Empirical evidence of local seismic effects at sites with pronounced topography: A systematic approach

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 197, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 608-619

  Burjánek, Jan ^a   Edwards, Benjamin ^a   Fäh, Donat ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Earthquake ground motions; Fourier analysis; Site effects; Time series analysis; Wave propagation; Wavelet transform

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTIONS; EARTHQUAKE RECORDING; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION MODELS; POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SITE EFFECTS; SUBSURFACE PROPERTIES; TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION;

AMPLIFICATION; FOURIER ANALYSIS; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; POLARIZATION; WAVE PROPAGATION; WAVELET TRANSFORMS;

EARTHQUAKES;

AZIMUTH; EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM; GROUND MOTION; NUMERICAL MODEL; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC SOURCE; SEISMICITY; SITE EFFECT; TOPOGRAPHY; WAVE PROPAGATION; WAVELET ANALYSIS;

EID: 84897858478     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggu014     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Anderson, J.G. & Hough, S.E., 1984. A model for the shape of the Fourier amplitude spectrum of acceleration at high-frequencies, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 74, 1969-1993.
2. Assimaki, D., Gazetas, G.&Kausel, E., 2005. Effects of local soil conditions on the topographic aggravation of seismic motion: parametric investigation and recorded field evidence from the 1999 Athens earthquake, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 95, 1059-1089.
3. Bonamassa, O. & Vidale, J.E., 1991. Directional site resonances observed from aftershocks of the 18th October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 81, 1945-1957.
4. Boore, D.M., 1972. A note on the effect of simple topography on seismic SH waves, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 62, 275-284.
5. Bouchon, M. & Barker, J.S., 1996. Seismic response of a hill: the example of Tarzana, California, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 86, 66-72.
6. Bouchon, M., Schultz, C. & Toksoz, M., 1996. Effect of three-dimensional topography on seismic motion, J. geophys. Res., 101, 5835-5846. Brune, J.N., 1970. Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes, J. geophys. Res., 75, 4997-5010.
7. Brune, J.N., 1970. Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes, J. geophys. Res., 75, 4997-5010.
8. Burjánek, J., Gassner-Stamm, G., Poggi, V., Moore, J.R. & Fäh, D., 2010. Ambient vibration analysis of an unstable mountain slope, Geophys. J. Int., 180, 820-828.
9. Burjánek, J., Moore, J.R., Gassner-Stamm, G. & Fäh, D., 2011. Seismic response of unstable mountain rock slopes: topographic site effect? in Proceedings of the 4th IASPEI/IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, In CD, University of California Santa Barbara, CA.
10. Burjánek, J., Moore, J.R., Yugsi-Molina, F.X. & Fäh, D., 2012. Instrumental evidence of normal mode rock slope vibration, Geophys. J. Int., 188, 559-569.
11. Davis, L.L. & West, R., 1973. Observed effects of topography on ground motion, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 63, 283-298.
12. Del Gaudio, V. & Wasowski, J., 2007. Directivity of slope dynamic response to seismic shaking, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12301, doi:10.1029/2007GL029842.
13. Edwards, B., Michel, C., Poggi, V. & Fäh, D., 2013. Determination of site amplification from regional seismicity: application to the Swiss National Seismic Networks, Seismol. Res. Lett., 84, 611-621.
14. Fäh, D. et al., 2009. Determination of site information for seismic stations in Switzerland, Swiss Seismological Service Technical Report: SED/PRP/R/004/20090831, for the Swissnuclear Pegasos Refinement Project.
15. Gallipoli, M.R., Bianca, M., Mucciarelli, M., Parolai, S.&Picozzi, M., 2013. Topographic versus stratigraphic amplification: mismatch between code provisions and observations during the L'Aquila (Italy 2009) sequence, Bull. Earthq. Eng., 11, 1325-1336.
16. Gazetas, G., Kallou, P.V. & Psarropoulos, P.N., 2002. Topography and soil effects in theM-S 5.9 Parnitha (Athens) Earthquake: The case of Adames, Natural Hazards., 27, 133-169.
17. Glinsky, N. & Bertrand, E., 2011. Numerical study of topographical site effects by a discontinuous finite element method, in Proccedings of the 4th IASPEI/IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, In CD, University of California Santa Barbara, CA.
18. Graizer, V., 2009. Low-velocity zone and topography as a source of site amplification effect on Tarzana hill, California, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29, 324-332.
19. Hough, S.E. et al., 2010. Localized damage caused by topographic amplification during the 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake, Nature Geosci., 3, 778-782.
20. Komatitsch, D. & Vilotte, J.P., 1998. The spectral-element method: an efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D geological structures, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 88, 368-392.
21. Lee, S.J., Chan, Y.C., Komatitsch, D., Huang, B.S. & Tromp, J., 2009. Effects of realistic surface topography on seismic ground motion in the Yangminshan region of Taiwan based on the spectral-element method and LiDAR DTM, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 99, 681-693.
22. Lovati, S., Bakavoli, M.K.H., Massa, M., Ferretti, G., Pacor, F., Paolucci, R., Haghshenas, E. & Kamalian, M., 2011. Estimation of topographical effects at Narni ridge (Central Italy): comparisons between experimental results and numerical modeling, Bull. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1987-2005.
23. Marano, K.D., Wald, D.J. & Allen, T.I., 2010. Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: a quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses, Nat. Hazards., 52, 319-328.
24. Massa, M., Lovati, S., D'Alema, E., Ferretti, G. & Bakavoli, M., 2010. An experimental approach for estimating seismic amplification effects at the top of a ridge, and the implication for ground-motion predictions: the case of Narni (central Italy), Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 100, 3020-3034.
25. Maufroy, E., Cruz-Atienza, V.M. & Gaffet, S., 2012. A robust method for assessing 3-D topographic site effects: a case study at the LSBB Underground Laboratory, France, Earthq. Spectra., 28, 1097-1115.
26. McCrink, T.P., Willis, C.J., Real, C.R. & Manson, M.W., 2010. Effects of topographic position and geology on shaking damage to residential woodframed structures during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake, Western San Luis Obispo County, California, Earthq. Spectra., 26, 779-802.
27. Moczo, P., Bystricky, E., Kristek, J., Carcione, J.M. & Bouchon, M., 1997. Hybrid modelling of P-SV seismic motion at inhomogeneous viscoelastic topographic structures, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 87, 1305-1323.
28. Moore, J.R., Gischig, V., Burjánek, J., Loew, S. & Fäh, D., 2011. Site effects in unstable rock slopes: dynamic behavior of the Randa instability (Switzerland), Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 101, 3110-3116.
29. Panzera, F., Lombardo, G. & Rigano, R., 2011. Evidence of topographic effects through the analysis of ambient noise measurements, Seismol. Res. Lett., 82, 413-419.
30. Paolucci, R., 2002. Amplification of earthquake ground motion by steep topographic irregularities, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31, 1831-1853.
31. Paolucci, R., Faccioli, E. & Maggio, F., 1999. 3D response analysis of an instrumented hill at Matsuzaki, Japan, by a spectral method, J. Seism., 3, 191-209.
32. Pischiutta, M., Cultrera, G., Caserta, A., Luzi, L. & Rovelli, A., 2010. Topographic effects on the hill of Nocera Umbra, central Italy, Geophys. J. Int., 182, 977-987.
33. Pischiutta, M., Rovelli, A., Vannoli, P. & Calderoni, G., 2011. Recurrence of horizontal amplification at rock sites: a test using H/V based ground motion prediction equations, in Proceedings of the 4th IASPEI/IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, In CD, University of California Santa Barbara, CA.
34. Poggi, V., Edwards, B.&Fäh, D., 2011. Derivation of a reference shear-wave velocity model from empirical site amplification, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 101, 258-274.
35. Poggi, V., Edwards, B. & Fäh, D., 2013. Reference S-wave velocity profile and attenuation models for ground-motion prediction equations: application to Japan, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 103, 2645-2656.
36. Roten, D., Cornou, C., Fäh, D. & Giardini, D., 2006. 2D resonances in Alpine valleys identified from ambient vibration wavefields, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 889-905.
37. Sepúlveda, S.A., Murphy, W., Jibson, R.W.&Petley, D.N., 2005. Seismically induced rock slope failures resulting from topographic amplification of strong ground motions: the case of Pacoima Canyon, California, Eng. Geol., 80, 336-348.
38. Shakal, A., Huang, M. & Cat, T., 1988. The Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of October 1, 1987: CSMIP strong motion data, Earthq. Spectra., 4, 75-100.
39. Spudich, P., Hellweg, M. & Lee, W.H.K., 1996. Directional topographic site response at Tarzana observed in aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: implications for mainshock motions, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 86, S193-S208.
40. Tucker, B.E., King, J.L., Hatzfeld, D. & Nersesov, I.L., 1984. Observations of hard rock site effects, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 74, 121-136.
41. Turcotte, D.L., 1997. Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics, 2nd edn, Cambridge Univ. Press.
42. Vidale, J.E., 1986. Complex polarisation analysis of particle motion, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 76, 1393-1405.
43. Weiss, A., 2001. Topographic position and landforms analysis, Poster presentation, in Proceedings of ESRI User Conference, SanDiego, CA. Available at: http://www.jennessent.com/downloads/tpi-poster-tnc_1822.pdf, last accessed 11 June 2013.