Ultra clean ventilation system performance relating to airborne infections in operating theatres using CFD modelling

Building Simulation

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 277-287

  Lydon, Gearoid P ^a,b   Ingham, Derek B ^a   Mourshed, Monjur M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

^c CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

airborne infection; CFD; operating theatre; ventilation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897675205     PISSN: 19963599     EISSN: 19968744     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12273-013-0145-4     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Allen P, Reynolds DA (1978). Clean air operating environments. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 20: 591-598.
2. Bennett MD, Brachman MD (1986). Hospital Infections, 2nd edn. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
3. Blowers R, Crew B (1960). Ventilation of operating theatres. Journal of Hygiene, 58: 427-448.
4. Brohus H, Hyldig M, Kamper S, Vachek UM (2008). Influence of disturbances on bacteria level in an operating room. Paper presented at 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark.
5. Brown AR, Taylor GJ, Gregg PJ (1996). Air contamination during skin preparation and draping in joint replacement surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British Volume), 78: 92-94.
6. CFX (2001). CFX 5. 1. Flow solver user guide. Oxfordshire, UK: Harwell Laboratory.
7. Charnley J (1964). A clean-air operating enclosure. British Journal of Surgery, 51: 202-205.
8. Chen Q (1995). Comparison of different k-e{open} models for indoor airflow computations. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, 28: 353-369.
9. Choi JI, Edwards JR (2008). Large-eddy simulation of human-induced contaminant transport in room compartments. Indoor Air, 18: 233-249.
10. Choi JI, Edwards JR (2012). Large eddy simulation and zonal modeling of human-induced contaminant transport. Indoor Air, 22: 77-87.
11. Chow TT, Yang XY (2003). Performance of ventilation system in a non-standard operating room. Building and Environment, 38: 1401-1411.
12. Cook MJ, Lomas KJ (1998). Buoyancy-driven displacement ventilation flows: Evaluation of two eddy viscosity turbulence models for prediction. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 19: 15-21.
13. Finlayson EU, Gadgil AJ, Thatcher TL, Sextro RG (2004). Pollutant dispersion in a large indoor space. Part 2: Computational fluid dynamics predictions and comparison with a scale model experiment for isothermal flow. Indoor Air, 14: 272-283.
14. Hambraeus A (1988). Aerobiology in the operating room-A review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 11(Supplement 1): 68-76.
15. Hirsch C (1991). Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, Volume 1. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
16. Hoffman PN, Williams J, Stacey A, Bennett AM, Ridgway GL, Dobson C, Fraser I, Humphreys H (2002). Microbiological commissioning and monitoring of operating theatre suites. Journal of Hospital Infection, 52: 1-28.
17. Lidwell OM, Elson RA, Lowbury EJL (1987). Ultra-clean air and antibiotics for prevention of postoperative infection. A multicenter study of 8052 joint replacement operations. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 58: 4-13.
18. Lidwell OM, Lowbury EJL, Whyte W, Blowers R, Stanley SJ, Lowe D (1982). Effect of ultraclean air in operating rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomized study. British Medical Journal, 285: 10-14.
19. MacDonald DA (1995). The infected joint replacement: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Current Orthopaedics, 9: 21-27.
20. National Health Service Estates (1994). Health Technical Memorandum 2025: Ventilation in Healthcare Premises. London: HMSO.
21. Plowman RM, Graves N, Roberts JA (1997). Hospital Acquired Infection. London: Office of Health Economics.
22. Thorsuage J (1982). Air velocity fluctuations in the occupied zone of ventilated spaces. ASHRAE Transactions, 88(2): 753-754.
23. Tinker JA, Roberts D (1998). Indoor air quality and infection problems in operating theatres. Paper presented at EPIC 1998, Lyon, France.
24. Whyte W, Hambraeus A, Laurell G (1992). The relative importance of the routes and sources of wound contamination during general surgery, II Airborne. Journal of Hospital Infection, 22: 41-54.
25. Whyte W, Hambraeus A, Laurell G and Hoborn J (1991). The relative importance of routes and sources of wound contamination during general surgery, I Non-airborne. Journal of Hospital Infection, 18: 93-107.
26. Whyte W, Hodgson R, Tinkler J (1982). The importance of airborne bacterial contamination of wounds. Journal of Hospital Infection, 3: 123-135.
27. Whyte W, Lidwell OM, Lowbury EJL, Blowers R (1983). Suggested bacteriological standards for air in ultraclean operating rooms. Journal of Hospital Infection, 4: 133-139.
28. Yakhot V, Orszag SA, Thangam S, Gatski TB, Speziale CG (1992) Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids A, 4: 1510-1520.
29. Zoon W, Loomans M (2011). Testing the effectiveness of operating room ventilation with regard to removal of airborne bacteria. Building and Environment, 46: 2570-2577.