'.
63. Tajiri, Zaisei to Kin'yU (2 vols, 1st edn, Tokyo: Dobunka, 1901), vol. 2, p. 24.