Honey bee sting pain index by body location

PeerJ

Volumn 2014, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Smith, Michael L ^a  

^a Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Apis mellifera; Body location; Honey bee; Pain index; Schmidt sting pain index

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY REGIONS; EVALUATION STUDY; HONEY BEE STING PAIN INDEX; HONEYBEE; HUMAN; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; NOCICEPTION; NOSE CARTILAGE; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PAIN PARAMETERS; PENIS; SCHMIDT STING PAIN INDEX; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; UPPER LIP;

EID: 84897943263     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21678359     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.338     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Berenbaum M. 2003. A stinging commentary. American Entomologist 49(2):68-69.
2. Berkley K. 1997. Sex differences in pain. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20:371-380.
3. Breed MD, Guzmán-Novoa E, Hunt GJ. 2004. Defensive behavior of honey bees: organization, genetics, and comparisons with other bees. Annual Review of Entomology 49:271-298
4. Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. 2011. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain 152(10):2399-2404
5. Fischer A. 1986. Pressure tolerance over muscles and bones in normal subjects. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 67:406-409.
6. Fischer A. 1987. Pressure algometry over normal muscles. Standard values, validity and reproducibility of pressure threshold. Pain 30(1):115-126
7. Hämäläinen M, Hari R, Ilmoniemi R. 1993. Magnetoencephalography-theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working human brain. Reviews of Modern Physics 65(2):413-497
8. Light WC, Reisman RE,Wypych JI, Arbesman CE. 1975. Clinical and immunological studies of beekeepers. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 5(4):389-395
9. Moore A, Breed M,Moor M. 1987. The guard honey bee: ontogeny and behavioural variability of workers performing a specialized task. Animal Behavior 35(4):1159-1167
10. Nakamura A, Yamada T, Goto A, Kato T, Ito K, Abe Y, Kachi T, Kakigi R. 1998. Somatosensory homunculus as drawn by MEG. NeuroImage 7(4 PART 1):377-386
11. R Core Team. 2012. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria.
12. Schmidt J. 1986. Chemistry, pharmacology, and chemical ecology of ant venoms. In: Venoms of the Hymenoptera. London: Academic Press, 425-508.
13. Schmidt J. 1990. Hymenopteran venoms: striving toward the ultimate defense against vertebrates. In: Insect defenses: adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators. Albany: State University of New York Press, 387-419.
14. Schmidt J, Blum M, Overal W. 1984. Hemolytic activities of stinging insect venoms. Archives of Insect Biochemistry (1):155-160.
15. Schmidt sting pain index. 2013. Wikipedia. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt sting pain index (accessed 25 January 2013).
16. Seeley T. 1985. Honeybee ecology: a study of adaptation in social life. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
17. Topazian R. 1957. Pain thresholds and factors which modify them. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 10(11):1192-1203
18. Visscher PK, Vetter RS, Camazine S. 1996. Removing bee stings. Lancet 348(9023):301-302
19. Williamson A, Hoggart B. 2005. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. Journal of Clinical Nursing 14(7):798-804
20. Ya-Xian Z, Suetake T, Tagami H. 1999. Number of cell layers of the stratum corneum in normal skin-relationship to the anatomical location on the body, age, sex and physical parameters. Archives of Dermatological Research 291(10):555-559