Iron Age agriculture, fishing and trade in the Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania: New evidence from Ukunju Cave

Azania

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 21-44

  Crowther, Alison ^a   Horton, Mark ^b   Kotarba Morley, Anna ^a   Prendergast, Mary ^c   Quintana Morales, Eréndira ^d   Wood, Marilee ^e   Shipton, Ceri ^f   Fuller, Dorian Q ^g   Tibesasa, Ruth ^h   Mills, William ^a   Boivin, Nicole ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d RICE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^f UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^g UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^h KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

Author keywords

African crops; Indian Ocean trade; Middle Iron Age; Stone tools; Tana Tradition Triangular Incised Ware pottery; Tanzania

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897817467     PISSN: 0067270X     EISSN: 19455534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2013.878104     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Ambrose, S.H. 2002. "Small things remembered: origins of early microlithic industries in sub-Saharan Africa." Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 12: 9-29.
2. Boivin, N., A. Crowther, R. Helm and D.Q. Fuller. 2013. "East Africa and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean World." Journal of World Prehistory 26: 213-281. doi:10.1007/s10963-013-9067-4.
3. Breen, C. and Lane, P.J. 2004. "Archaeological approaches to East Africa's changing seascapes." World Archaeology 35: 469-489. doi:10.1080/0043824042000185838.
4. Casson, L. 1989. The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5. Chami, F. 1994. The Tanzanian coast in the first millennium AD: An archaeology of the Ironworking, Farming Communities. Studies in African Archaeology 7. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.
6. Chami, F.A. 1999. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania 34: 1-10. doi:10.1080/ 00672709909511468.
7. Chami, F.A. 2000. "Further archaeological research on Mafia island." Azania 35: 208-214. doi:10.1080/00672700009511605.
8. Chami, F.A. 2001. "Chicken bones from a Neolithic limestone cave site, Zanzibar: contact between East Africa and Asia." In People, Contacts, and the Environment in the African Past, edited by F. A. Chami, G. Pwiti and C. Radimilahy, 84-97. Dar es Salaam: University of Dar es Salaam.
9. Chami, F.A. 2003. "Climate change on the coast of East Africa since 3000 BC: archaeological indicators." In Climate Change, Trade and Modes of Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by F.A. Chami, G. Pwiti and C. Radimilahy, 1-20. Dar es Salaam: University of Dar es Salaam.
10. Chami, F.A. 2004. "The archaeology of the Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania." In African Archaeology Network: Reports and Views, edited by F.A. Chami, G. Pwiti and C. Radimilahy, 73-101. Dar es Salaam: University of Dar es Salaam.
11. Chami, F.A. 2006. The Unity of African Ancient History: 3000 BC to AD 500. Dar es Salaam: E&D Ltd.
12. Chami, F.A. 2007. "Diffusion in the studies of the African past: reflections from new archaeological findings." African Archaeological Review 24: 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10437-007-9012-y.
13. Chami, F.A. 2009. Zanzibar and the Swahili Coast from c. 30,000 Years Ago. Dar es Salaam: E&D Vision Publishing.
14. Chami, F.A. and Kwekason, A. 2003. "Neolithic pottery traditions from the islands, the coast and the interior of East Africa." African Archaeological Review 20: 65-80. doi:10.1023/ A:1024426830217.
15. Chami, F.A. and Msemwa, P.J. 1997a. "A new look at culture and trade on the Azanian coast." Current Anthropology 38: 673-677. doi:10.1086/204654.
16. Chami, F.A. and Msemwa, P.J. 1997b. "The excavation at Kwale island, south of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Nyame Akuma 48: 45-56.
17. Chami, F.A., Khator J. and Hamis Ali, A. 2009. "The excavation of Mapangani Cave, Pemba Island, Zanzibar." In Studies in the African Past, Volume 9, edited by F.A. Chami and C. Radimilahy, 74-101. Dar es Salaam: University of Dar es Salaam.
18. Christie, A. 2011. "Exploring the social context of maritime exploitation in the Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania: an archaeological perspective." PhD diss., University of York.
19. Crowther, A., Horton, M.C., Kotarba-Morley, A., Petek, N., Christie, A., Mills, W., Tibesasa, R. and Boivin, N. 2012. "Report on fieldwork at the Juani Primary School site and Pango la Ukunju
20. Juani island (Mafia), Tanzania, July-August 2012." Unpublished report submitted to the Commission for Science and Technology, Tanzania and to the Antiquities Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania.
21. Dueppen, S. 2011. "Early evidence for chickens at Iron Age Kirikongo (c. AD 100-1450), Burkina Faso." Antiquity 85: 142-157.
22. Fleisher, J. 2003. "Viewing stonetowns from the countryside: an archaeological approach to Swahili regional systems, AD 800-1500." PhD. diss., University of Virginia.
23. Fleisher, J. and LaViolette, A. 2013. "The early Swahili trade village of Tumbe, Pemba Island, Tanzania, AD 600-950." Antiquity 87: 1151-1168.
24. Fleisher, J. and Wynne-Jones, S. 2011. "Ceramics and the early Swahili: deconstructing the early Tana Tradition." African Archaeological Review 28: 245-278. doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6.
25. Flexner, J.L., Fleisher, J. and LaViolette, A. 2008. "Bead grinders and early Swahili household economy: analysis of an assemblage from Tumbe, Pemba Island, Tanzania, 7th-10th centuries AD." Journal of African Archaeology 6: 161-181. doi:10.3213/1612-1651-10110.
26. Fuller, D.Q. 2008. "The spread of textile production and textile crops in India beyond the Harappan zone: an aspect of the emergence of craft specialization and systematic trade." In Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past, edited by T. Osada and A. Uesugi, 1-26. Kyoto: Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature.
27. Fuller, D.Q., and Boivin, N. 2009. "Crops, cattle and commensals across the Indian Ocean: current and potential archaeobiological evidence." Etudes Océan Indien 42-43: 13-46.
28. Fuller, D.Q., Boivin, N., Hoogervorst, T. and Allaby, R. 2011. "Across the Indian Ocean: the prehistoric movement of plants and animals." Antiquity 85: 544-558.
29. Gaudian, G. and Richmond, M. 1990. "Mafia Island Marine Park Project, Mafia island, Tanzania." Unpublished report prepared for the People's Trust for Endangered Species, Imperial College, London.
30. Giblin, J.D. and Fuller, D.Q. 2011. "First and second millennium AD agriculture in Rwanda: archaeobotanical finds and radiocarbon dates from seven sites." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 20: 253-265.
31. Greenway, P.J., Rodgers, W.A., Wingfield, R.J. and Mwasumbi, L.B. 1988. "The vegetation of Mafia island, Tanzania." Kirkia 13: 197-238.
32. Helm, R., Crowther, A., Shipton, C., Tengeza, A., Fuller, D.Q. and Boivin, N. 2012. "Exploring agriculture, interaction and trade on the eastern African littoral: preliminary results from Kenya." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 47: 39-63. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.647947.
33. Horton, M.C. 1990. "The Periplus and East Africa." Azania 25: 95-99. doi:10.1080/ 00672709009511414.
34. Horton, M.C. 1996. Shanga: An Archaeological Investigation of an Early Swahili Port. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa. Horton, M.C. In press. Zanzibar and Pemba: The Archaeology of an Indian Ocean Archipelago. London: Ashgate Publishers.
35. Horton, M. and Middleton, J. 2000. The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society. Cambridge: Blackwell.
36. Horton, M., and Mudida, N. 1993. "Exploitation of marine resources: evidence for the origin of the Swahili communities of East Africa." In Archaeology of Africa: Food, Metals, and Towns, edited by T. Shaw, P.J.J. Sinclair, B. Andah and A. Okpoko, 673-693. London: Routledge.
37. Juma, A. 2004. Unguja Ukuu on Zanzibar: An Archaeological Study of Early Urbanism. Uppsala: Uppsala University Department of Archaeology and Ancient History.
38. Kock, D. and Stanley, W.T. 2009. "Mammals of Mafia island, Tanzania." Mammalia 73: 339-352. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2009.046.
39. Petchey, F. 2009. "Dating marine shell in Oceania: issues and prospects." In New Directions in Archaeological Science, edited by A. Fairbairn, S. O'Connor and B. Marwick, 157-172. Canberra: ANU Press. Petchey, F., Ulm, S., David, B., McNiven, I., Asmussen, B., Tomkins, H., Richards, T., Rowe, C.
40. Leavesley, M., Mandui, H. and Stansic, J. 2012. "14C marine reservoir variability in herbivores and deposit-feeding gastropods from an open coastline, Papua New Guinea." Radiocarbon 54: 967-978. doi:10.2458/azu-js- rc.v54i1.13050.
41. Quintana Morales, E. 2012. "Reconstructing Swahili foodways: the archaeology of fishing and fish consumption in coastal East Africa, AD 500-1500." PhD. Diss, University of Bristol.
42. Shipton, C., Helm, R., Boivin, N., Crowther, A., Austin, P. and Fuller, D.Q. 2013. "Intersections, networks and the genesis of social complexity on the Nyali Coast of East Africa." African Archaeological Review 30: 427-453.
43. Sinclair, P.J.J. 2007. "What is the archaeological evidence for external trading contacts on the East African coast in the first millennium BC?" In Natural Resources and Cultural Connections of the Red Sea, edited by J. Starkey, P. Starkey and T. Wilkinson, 1-8. Oxford: Archaeopress.
44. Sinclair, P.J.J, Juma, A. and Chami, F.A. 2006. "Excavations at Kuumbi Cave on Zanzibar in 2005." In The African Archaeology Network: Research in Progress, edited by J. Kinahan and J. Kinahan, 95-106. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press.
45. Southon, J.R., Kashgarian, M., Fontugne, M., Metivier, B. and Yim, W.W.-S. 2002. "Marine reservoir corrections for the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia." Radiocarbon 44: 167-180.
46. Sutton, J. 2002. "Research and interpretation in eastern African archaeology." Journal of African History 43: 503-505. doi:10.1017/ S0021853702218411.
47. Vansina, J. 1997. "Slender evidence, weighty consequences: on one word in the 'Periplus Maris Erythraei'." History in Africa 24: 393-397. doi:10.2307/3172038.
48. Villa, P., Soriano, S., Tsanova, T., Degano, I., Higham, T., d'Errico, F., Backwell, L., Lucejko, J.J., Colombini, M.P. and Beaumont, P.B. 2012. "Border Cave and the beginning of the Later Stone Age in South Africa." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109: 13208-13213. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202629109.
49. Walsh, M.T. 2007. "Island subsistence: hunting, trapping and the translocation of wildlife in the western Indian Ocean." Azania 42: 83-113. doi:10.1080/00672700709480452.
50. Walshaw, S.C. 2010. "Converting to rice: urbanization, Islamization and crops on Pemba Island, Tanzania, AD 700-1500." World Archaeology 42: 137-154.
51. Wood, M. 2011. Interconnections: Glass Beads and Trade in Southern and Eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean-7th to 16th Centuries AD. Uppsala: Uppsala University, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History.
52. Wynne-Jones, S. 2006. "Reconstructing the long-term history of the Mafia Archipelago." Unpublished report submitted to the Commission for Science and Technology, Tanzania and to the Antiquities Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania.