메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 591-609

Are we all online content creators now? Web 2.0 and digital divides

Author keywords

Citizen journalism; Convergence culture; Creativity; Digital divide; Digital literacy; Participation divide; Produser; Prosumer; Self expression; Web 2.0; Wikipedia

Indexed keywords

CITIZEN JOURNALISM; CONVERGENCE CULTURE; CREATIVITY; DIGITAL DIVIDE; DIGITAL LITERACIES; PARTICIPATION DIVIDE; PRODUSER; PROSUMER; SELF EXPRESSION; WEB 2.0; WIKIPEDIA;

EID: 84898035533     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10836101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jcc4.12042     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (97)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 80054781837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration, Mountain View, California.
    • Antin, J., Yee, R., Cheshire, C., & Nov, O. (2011). Gender differences in Wikipedia editing. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration, Mountain View, California.
    • (2011) Gender differences in Wikipedia editing
    • Antin, J.1    Yee, R.2    Cheshire, C.3    Nov, O.4
  • 4
    • 84898041760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and information. Retrieved from
    • Bowman, S., & Willis, C. (2004). We media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and information. Retrieved from http://www.hypergene.net/wemedia/weblog.php
    • (2004)
    • Bowman, S.1    Willis, C.2
  • 6
    • 84898041722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on assessment criteria for media literacy levels. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from
    • Celot, P., & Perez Tornero, J. M. (2009). Study on assessment criteria for media literacy levels. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/culture/media/literacy/docs/studies/eavi_study_assess_crit_media_lit_levels_europe_finrep.pdf
    • (2009)
    • Celot, P.1    Perez Tornero, J.M.2
  • 7
    • 84898043070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNNIC. 26th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. Retrieved from
    • CNNIC. (2010, July). 26th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. Retrieved from http://www.isc.org.cn/english/Internet_Development_in_China/
    • (2010)
  • 8
    • 84898050042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNNIC. 29th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. Retrieved from
    • CNNIC. (2012, January). 29th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. Retrieved from http://www.apira.org/news.php?id=10
    • (2012)
  • 10
    • 61249696012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • English as a global language
    • Cambrid≥ New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
    • Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambrid≥ New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1997)
    • Crystal, D.1
  • 11
    • 77951184167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access controlled: The shaping of power, rights, and rule in cyberspace
    • MIT Press.
    • Deibert, R. J., Palfrey, J. G., Rohozinski, R., Zittrain, J., & Haraszti, M. (2010). Access controlled: The shaping of power, rights, and rule in cyberspace: MIT Press.
    • (2010)
    • Deibert, R.J.1    Palfrey, J.G.2    Rohozinski, R.3    Zittrain, J.4    Haraszti, M.5
  • 12
    • 47949131489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharing, privacy and trust in our networked world
    • Retrieved from
    • De Rosa, C., Cantrell, J., Havens, A., Hawk, J., & Jenkins, L. (2007). Sharing, privacy and trust in our networked world. Retrieved from http://www.oclc.org/reports/sharing/default.htm
    • (2007)
    • De Rosa, C.1    Cantrell, J.2    Havens, A.3    Hawk, J.4    Jenkins, L.5
  • 13
    • 84902901376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From unequal access to differentiated use: A literature review and agenda for research on digital inequality
    • In K. Neckerman (Ed.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Retrieved from
    • DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C., & Shafer, S. (2004). From unequal access to differentiated use: A literature review and agenda for research on digital inequality. In K. Neckerman (Ed.), Social inequality (pp. 355-400). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.eszter.com/research/c05-digitalinequality.html
    • (2004) Social inequality , pp. 355-400
    • DiMaggio, P.1    Hargittai, E.2    Celeste, C.3    Shafer, S.4
  • 14
    • 84860328461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Next generation users: the Internet in Britain
    • Retrieved from
    • Dutton, W. H., & Blank, G. (2011). Next generation users: the Internet in Britain. Retrieved from http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/microsites/oxis/
    • (2011)
    • Dutton, W.H.1    Blank, G.2
  • 15
    • 84898052629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jimmy Wales says Wikipedia too complicated for many
    • Retrieved from
    • Fildes, J. (2011, 14 January). Jimmy Wales says Wikipedia too complicated for many. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12171977
    • (2011)
    • Fildes, J.1
  • 17
    • 77951900011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor in informational capitalism and on the Internet
    • doi: 10.1080/01972241003712215
    • Fuchs, C. (2010). Labor in informational capitalism and on the Internet. The Information Society, 26(3), 179-196. doi: 10.1080/01972241003712215
    • (2010) The Information Society , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-196
    • Fuchs, C.1
  • 19
    • 80054699749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia survey: Overview of results
    • Retrieved from
    • Glott, R., Schmidt, P., & Ghosh, R. (2010). Wikipedia survey: Overview of results. Retrieved from http://www.wikipediastudy.org/
    • (2010)
    • Glott, R.1    Schmidt, P.2    Ghosh, R.3
  • 20
    • 84898051669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geography of Twitter
    • Retrieved September 17, 2012, from
    • Graham, M., & Stephens, M. (2012, June 19). A geography of Twitter. Retrieved September 17, 2012, from http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/vis/?id=4fe09570
    • (2012)
    • Graham, M.1    Stephens, M.2
  • 21
    • 79957813166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualizing global cyberscapes: Mapping user-generated placemarks
    • doi: 10.1080/10630732.2011.578412
    • Graham, M., & Zook, M. (2011). Visualizing global cyberscapes: Mapping user-generated placemarks. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(1), 115-132. doi: 10.1080/10630732.2011.578412
    • (2011) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-132
    • Graham, M.1    Zook, M.2
  • 22
    • 84887416194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The digital divide of OpenStreetMap
    • From
    • Haklay, M. (2009). The digital divide of OpenStreetMap. From http://povesham.wordpress.com/2009/12/28/the-digital-divide-of-openstreetmap/
    • (2009)
    • Haklay, M.1
  • 23
    • 37249048451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
    • Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 276-297. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
    • (2007) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 276-297
    • Hargittai, E.1
  • 24
    • 58149171618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on survey measures of web-oriented digital literacy
    • doi: 10.1177/0894439308318213
    • Hargittai, E. (2009). An update on survey measures of web-oriented digital literacy. Social Science Computer Review, 27(1), 130-137. doi: 10.1177/0894439308318213
    • (2009) Social Science Computer Review , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 130-137
    • Hargittai, E.1
  • 25
    • 79960922000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tweet smell of celebrity success: Explaining variation in Twitter adoption among a diverse group of young adults
    • doi: 10.1177/1461444811405805
    • Hargittai, E., & Litt, E. (2011). The tweet smell of celebrity success: Explaining variation in Twitter adoption among a diverse group of young adults. New Media & Society, 13(5), 824-842. doi: 10.1177/1461444811405805
    • (2011) New Media & Society , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 824-842
    • Hargittai, E.1    Litt, E.2
  • 26
    • 41149149693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age
    • doi: 10.1080/13691180801946150
    • Hargittai, E., & Walejko, G. (2008). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in the digital age. Information, Communication & Society, 11(2), 239-256. doi: 10.1080/13691180801946150
    • (2008) Information, Communication & Society , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-256
    • Hargittai, E.1    Walejko, G.2
  • 27
    • 84863763830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of a digital underclass: Digital policies in the UK and evidence for inclusion
    • Retrieved from
    • Helsper, E. J. (2011). The emergence of a digital underclass: Digital policies in the UK and evidence for inclusion. Retrieved from http://www2.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/pdf/MPP/LSEMPPBrief3.pdf
    • (2011)
    • Helsper, E.J.1
  • 28
    • 79958022876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the links between social and digital inclusion in Europe
    • In G. Cardoso, A. Cheong & J. Cole (Eds.), Taipa: University of Macau Press
    • Helsper, E. J., & Galacz, A. (2009). Understanding the links between social and digital inclusion in Europe. In G. Cardoso, A. Cheong & J. Cole (Eds.), The world wide Internet: Changing societies, economies and cultures (pp. 146-178). Taipa: University of Macau Press
    • (2009) The world wide Internet: Changing societies, economies and cultures , pp. 146-178
    • Helsper, E.J.1    Galacz, A.2
  • 29
    • 84883940734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, N.J.; Woodstock: Princeton University Press.
    • Hindman, M. S. (2008). The myth of digital democracy. Princeton, N.J.; Woodstock: Princeton University Press.
    • (2008) The myth of digital democracy
    • Hindman, M.S.1
  • 30
    • 0012187005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The broadband difference: How online Americans' behavior changes with high-speed Internet connections at home
    • Retrieved from
    • Horrigan, J. B., & Rainie, L. (2002). The broadband difference: How online Americans' behavior changes with high-speed Internet connections at home. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2002/The-Broadband-Difference-How-online-behavior-changes-with-highspeed-Internet-connections.aspx
    • (2002)
    • Horrigan, J.B.1    Rainie, L.2
  • 31
    • 0035511573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Days and nights on the Internet: The impact of a diffusing technology
    • doi: 10.1177/0002764201045003003
    • Howard, P. E. N., Rainie, L., & Jones, S. (2001). Days and nights on the Internet: The impact of a diffusing technology. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 383-404(322). doi: 10.1177/0002764201045003003
    • (2001) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-404
    • Howard, P.E.N.1    Rainie, L.2    Jones, S.3
  • 33
    • 84898037237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investintech. The world social networking ban race Retrieved 16 September 2012, from
    • Investintech. (2012, N.D.). The world social networking ban race Retrieved 16 September 2012, from http://www.investintech.com/articles/theworldsocialnetworkingbanrace/
    • (2012)
  • 34
    • 77954961432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the information society 2011
    • ITU, Retrieved from
    • ITU. (2011). Measuring the information society 2011. Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/
    • (2011)
  • 36
    • 85020616309 scopus 로고
    • Network externalities, competition, and compatibility
    • Retrieved from
    • Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1985). Network externalities, competition, and compatibility. The American Economic Review, 75(3), 424-440. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1814809
    • (1985) The American Economic Review , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 424-440
    • Katz, M.L.1    Shapiro, C.2
  • 37
    • 84928684970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techno-politics, new technologies, and the new public spheres
    • Retrieved November 8th, 2012, from
    • Kellner, D. (1998, 7 November). Techno-politics, new technologies, and the new public spheres. Retrieved November 8th, 2012, from http://www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/kell32.htm
    • (1998)
    • Kellner, D.1
  • 39
    • 34249816739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloggers: A portrait of the internet's new storytellers
    • Retrieved from
    • Lenhart, A., & Fox, S. (2006). Bloggers: A portrait of the internet's new storytellers. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/Bloggers.aspx
    • (2006)
    • Lenhart, A.1    Fox, S.2
  • 41
    • 33748316832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies of parental regulation in the media-rich home
    • doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.08.002
    • Livingstone, S. (2007). Strategies of parental regulation in the media-rich home. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3). doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.08.002
    • (2007) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.23 , Issue.3
    • Livingstone, S.1
  • 42
    • 78049430766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reputation management and social media
    • Retrieved from
    • Madden, M., & Smith, A. (2010). Reputation management and social media. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Reputation-Management.aspx
    • (2010)
    • Madden, M.1    Smith, A.2
  • 43
    • 84898023213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is Twitter? Most people still don't know, study finds
    • Retrieved from
    • Milian, M. (2009). What is Twitter? Most people still don't know, study finds. LA Times. Retrieved from http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/07/what-is-twitter.html
    • (2009) LA Times
    • Milian, M.1
  • 45
    • 0003450109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), Retrieved from
    • National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). (1998). Falling through the net II: New data on the digital divide. Retrieved from http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/net2/
    • (1998) Falling through the net II: New data on the digital divide
  • 46
    • 84898047588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years after the birth of the Internet, how do Americans use the Internet in their daily lives? Retrieved from
    • Nie, N. H., Simpser, A., Stepanikova, I., & Zheng, L. (2005). Ten years after the birth of the Internet, how do Americans use the Internet in their daily lives? Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/
    • (2005)
    • Nie, N.H.1    Simpser, A.2    Stepanikova, I.3    Zheng, L.4
  • 48
    • 84863732873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Adults' Media Literacy
    • Ofcom, Retrieved from
    • Ofcom. (2011). UK Adults' Media Literacy. Retrieved from http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/media-literacy/archive/medlitpub/medlitpubrss/adultmedialitreport11/
    • (2011)
  • 49
    • 70349468414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networking: A quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviours and use
    • Ofcom, Retrieved from
    • Ofcom. (2008). Social networking: A quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviours and use. Retrieved from http://www.ofcom.org.uk/advice/media_literacy/medlitpub/medlitpubrss/socialnetworking/
    • (2008)
  • 50
    • 84898027094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office for National Statistics. National Statistics Omnibus Survey July 2002.
    • Office for National Statistics. (2002). National Statistics Omnibus Survey July 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 51
    • 39349110441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again
    • Retrieved September 14, 2012, from
    • O'Reilly, T. (2006, December 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved September 14, 2012, from http://radar.oreilly.com/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
    • (2006)
    • O'Reilly, T.1
  • 52
    • 84898042342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OxIS. Database provided by the Oxford Internet Institute.
    • OxIS. (2009). Database provided by the Oxford Internet Institute.
    • (2009)
  • 53
    • 74049126815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia: A quantitative analysis
    • Ortega, F, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid. Retrieved from
    • Ortega, F. (2009). Wikipedia: A quantitative analysis. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid. Retrieved from http://libresoft.es/Members/jfelipe/phd-thesis
    • (2009)
  • 54
    • 84863725416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global digital communication: Texting, social networking popular worldwide
    • Pew Global Attitudes Project, Retrieved from
    • Pew Global Attitudes Project. (2011). Global digital communication: Texting, social networking popular worldwide. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/12/20/global-digital-communication-texting-social-networking-popular-worldwide/
    • (2011)
  • 55
    • 84898028978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloggers callback survey
    • Pew Internet & American Life Project, Retrieved from
    • Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2006a). Bloggers callback survey. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Shared-Content/Data-Sets/2006/Bloggers-Callback-Survey.aspx
    • (2006)
  • 56
    • 84898028733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital footprints
    • Pew Internet & American Life Project.
    • Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2006b). Digital footprints. http://pewinternet.org/Shared-Content/Data-Sets/2006/December-2006--Digital-Footprints.aspx
    • (2006)
  • 57
    • 84898045640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pew Internet & American Life Project. Reputation management. Retrieved from
    • Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2009). Reputation management. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Shared-Content/Data-Sets/2009/September-2009--Reputation-Management.aspx
    • (2009)
  • 58
    • 84898044498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photos and videos as social currency online. Retrieved from
    • Rainie, L., Brenner, J., & Purcell, K. (2012). Photos and videos as social currency online. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Online-Pictures.aspx
    • (2012)
    • Rainie, L.1    Brenner, J.2    Purcell, K.3
  • 59
    • 77950227850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production, consumption, prosumption: The nature of capitalism in the age of the digital 'prosumer.'
    • doi: 10.1177/1469540509354673
    • Ritzer, G., & Jurgenson, N. (2010). Production, consumption, prosumption: The nature of capitalism in the age of the digital 'prosumer.' Journal of Consumer Culture, 10(1), 13-36. doi: 10.1177/1469540509354673
    • (2010) Journal of Consumer Culture , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-36
    • Ritzer, G.1    Jurgenson, N.2
  • 60
    • 84898036264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for high-quality online content for low-income and underserved communities. Retrieved from
    • Roberts, K. (2003). The search for high-quality online content for low-income and underserved communities. Retrieved from http://www.contentbank.org/research/QualityContent.pdf
    • (2003)
    • Roberts, K.1
  • 61
    • 80051879205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dirty little secrets of search
    • Retrieved from
    • Segal, D. (2011, February 12). The dirty little secrets of search. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/business/13search.html
    • (2011) The New York Times
    • Segal, D.1
  • 62
    • 84898048770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter update 2011. Retrieved from
    • Smith, A. (2011). Twitter update 2011. Retrieved from http://pewresearch.org/pubs/2007/twitter-users-cell-phone-2011-demographics
    • (2011)
    • Smith, A.1
  • 63
    • 84898050829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet and civic engagement. Pew Internet & American Life Project, Pew Research Center, Washington, DC. Retrieved from
    • Smith, A., Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. (2009). The Internet and civic engagement. Pew Internet & American Life Project, Pew Research Center, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/15--The-Internet-and-Civic-Engagement.aspx
    • (2009)
    • Smith, A.1    Schlozman, K.L.2    Verba, S.3    Brady, H.4
  • 64
    • 84898025716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter helped to distort Egyptian protests. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from
    • Srinivasan, R. (2011, August 12th). Twitter helped to distort Egyptian protests. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http://www.npr.org/2011/08/12/139570720/twitter-created-echo-chamber-during-egyptian-protests
    • (2011)
    • Srinivasan, R.1
  • 65
    • 84898042221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sysomos. Inside Twitter: An in-depth look inside the Twitter world. Retrieved from
    • Sysomos. (2009). Inside Twitter: An in-depth look inside the Twitter world. Retrieved from http://www.sysomos.com/insidetwitter/
    • (2009)
  • 66
    • 35948964198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free labor: Producing culture for the digital economy
    • doi: 10.1215/01642472-18-2_63-33
    • Terranova, T. (2000). Free labor: Producing culture for the digital economy. Social Text, 18(2), 33-57. doi: 10.1215/01642472-18-2_63-33
    • (2000) Social Text , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 33-57
    • Terranova, T.1
  • 67
    • 2942610876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes
    • doi: 10.1016/S0306-4573(03)00063-3
    • Thelwall, M., & Vaughan, L. (2004). Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes. Information Processing & Management, 40(4), 693-707. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4573(03)00063-3
    • (2004) Information Processing & Management , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 693-707
    • Thelwall, M.1    Vaughan, L.2
  • 69
    • 84898033464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal McCann. Power to the people: Social media tracker wave 4. Retrieved from
    • Universal McCann. (2009). Power to the people: Social media tracker wave 4. Retrieved from http://universalmccann.bitecp.com/wave4/
    • (2009)
  • 70
    • 84898043487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Census Bureau. Educational attainment in the United States: 2011. Retrieved from
    • US Census Bureau. (2011). Educational attainment in the United States: 2011. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/cps/2011/tables.html
    • (2011)
  • 72
    • 70449506919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikinomics and its discontents: A critical analysis of Web 2.0 business manifestos
    • doi: 10.1177/1461444809105356
    • Van Dijck, J., & Nieborg, D. (2009). Wikinomics and its discontents: A critical analysis of Web 2.0 business manifestos. New Media & Society, 11(5), 855-874. doi: 10.1177/1461444809105356
    • (2009) New Media & Society , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 855-874
    • Van Dijck, J.1    Nieborg, D.2
  • 73
    • 84950253793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deepening divide: Inequality in the information society
    • Thousand Oaks, Calif. London: Sage
    • van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2005). The deepening divide: Inequality in the information society. Thousand Oaks, Calif. London: Sage
    • (2005)
    • van Dijk, J.A.G.M.1
  • 74
    • 34250028942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equal representation by search engines? A comparison of websites across countries and domains
    • doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00355.x
    • Vaughan, L., & Zhang, Y. (2007). Equal representation by search engines? A comparison of websites across countries and domains. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 888-909. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00355.x
    • (2007) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 888-909
    • Vaughan, L.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 75
    • 84898027537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UGC@thebbc: Understanding its impact upon contributors, non-contributors and BBC News. Retrieved from
    • Wardle, C., & Williams, A. (2008). UGC@thebbc: Understanding its impact upon contributors, non-contributors and BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/knowledgeexchange/cardiffone.pdf
    • (2008)
    • Wardle, C.1    Williams, A.2
  • 76
    • 0141779398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing the digital divide
    • Retrieved from
    • Warschauer, M. (2002). Reconceptualizing the digital divide. First Monday, 7(7). Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/967/888
    • (2002) First Monday , vol.7 , Issue.7
    • Warschauer, M.1
  • 78
    • 84898051539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wegov. Description of work. Retrieved September 16, 2012, from
    • Wegov. (2011). Description of work. Retrieved September 16, 2012, from http://www.wegov-project.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=1
    • (2011)
  • 79
    • 84898048104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikimedia Foundation. Wikimedia Report Card October 2011. Retrieved December 5th, 2011, from
    • Wikimedia Foundation. (2011, September). Wikimedia Report Card October 2011. Retrieved December 5th, 2011, from http://stats.wikimedia.org/reportcard/
    • (2011)
  • 80
    • 84898020107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia. Wikipedia:Systemic bias Retrieved November 8th, 2012 from
    • Wikipedia. (2012, Oct 7). Wikipedia:Systemic bias Retrieved November 8th, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Systemic_bias
    • (2012)
  • 81
    • 84898031118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Participative web: User-created content. Retrieved from
    • Wunsch-Vincent, S., & Vickery, G. (2007). Participative web: User-created content. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/document/40/0, 3746, en_2649_34223_39428648_1_1_1_1, 00.html
    • (2007)
    • Wunsch-Vincent, S.1    Vickery, G.2
  • 82
    • 33751510464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding information inequality: Making sense of the literature of the information and digital divides
    • doi: 10.1177/0961000606070600
    • Yu, L. (2006). Understanding information inequality: Making sense of the literature of the information and digital divides. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 38(4), 229-252. doi: 10.1177/0961000606070600
    • (2006) Journal of Librarianship and Information Science , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 229-252
    • Yu, L.1
  • 83
    • 84862534027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivations and usage patterns of Weibo
    • doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0615
    • Zhang, L., & Pentina, I. (2012). Motivations and usage patterns of Weibo. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), 312-317. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0615
    • (2012) Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 312-317
    • Zhang, L.1    Pentina, I.2
  • 84
    • 84898043300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital differences. Retrieved from
    • Zickhur, K., & Smith, A. (2012). Digital differences. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Digital-differences/Overview.aspx
    • (2012)
    • Zickhur, K.1    Smith, A.2
  • 85
    • 64549108592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital distinction: Status-specific types of Internet usage
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00617.x
    • Zillien, N., & Hargittai, E. (2009). Digital distinction: Status-specific types of Internet usage. Social Science Quarterly, 90(2), 274-291. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00617.x
    • (2009) Social Science Quarterly , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-291
    • Zillien, N.1    Hargittai, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.