An objectively determined blocking index and its Northern Hemisphere climatology

Journal of Climate

Volumn 27, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 2948-2970

  Small, David ^a   Atallah, Eyad ^a   Gyakum, John R ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY;

ANTICYCLONIC CIRCULATION; BLOCKING INDEX; EASTERN PACIFIC; INTRA-SEASONAL; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPATIAL SCALE;

CLIMATE MODELS;

ANTICYCLONE; ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING; CLIMATOLOGY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SEASONAL VARIATION;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 84898041354     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00374.1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Altenhoff, A. M., O. Martius, M. Croci-Maspoli, C. Schwierz, and H. C. Davies, 2008: Linkage of atmospheric blocks and synoptic-scale Rossby waves:Aclimatological analysis. Tellus, 60A, 1053-1063.
2. Archambault, H. M., L. F. Bosart, D. Keyser, and J. M. Cordeira, 2013: A climatological analysis of the extratropical flow response to recurving western North Pacific tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 2325-2346.
3. Austin, J. F., 1980: The blocking of middle latitude westerly winds by planetary waves. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 327-350.
4. Barnes, E. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 2010: Influence of eddy-driven jet latitude on North Atlantic jet persistence and blocking frequency in CMIP3 integrations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23802, doi:10.1029/2010GL045700.
5. Barriopedro, D., R. García-Herrera, A. R. Lupo, and E. Hernández, 2006: A climatology of Northern Hemisphere blocking. J. Climate, 19, 1042-1063.
6. Croci-Maspoli, M., C. Schwierz, and H. C. Davies, 2007: A multifaceted climatology of atmospheric blocking and its recent linear trend. J. Climate, 20, 633-649.
7. Diao, Y., J. Li, and D. Luo, 2006: A new blocking index and its application: Blocking action in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 19, 4819-4839.
8. Dole, R. M., 1986: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation: Structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 178-207.
9. Dole, R. M., and N. D. Gordon, 1983: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation: Geographical distribution and regional persistence characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1567-1586.
10. Dole, R. M., and Coauthors, 2011: Was there a basis for anticipating the 2010 Russian heat wave? Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06702, doi:10.1029/2010GL046582.
11. Dunn-Sigouin, E., S.-W. Son, and H. Lin, 2013: Evaluation of Northern Hemisphere blocking climatology in the global environment multiscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 707-727.
12. Galarneau, T. J., T. M. Hamill, R. M. Dole, and J. Perlwitz, 2012:A multiscale analysis of the extreme weather events over western Russia and northern Pakistan during July 2010. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 1639-1664.
13. Green, J., 1977: The weather during July 1976: Some dynamical considerations of the drought. Weather, 32, 120-126.
14. Harr, P. A., and J. M. Dea, 2009: Downstream development associated with the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1295-1319.
15. Hawkins, H. F., 1954: The weather and circulation of July 1954. Mon. Wea. Rev., 82, 209-217.
16. Hodyss, D., and E. Hendricks, 2010: The resonant excitation of baroclinic waves by the divergent circulation of recurving tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3600-3616.
17. Holland, J. Z., 1954: The weather and circulation of June 1954. Mon. Wea. Rev., 82, 163-171.
18. Hong, C.-C., H.-H. Hsu, N.-H. Lin, and H. Chiu, 2011: Roles of European blocking and tropical-extratropical interaction in the 2010 Pakistan flooding. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13806, doi:10.1029/2011GL047583.
19. Horel, J. D., 1985: Persistence of wintertime 500mb height anomalies over the central Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 2043-2048.
20. Houze, R. A., Jr., K. L. Rasmussen, S. Medina, S. R. Brodzik, and U. Romatschke, 2011: Anomalous atmospheric events leading to the summer 2010 floods in Pakistan. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 291-298.
21. Illari, L., 1984: A diagnostic study of the potential vorticity in a warm blocking anticyclone. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3518-3526.
22. Jones, S. C., and Coauthors, 2003: The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Forecast challenges, current understanding, and future directions. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 1052-1092.
23. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
24. Lejenäs, H., and H. økland, 1983: Characteristics of Northern Hemisphere blocking as determined from a long time series of observational data. Tellus, 35A, 350-362.
25. Lupo, A. R., and P. J. Smith, 1998: The interactions between a midlatitude blocking anticyclone and synoptic-scale cyclones that occurred during the summer season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 502-515.
26. Masato, G., B. J. Hoskins, and T. J. Woollings, 2012: Wavebreaking characteristics of midlatitude atmospheric blocking. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138, 1285-1296.
27. Matsueda, M., 2011: Predictability of Euro-Russian blocking in summer of 2010. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06801, doi:10.1029/ 2010GL046557.
28. Mullen, S. L., 1986: The local balance of vorticity and heat for blocking anticyclones in a spectral general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1406-1441.
29. Pelly, J. L., and B. J. Hoskins, 2003a: A new perspective on blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 743-755.
30. Dole, R. M., and B. J. Hoskins, 2003b: How well does the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System predict blocking?. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 1683-1702.
31. Pfahl, S., and H. Wernli, 2012: Quantifying the relevance of atmospheric blocking for co-located temperature extremes in the Northern Hemisphere on (sub-)daily time scales. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L12807, doi:10.1029/2012GL052261.
32. Rex, D. F., 1950a: Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate. I. An aerological study of blocking action. Tellus, 2, 196-211.
33. Rex, D. F., 1950b: Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate. II. The climatology of blocking action. Tellus, 2, 275-301.
34. Schwierz, C., M. Croci-Maspoli, and H. C. Davies, 2004: Perspicacious indicators of atmospheric blocking. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06125, doi:10.1029/2003GL019341.
35. Shukla, J., and K. C. Mo, 1983: Seasonal and geographical variation of blocking. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 388-402.
36. Tibaldi, S., and F. Molteni, 1990: On the operational predictability of blocking. Tellus, 42A, 343-365.
37. Tibaldi, S., E. Tosi, A. Navarra, and L. Pedulli, 1994: Northern and Southern Hemisphere seasonal variability of blocking frequency and predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1971-2003.
38. Tyrlis, E., and B. J. Hoskins, 2008a: Aspects of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking climatology. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1638-1652.
39. Tyrlis, E., and B. J. Hoskins, 2008b: The morphology of Northern Hemisphere blocking. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1653-1665.
40. Westcott, N. E., 2011: The prolonged 1954 midwestern U.S. heat wave: Impacts and responses. Wea. Climate Soc., 3, 165-176.
41. Winston, J. S., 1954: The weather and circulation of August 1954. Mon. Wea. Rev., 82, 228-236.
42. Woollings, T., B. Hoskins, M. Blackburn, and P. Berrisford, 2008: A new Rossby wave-breaking interpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 609-626.
43. Woollings, T., A. Hannachi, and B. J. Hoskins, 2010: Variability of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet stream. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 856-868.