Synthesis and characterization of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin chars doped by zinc oxide

Applied Surface Science

Volumn 303, Issue , 2014, Pages 263-271

  Gun'Ko, Vladimir M ^a   Bogatyrov, Viktor M ^a   Oranska, Olena I ^a   Urubkov, Iliya V ^b   Leboda, Roman ^c   Charmas, Barbara ^c   Skubiszewska Ziȩba, Jadwiga ^c  

^a INSTITUTE OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY   (Ukraine)

^b INSTITUTE OF METAL PHYSICS   (Ukraine)

^c MARIA CURIE SK ODOWSKA UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

Author keywords

Char; Composite structure; Particle morphology; Resorcinol formaldehyde resin; Texture; Zinc acetate

Indexed keywords

CARBONIZATION; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; FORMALDEHYDE; GAS ADSORPTION; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; MIXTURES; NANORODS; PHENOLS; POLYCONDENSATION; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SYNTHETIC RESINS; TEMPERATURE; TEXTURES; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION; ZINC OXIDE;

CHAR; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; LOW-TEMPERATURE NITROGEN; PARTICLE MORPHOLOGIES; RESORCINOL FORMALDEHYDE RESIN; RESORCINOL FORMALDEHYDES; SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS; ZINC ACETATE;

HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

EID: 84897970145     PISSN: 01694332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.164     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. A. Bachmann, K. M oller, Phenoplaste, VEB Deutscher Verlag for Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1973.
2. R.W. Pekala Organic aerogels from the polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde J. Mater. Sci. 24 1989 3221 3227 (Pubitemid 20600977)
3. R.W. Pekala, and D.W. Schaefer Structure of organic aerogels. 1. Morphology and scaling Macromolecules 26 1993 5487 5493
4. S.A. Al-Muhtaseb, and J.A. Ritter Preparation and properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels Adv. Mater. 15 2003 101 114
5. A.M. ElKhatat, and S.A. Al-Muhtaseb Advances in tailoring resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels Adv. Mater. 23 2011 2887 2903
6. T. Horikawa, J. Hayashi, and K. Muroyama Size control and characterization of spherical carbon aerogel particles from resorcinol- formaldehyde resin Carbon 42 2004 169 175
7. T. Horikawa, Y. Ono, J. Hayashi, and K. Muroyama Influence of surface-active agents on pore characteristics of the generated spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde based carbon aerogels Carbon 42 2004 2683 2689
8. A. Léonard, N. Job, S. Blacher, J.-P. Pirard, M. Crine, and W. Jomaa Suitability of convective air drying for the production of porous resorcinol-formaldehyde and carbon xerogels Carbon 43 2005 1808 1811 (Pubitemid 40744142)
9. L. Zhang, H. Liu, M. Wang, and L. Chen Structure and electrochemical properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer-based carbon for electric double-layer capacitors Carbon 45 2007 1439 1445 (Pubitemid 46829027)
10. J. Xu, A. Wang, and T. Zhang A two-step synthesis of ordered mesoporous resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer and carbon Carbon 50 2012 1807 1816
11. A.H. Moreno, A. Arenillas, E.G. Calvo, J.M. Bermúdez, and J.A. Menéndez Carbonisation of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic xerogels: effect of temperature, particle size and heating rate on the porosity of carbon xerogels J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolys. 100 2013 111 116
12. A. Szczurek, G. Amaral-Labat, V. Fierro, A. Pizzi, E. Masson, and A. Celzard Porosity of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon aerogels exchanged and dried with supercritical organic solvents Mater. Chem. Phys. 129 2011 1221 1232
13. S. Tanaka, T. Yasuda, Y. Katayama, and Y. Miyake Pervaporation dehydration performance of microporous carbon membranes prepared from resorcinol/formaldehyde polymer J. Membr. Sci. 379 2011 52 59
14. V.M. Gun'ko, V.M. Bogatyrov, V.V. Turov, R. Leboda, J. Skubiszewska-Ziȩba, and I.V. Urubkov Structural features of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin chars and interfacial behavior of water co-adsorbed with low-molecular weight organics Appl. Surf. Sci. 283 2013 683 693
15. N. Job, R. Pirard, J. Marien, and J.-P. Pirard Synthesis of transition metal-doped carbon xerogels by solubilization of metal salts in resorcinol-formaldehyde aqueous solution Carbon 42 2004 3217 3227
16. Y.J. Lee, J.C. Jung, S. Park, J.G. Seo, S.-H. Baeck, J.R. Yoon, J. Yi, and I.K. Song Preparation and characterization of metal-doped carbon aerogel for supercapacitor Curr. Appl. Phys. 10 2010 947 951
17. S.-W. Hwang, and S.-H. Hyun Synthesis and characterization of tin oxide/carbon aerogel composite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors J. Power Sources 172 2007 451 459 (Pubitemid 47418540)
18. F. Lufrano, P. Staiti, E.G. Calvo, E.J. Juárez-Pérez, J.A. Menéndez, and A. Arenillas Carbon xerogel and manganese oxide capacitive materials for advanced supercapacitors Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6 2011 596 612
19. P. Lavela, F. Nacimiento, G.F. Ortiz, and J.L. Tirado Sn-Co-C composites obtained from resorcinol-formaldehyde gel as anodes in lithium-ion batteries J. Solid State Electrochem. 14 2009 139 148
20. F.J. Maldonado-Hódar, M.A. Ferro-GarcIÍa, J. Rivera-Utrilla, and C. Moreno-Castilla Synthesis and textural characteristics of organic aerogels, transition-metal-containing organic aerogels and their carbonized derivatives Carbon 37 1999 1199 1205
21. D.A. Fraser, R.W. Hall, and A.L.J. Raum Preparation of 'high-ortho' novolak resins 1. Metal ion catalysis and orientation effect J. Appl. Chem. 7 1957 676 689
22. V.M. Gun'ko, R. Leboda, J. Skubiszewska-Ziȩba, V.V. Turov, and P. Kowalczyk Structure of Silica gel Si-60 and pyrocarbon/silica gel adsorbents thermally and hydrothermally treated Langmuir 17 2001 3148 3161 (Pubitemid 35330421)
23. I.F. Mironyuk, V.M. Gun'ko, V.V. Turov, V.I. Zarko, R. Leboda, and J. Skubiszewska-Ziȩba Characterization of fumed silicas and their interaction with water and dissolved proteins Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 180 2001 87 101 (Pubitemid 32037084)
24. V.M. Gun'ko, J. Skubiszewska-Ziȩba, R. Leboda, K.N. Khomenko, O.A. Kazakova, M.O. Povazhnyak, and I.F. Mironyuk Influence of morphology and composition of fumed oxides on changes in their structural and adsorptive characteristics on hydrothermal treatment at different temperatures J. Colloid Interface Sci. 269 2004 403 424 (Pubitemid 37491169)
25. 2 prepared from natural bischofite Appl. Surf. Sci. 252 2006 4071 4082
26. V.M. Gun'ko, R. Leboda, and J. Skubiszewska-Ziȩba Heating effects on morphological and textural characteristics of individual and composite nanooxides Adsorption 15 2009 89 98
27. V.M. Gun'ko Consideration of the multicomponent nature of adsorbents during analysis of their structural and energy parameters Theoret. Exp. Chem. 36 2000 319 324
28. V.M. Gun'ko, V.V. Turov, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Interfacial Phenomena, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2013.
29. JCPDS Database, International Center for Diffraction Data, PA, 2001.
30. C. Hung, and W. Whang A novel low-temperature growth and characterization of single crystal ZnO nanorods Mater. Chem. Phys. 82 2003 705 710
31. X. Liang, B. Liu, and N. Chen Growth and photoluminescence properties of tetrapod-shaped ZnO microcrystals-whiskers and microrods J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 25 2009 427 432
32. Y.H. Yang, B. Wang, and G.W. Yang Mechanisms of self-catalyst growth of agave-like zinc oxide nanostructures on amorphous carbons Cryst. Growth Des. 7 2007 1242 1245
33. V.M. Gun'ko, and S.V. Mikhalovsky Evaluation of slitlike porosity of carbon adsorbents Carbon 42 2004 843 849
34. S.R. Tennison, O.P. Kozynchenko, V.V. Strelko, A J. Blackburn, Porous carbons, US Patent 2004, 024, 074A1.
35. V.M. Gun'ko, V.V. Turov, O.P. Kozynchenko, V.G. Nikolaev, S.R. Tennison, S.T. Meikle, E.A. Snezhkova, A.S. Sidorenko, F. Ehrburger-Dolle, I. Morfin, D.O. Klymchuk, and S.V. Mikhalovsky Activation and structural and adsorption features of activated carbons with highly developed micro-, meso- and macroporosity Adsorption 17 2011 453 460
36. V.M. Gun'ko, S.T. Meikle, O.P. Kozynchenko, S.R. Tennison, F. Ehrburger-Dolle, I. Morfin, and S.V. Mikhalovsky Comparative characterization of carbon and polymer adsorbents by SAXS and nitrogen adsorption methods J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 10727 10735
37. M. Melillo, V.M. Gun'ko, L.I. Mikhalovska, G.J. Phillips, J.G. Davies, A.W. Lloyd, S.R. Tennison, O.P. Kozynchenko, D.J. Malik, M. Streat, and S.V. Mikhalovsky Ibuprofen adsorption affected by bovine serum albumin Langmuir 20 7 2004 2837 2851
38. C. Sheng Char structure characterised by Raman spectroscopy and its correlations with combustion reactivity Fuel 86 2007 2316 2324 (Pubitemid 47369316)
39. X. Li, J. Hayashi, and C. Li FT-Raman spectroscopic study of the evolution of char structure during the pyrolysis of a Victorian brown coal Fuel 85 2006 1700 1707
40. J. McDonald-Wharry, M. Manley-Harris, and K. Pickering Carbonisation of biomass-derived chars and the thermal reduction of a graphene oxide sample studied using Raman spectroscopy Carbon 59 2013 383 405
41. A. Guedes, B. Valentim, A.C. Prieto, and F. Noronha Raman spectroscopy of coal macerals and fluidized bed char morphotypes Fuel 97 2012 443 449
42. P. Mbuyisa, S.P. Bhardwaj, F. Rigoni, E. Carlino, S. Pagliara, L. Sangaletti, A. Goldoni, M. Ndwandwe, and C. Cepek Controlled synthesis of carbon nanostructures using aligned ZnO nanorods as templates Carbon 50 2012 5472 5480
43. 2 -catalyzed furfuryl alcohol polymers J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 196 2008 143 153
44. D.K. Mishra, J. Mohapatra, M.K. Sharma, R. Chattarjee, S.K. Singh, S. Varma, S.N. Behera, S.K. Nayak, and P. Entel Carbon doped ZnO: synthesis, characterization and interpretation J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 329 2013 146 152
45. U. Suryavanshi, T. Iijima, A. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, and M. Tanemura Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles confined in the channels of mesoporous carbon Chem. Eng. J. 179 2012 388 393
46. S.J. Chen, Y.C. Liu, Y.M. Lu, J.Y. Zhang, D.Z. Shen, and X.W. Fan Photoluminescence and Raman behaviors of ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies J. Cryst. Growth 289 2006 55 58 (Pubitemid 43277781)
47. A. Marzouki, A. Lusson, F. Jomard, A. Sayari, P. Galtier, M. Oueslati, and V. Sallet SIMS and Raman characterizations of ZnO:N thin films grown by MOCVD J. Cryst. Growth 312 2010 3063 3068
48. T.-H. Ko, W.-S. Kuo, and Y.-H. Chang Raman study of the microstructure changes of phenolic resin during pyrolysis Polym. Compos. 21 2000 745 750
49. G.A. Zickler, B. Smarsly, N. Gierlinger, H. Peterlik, and O. Paris A reconsideration of the relationship between the crystallite size L-a of carbons determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy Carbon 44 2006 3239 3246 (Pubitemid 44634408)
50. A. Manivannan, M. Chirila, N.C. Giles, and M.S. Seehra Microstructure, dangling bonds and impurities in activated carbons Carbon 37 1999 1741 1747 (Pubitemid 30538422)
51. B.M. Vogelaar, A.D. van Langeveld, S. Eijsbouts, and J.A. Moulijn Fuel 86 2007 1122 1129
52. A. Wesełucha-Birczyńska, K. Babeł, and K. Jurewicz Carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage investigated by 2D Raman correlation spectroscopy Vib. Spectrosc. 60 2012 206 211
53. C. Pardanaud, C. Martin, P. Roubin, G. Giacometti, C. Hopf, T. Schwarz-Selinger, and W. Jacob Raman spectroscopy investigation of the H content of heated hard amorphous carbon layers Diamond Relat. Mater. 34 2013 100 104
54. N. Shimodaira, and A. Masui Raman spectroscopic investigations of activated carbon materials J. Appl. Phys. 92 2002 902 909
55. B. Dippel, H. Jander, and J. Heintzenberg NIR FT Raman spectroscopic study of flame soot Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 1999 4707 4712
56. Y. Wang, W. Ruan, J. Zhang, B. Yang, W. Xu, B. Zhao, and J.R. Lombard Direct observation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering in ZnO nanocrystals J. Raman Spectrosc. 40 2009 1072 1077
57. A.I. Gavrilov, A.N. Baranov, B.R. Churagulov, and B.P. Mikhaylov Preparation of arrays of oriented nanorods of zinc oxide on substates with metallic zinc doped by aluminum and stibium by hydrothermal method, Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry Mathematics 3 2012 90 99
58. X. Xu, and X.W. Sun Characteristics and growth mechanism of ZnO whiskers fabricated by vapor phase transport Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 2003 4949 4952
59. L.L. Kerr, X. Li, M. Canepa, and A.J. Sommer Raman analysis of nitrogen doped ZnO Thin Solid Films 515 2007 5282 5286 (Pubitemid 46507539)