메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 57-78

Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Analysing Local Patterns of Crime Over Time at the Small-Area Level

Author keywords

Bayesian hierarchical models; Crime trends; Hot spots; Probability mapping; Spatial; Spatio temporal

Indexed keywords


EID: 84897584853     PISSN: 07484518     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10940-013-9194-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (97)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 33644906631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial analysis of fatal and injury crashes in Pennsylvania
    • Aguero-Valverde J, Jovanis PP (2006) Spatial analysis of fatal and injury crashes in Pennsylvania. Accid Anal Prev 38(3): 618-625.
    • (2006) Accid Anal Prev , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 618-625
    • Aguero-Valverde, J.1    Jovanis, P.P.2
  • 3
    • 0002498753 scopus 로고
    • Local indicators of spatial association
    • Anselin L (1995) Local indicators of spatial association. Geogr Anal 27(2): 309-329.
    • (1995) Geogr Anal , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-329
    • Anselin, L.1
  • 6
    • 28344449679 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics
    • Besag J, York J, Mollie A (1991) Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics. Ann Inst Stat Math 43(1): 1-20.
    • (1991) Ann Inst Stat Math , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Besag, J.1    York, J.2    Mollie, A.3
  • 7
    • 84996151377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic burglary repeats and space-time clusters: the dimensions of risk
    • Bowers KJ, Johnson SD (2005) Domestic burglary repeats and space-time clusters: the dimensions of risk. Eur J Criminol 2(1): 67-92.
    • (2005) Eur J Criminol , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-92
    • Bowers, K.J.1    Johnson, S.D.2
  • 8
    • 85050789996 scopus 로고
    • Economic deprivation and neighborhood crime rates, 1960-1980
    • Bursik RJ Jr, Grasmick HG (1993) Economic deprivation and neighborhood crime rates, 1960-1980. Law Soc Rev 27(2): 263-284.
    • (1993) Law Soc Rev , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-284
    • Bursik Jr., R.J.1    Grasmick, H.G.2
  • 9
    • 79951993008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk terrain modeling: brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting
    • Caplan JM, Kennedy LW, Miller J (2011) Risk terrain modeling: brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting. Justice Q 28(2): 360-381.
    • (2011) Justice Q , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 360-381
    • Caplan, J.M.1    Kennedy, L.W.2    Miller, J.3
  • 11
    • 28244476456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil: assessing spatial-temporal and weather variations
    • Ceccato V (2005) Homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil: assessing spatial-temporal and weather variations. J Environ Psychol 25(3): 307-321.
    • (2005) J Environ Psychol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-321
    • Ceccato, V.1
  • 13
    • 65349156663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The utility of hot spot mapping for predicting spatial patterns of crime
    • Chainey S, Tompson L, Uhlig S (2008) The utility of hot spot mapping for predicting spatial patterns of crime. Secur J 21(1): 4-28.
    • (2008) Secur J , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-28
    • Chainey, S.1    Tompson, L.2    Uhlig, S.3
  • 14
    • 0000204509 scopus 로고
    • Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach
    • Cohen LE, Felson M (1979) Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach. Am Socio Rev 44: 588-608.
    • (1979) Am Socio Rev , vol.44 , pp. 588-608
    • Cohen, L.E.1    Felson, M.2
  • 15
    • 0034468626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring suicide mortality: a Bayesian approach
    • Congdon P (2000) Monitoring suicide mortality: a Bayesian approach. Eur J Popul 16(3): 251-284.
    • (2000) Eur J Popul , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-284
    • Congdon, P.1
  • 16
    • 84897598343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crimestat Report, New York, Accessed 6 June 2012
    • Crimestat Report (2009) New York State division of criminal justice services, New York. http://criminaljustice. state. ny. us/pio/annualreport/2009-crimestat-report. pdf. Accessed 6 June 2012.
    • (2009) New York State division of criminal justice services
  • 17
    • 78649802511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime Statistics in Canada, 2007
    • Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-002-X
    • Dauvergne M (2008) Crime Statistics in Canada, 2007. Canadian centre for justice statistics. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-002-X, vol. 28, no. 7.
    • (2008) Canadian centre for justice statistics , vol.28 , Issue.7
    • Dauvergne, M.1
  • 18
    • 0033573278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All maps of parameter estimates are misleading
    • Gelman A, Price PN (1999) All maps of parameter estimates are misleading. Stat Med 18(23): 3221-3234.
    • (1999) Stat Med , vol.18 , Issue.23 , pp. 3221-3234
    • Gelman, A.1    Price, P.N.2
  • 19
    • 11144261700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communities, street guns, and homicide trajectories in Chicago, 1980-1995: merging methods for examining homicide trends across space and time
    • Griffiths E, Chavez JM (2004) Communities, street guns, and homicide trajectories in Chicago, 1980-1995: merging methods for examining homicide trends across space and time. Criminol 42(4): 941-978.
    • (2004) Criminol , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 941-978
    • Griffiths, E.1    Chavez, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 84892092664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where the action is at places: examining spatio-temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and GIS
    • D. Weisburd, W. Bernasco, and G. Bruinsma (Eds.), New York: Springer
    • Groff ER, Weisburd D, Morris NA (2009) Where the action is at places: examining spatio-temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and GIS. In: Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma G (eds) Putting crime in its place: units of analysis in criminology. Springer, New York, pp 61-86.
    • (2009) Putting Crime in Its Place: Units of Analysis in Criminology , pp. 61-86
    • Groff, E.R.1    Weisburd, D.2    Morris, N.A.3
  • 21
    • 77950520027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it important to examine crime trends at a local "micro" level? a longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories
    • Groff ER, Weisburd D, Yang S-M (2010) Is it important to examine crime trends at a local "micro" level? a longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories. J Quant Criminol 26(1): 7-32.
    • (2010) J Quant Criminol , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-32
    • Groff, E.R.1    Weisburd, D.2    Yang, S.-M.3
  • 22
    • 47249113018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal interaction of urban crime
    • Grubesic TH, Mack EA (2008) Spatio-temporal interaction of urban crime. J Quant Criminol 24(3): 285-306.
    • (2008) J Quant Criminol , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-306
    • Grubesic, T.H.1    Mack, E.A.2
  • 23
    • 34848881667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining police perceptions with police records of serious crime areas: a modeling approach
    • Haining R, Law J (2007) Combining police perceptions with police records of serious crime areas: a modeling approach. J R Stat Soc Stat Soc 170(4): 1019-1034.
    • (2007) J R Stat Soc Stat Soc , vol.170 , Issue.4 , pp. 1019-1034
    • Haining, R.1    Law, J.2
  • 24
    • 84897615274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical information systems models and spatial data analysis
    • A. Batabyal and P. Nijkamp (Eds.), Singapore: World Scientific Publishing
    • Haining R, Law J (2011) Geographical information systems models and spatial data analysis. In: Batabyal A, Nijkamp P (eds) Research tools in natural resource and environmental economics. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, pp 377-401.
    • (2011) Research Tools in Natural Resource and Environmental Economics , pp. 377-401
    • Haining, R.1    Law, J.2
  • 25
    • 62849104853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling small area counts in the presence of overdispersion and spatial autocorrelation
    • Haining R, Law J, Griffith D (2009) Modelling small area counts in the presence of overdispersion and spatial autocorrelation. Comput Stat Data Anal 53(8): 2923-2937.
    • (2009) Comput Stat Data Anal , vol.53 , Issue.8 , pp. 2923-2937
    • Haining, R.1    Law, J.2    Griffith, D.3
  • 26
    • 77953292760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference from ecological models: estimating the relative risk of stroke from air pollution exposure using small area data
    • Haining R, Li G, Maheswaran R, Blangiardo M, Law J, Best M, Richardson S (2010) Inference from ecological models: estimating the relative risk of stroke from air pollution exposure using small area data. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 1(2): 123-131.
    • (2010) Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-131
    • Haining, R.1    Li, G.2    Maheswaran, R.3    Blangiardo, M.4    Law, J.5    Best, M.6    Richardson, S.7
  • 27
    • 0029658397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A K-nearest neighbor test for space-time interaction
    • Jacquez GM (1996) A K-nearest neighbor test for space-time interaction. Stat Med 15: 1935-1949.
    • (1996) Stat Med , vol.15 , pp. 1935-1949
    • Jacquez, G.M.1
  • 28
    • 80355147041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-level approach to investigating neighborhood effects on physical aggression among urban Chicago youth
    • Jennings WG, Maldonado-Molina MM, Reingle JM, Komro KA (2011) A multi-level approach to investigating neighborhood effects on physical aggression among urban Chicago youth. Am J Crim Just 36(4): 392-407.
    • (2011) Am J Crim Just , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 392-407
    • Jennings, W.G.1    Maldonado-Molina, M.M.2    Reingle, J.M.3    Komro, K.A.4
  • 29
    • 0842346760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of space-time clusters of burglary
    • Johnson SD, Bowers KJ (2004) The stability of space-time clusters of burglary. Brit J Criminol 44(1): 55-65.
    • (2004) Brit J Criminol , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-65
    • Johnson, S.D.1    Bowers, K.J.2
  • 31
    • 0000991389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion of 'Bayesian models for spatially correlated disease and exposure data', by Best et al
    • (JM Bernardo JO Berger AP Dawid and AFM. Smith ed.) 151. Oxford University Press New York
    • Kelsall JE, Wakefield JC (1999). Discussion of 'Bayesian models for spatially correlated disease and exposure data', by Best et al. In Bayesian Statistics 6 (JM Bernardo JO Berger AP Dawid and AFM. Smith ed.) 151. Oxford University Press New York.
    • (1999) Bayesian Statistics , vol.6
    • Kelsall, J.E.1    Wakefield, J.C.2
  • 33
    • 0036462478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rise in malaria incidence rates in South Africa: a small-area spatial analysis of variation in time trends
    • Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B, Mueller I, Vounatsou P (2002) Rise in malaria incidence rates in South Africa: a small-area spatial analysis of variation in time trends. Am J Epidemio 155(3): 257-264.
    • (2002) Am J Epidemio , vol.155 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-264
    • Kleinschmidt, I.1    Sharp, B.2    Mueller, I.3    Vounatsou, P.4
  • 34
    • 0034665770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian modeling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk
    • Knorr-Held L (2000) Bayesian modeling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk. Stat Med 19(17): 2555-2567.
    • (2000) Stat Med , vol.19 , Issue.17 , pp. 2555-2567
    • Knorr-Held, L.1
  • 35
    • 0032581956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling risk from a disease in time and space
    • Knorr-Held L, Besag J (1998) Modelling risk from a disease in time and space. Stat Med 17(18): 2045-2060.
    • (1998) Stat Med , vol.17 , Issue.18 , pp. 2045-2060
    • Knorr-Held, L.1    Besag, J.2
  • 36
    • 0002950234 scopus 로고
    • The detection of space-time interactions
    • Knox EG (1964) The detection of space-time interactions. Appl Stat 13(1): 25-30.
    • (1964) Appl Stat , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-30
    • Knox, E.G.1
  • 37
    • 0141954431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood correlates of homicide trends: an analysis using growth-curve modeling
    • Kubrin CE, Herting JR (2003) Neighborhood correlates of homicide trends: an analysis using growth-curve modeling. Socio Q 44(3): 329-350.
    • (2003) Socio Q , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-350
    • Kubrin, C.E.1    Herting, J.R.2
  • 38
    • 0031361662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatial scan statistic
    • Kulldorff M (1997) A spatial scan statistic. Comm Stat Theor Meth 26: 1481-1496.
    • (1997) Comm Stat Theor Meth , vol.26 , pp. 1481-1496
    • Kulldorff, M.1
  • 39
    • 18244370236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A space-time permutation scan statistic for the early detection of disease outbreaks
    • Kulldorff M, Heffernan R, Hartman J, Assuncao RM, Mostashari F (2005) A space-time permutation scan statistic for the early detection of disease outbreaks. PLoS Med 2: 216-224.
    • (2005) PLoS Med , vol.2 , pp. 216-224
    • Kulldorff, M.1    Heffernan, R.2    Hartman, J.3    Assuncao, R.M.4    Mostashari, F.5
  • 40
    • 84857631677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian spatial random effect modeling for analyzing burglary risks controlling for offender, socioeconomic, and unknown risk factors
    • doi:10.1007/s12061-011-9060-1
    • Law J, Chan PW (2011) Bayesian spatial random effect modeling for analyzing burglary risks controlling for offender, socioeconomic, and unknown risk factors. Appl Spat Anal Policy. doi: 10. 1007/s12061-011-9060-1.
    • (2011) Appl Spat Anal Policy
    • Law, J.1    Chan, P.W.2
  • 41
    • 4544276994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to modeling binary data: the case of high-intensity crime areas
    • Law J, Haining RP (2004) A Bayesian approach to modeling binary data: the case of high-intensity crime areas. Geogr Anal 36(3): 197-216.
    • (2004) Geogr Anal , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-216
    • Law, J.1    Haining, R.P.2
  • 42
    • 84871932346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring links between juvenile offenders and social disorganization at a large map scale: a Bayesian modeling approach
    • doi:10.1007/s10109-012-0164-1s
    • Law J, Quick M (2012) Exploring links between juvenile offenders and social disorganization at a large map scale: a Bayesian modeling approach. J Geogr Syst. doi: 10. 1007/s10109-012-0164-1s.
    • (2012) J Geogr Syst
    • Law, J.1    Quick, M.2
  • 44
    • 79953189693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of hurricane Katrina on reported crimes in Louisiana: a spatial and temporal analysis
    • Leitner M, Barnett M, Kent J, Barnett T (2011) The impact of hurricane Katrina on reported crimes in Louisiana: a spatial and temporal analysis. Prof Geogr 63(2): 246-261.
    • (2011) Prof Geogr , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 246-261
    • Leitner, M.1    Barnett, M.2    Kent, J.3    Barnett, T.4
  • 45
    • 0040017894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limited role of changing age structure in explaining aggregate crime rates
    • Levitt SD (1999) The limited role of changing age structure in explaining aggregate crime rates. Criminology 37(3): 581-598.
    • (1999) Criminology , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 581-598
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 46
    • 0035729322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative strategies for identifying the link between unemployment and crime
    • Levitt SD (2001) Alternative strategies for identifying the link between unemployment and crime. J Quant Criminol 17(4): 377-390.
    • (2001) J Quant Criminol , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 377-390
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 47
    • 4344608946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis
    • MacNab YC (2004) Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis. Accid Anal Prev 36(6): 1019-1028.
    • (2004) Accid Anal Prev , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1019-1028
    • MacNab, Y.C.1
  • 48
    • 0024337303 scopus 로고
    • Property crime and the routine activities of individuals
    • Massey JL, Krohn MD, Bonati LM (1989) Property crime and the routine activities of individuals. J Res Crime Delinquen 26(4): 378-400.
    • (1989) J Res Crime Delinquen , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 378-400
    • Massey, J.L.1    Krohn, M.D.2    Bonati, L.M.3
  • 49
    • 73249116857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do US city crime rates follow a national trend? The influence of nationwide conditions on local crime patterns
    • McDowall D, Loftin C (2009) Do US city crime rates follow a national trend? The influence of nationwide conditions on local crime patterns. J Quant Criminol 25(3): 307-324.
    • (2009) J Quant Criminol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-324
    • McDowall, D.1    Loftin, C.2
  • 50
    • 0022965419 scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to the multiplicity problem for significance testing with binomial data
    • Meng CYK, Dempster AP (1987) A Bayesian approach to the multiplicity problem for significance testing with binomial data. Biometrics 43(2): 301-311.
    • (1987) Biometrics , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-311
    • Meng, C.Y.K.1    Dempster, A.P.2
  • 51
    • 84936823608 scopus 로고
    • Social differentiation in criminal victimization: a test of routine activities/lifestyle theories
    • Miethe TD, Stafford MC, Long JS (1987) Social differentiation in criminal victimization: a test of routine activities/lifestyle theories. Am Socio Rev 52(2): 184-194.
    • (1987) Am Socio Rev , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-194
    • Miethe, T.D.1    Stafford, M.C.2    Long, J.S.3
  • 52
    • 68149129688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: a fine-scale mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin
    • Osnas EE, Heisey DM, Rolley RE, Samuel MD (2009) Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: a fine-scale mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin. Ecol Appl 19(5): 1311-1322.
    • (2009) Ecol Appl , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 1311-1322
    • Osnas, E.E.1    Heisey, D.M.2    Rolley, R.E.3    Samuel, M.D.4
  • 53
    • 33847200117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homicide trends and illicit drug markets: Exploring differences across time
    • Ousey, GC, Lee, MR (2007). Homicide trends and illicit drug markets: Exploring differences across time. JQ 24 1: 48-79.
    • (2007) JQ , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-79
    • Ousey, G.C.1    Lee, M.R.2
  • 54
    • 16244375947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 213, UK: Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice
    • Ratcliffe JH (2001) Policing urban burglary. Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice, UK 213.
    • (2001) Policing Urban Burglary
    • Ratcliffe, J.H.1
  • 55
    • 0036102405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aoristic signatures and the spatio-temporal analysis of high volume crime patterns
    • Ratcliffe JH (2002) Aoristic signatures and the spatio-temporal analysis of high volume crime patterns. J Quant Criminol 18(1): 23-43.
    • (2002) J Quant Criminol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-43
    • Ratcliffe, J.H.1
  • 56
    • 33745796881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hot spot matrix: a framework for the spatio-temporal targeting of crime reduction
    • Ratcliffe JH (2004) The hot spot matrix: a framework for the spatio-temporal targeting of crime reduction. Police Pract Res 5(1): 5-23.
    • (2004) Police Pract Res , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-23
    • Ratcliffe, J.H.1
  • 57
    • 79961158335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical units of analysis and the analysis of crime
    • In: Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma G (eds), Springer, New York
    • Rengert GF, Lockwood B (2009) Geographical units of analysis and the analysis of crime. In: Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma G (eds) Putting crime in its place: units of analysis in geographic criminology. Springer, New York, pp 109-122.
    • (2009) Putting crime in its place: Units of analysis in geographic criminology , pp. 109-122
    • Rengert, G.F.1    Lockwood, B.2
  • 58
    • 0002135827 scopus 로고
    • Police crackdowns: initial and residual deterrence
    • Sherman LW (1990) Police crackdowns: initial and residual deterrence. Crime Justice 12: 1-48.
    • (1990) Crime Justice , vol.12 , pp. 1-48
    • Sherman, L.W.1
  • 59
    • 0001934221 scopus 로고
    • Hot spots of crime and criminal careers of places
    • J. E. Eck and D. Weisburd (Eds.), New York: Criminal Justice Press
    • Sherman LW (1995) Hot spots of crime and criminal careers of places. In: Eck JE, Weisburd D (eds) Crime and place. Criminal Justice Press, New York, pp 35-52.
    • (1995) Crime and Place , pp. 35-52
    • Sherman, L.W.1
  • 60
    • 85050845160 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative methods for optimizing the allocation of police resources
    • Shumate RP, Crowther RF (1966) Quantitative methods for optimizing the allocation of police resources. J Crim Law Criminol Police Sci 57(2): 197-206.
    • (1966) J Crim Law Criminol Police Sci , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-206
    • Shumate, R.P.1    Crowther, R.F.2
  • 61
    • 44949225191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of revascularization odds using smoothing splines
    • Silva GL, Dean CB, Niyonsenga T, Vanasse A (2007) Hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of revascularization odds using smoothing splines. Stat Med 27(13): 2381-2401.
    • (2007) Stat Med , vol.27 , Issue.13 , pp. 2381-2401
    • Silva, G.L.1    Dean, C.B.2    Niyonsenga, T.3    Vanasse, A.4
  • 63
    • 84897611911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada, Accessed 29 March 2012
    • Statistics Canada (2012) Dissemination area (DA). http://www12. statcan. ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/geo021-eng. cfm. Accessed 29 March 2012.
    • (2012) Dissemination area (DA)
  • 64
    • 71949130302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use and violent crime
    • Stucky TD, Ottensmann JR (2009) Land use and violent crime. Criminol 47(4): 1223-1264.
    • (2009) Criminol , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 1223-1264
    • Stucky, T.D.1    Ottensmann, J.R.2
  • 65
    • 77951070823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting crime to the police
    • Tarling R, Morris K (2010) Reporting crime to the police. Brit J Criminol 50(3): 474-490.
    • (2010) Brit J Criminol , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 474-490
    • Tarling, R.1    Morris, K.2
  • 66
    • 84859411511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of childhood cancer trends
    • Torabi M, Rosychuk RJ (2012) Hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of childhood cancer trends. Geogr Anal 44: 109-120.
    • (2012) Geogr Anal , vol.44 , pp. 109-120
    • Torabi, M.1    Rosychuk, R.J.2
  • 67
    • 77952307130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualizing space time patterns in crime: the hot spot plot
    • Townsley M (2008) Visualizing space time patterns in crime: the hot spot plot. Crim Patterns Anal 1(1): 61-75.
    • (2008) Crim Patterns Anal , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-75
    • Townsley, M.1
  • 68
    • 3142682218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of crime at places: a longitudinal study of street segments in the city of seattle
    • Weisburd D, Bushway S, Lum C, Yang S-M (2004) Trajectories of crime at places: a longitudinal study of street segments in the city of seattle. Criminol 42(4): 283-321.
    • (2004) Criminol , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-321
    • Weisburd, D.1    Bushway, S.2    Lum, C.3    Yang, S.-M.4
  • 70
    • 84897646128 scopus 로고
    • The trend of crime in New York City
    • Willbach H (1938) The trend of crime in New York City. Am Inst Crim L Criminol 29: 62-75.
    • (1938) Am Inst Crim L Criminol , vol.29 , pp. 62-75
    • Willbach, H.1
  • 71
    • 43949173179 scopus 로고
    • Are crime waves in the United States regional or national?
    • Winsberg MD (1993) Are crime waves in the United States regional or national? J Crim Justice 21(5): 517-520.
    • (1993) J Crim Justice , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 517-520
    • Winsberg, M.D.1
  • 72
    • 54449090707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel spatio-temporal dual changepoint models for relating alcohol outlet destruction and changes in neighborhood rates of assaultive violence
    • Yu Q, Scribner R, Carlin B, Theall K, Simonsen N, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Cohen D, Mason K (2008) Multilevel spatio-temporal dual changepoint models for relating alcohol outlet destruction and changes in neighborhood rates of assaultive violence. Geospat Health 2(2): 161-172.
    • (2008) Geospat Health , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-172
    • Yu, Q.1    Scribner, R.2    Carlin, B.3    Theall, K.4    Simonsen, N.5    Ghosh-Dastidar, B.6    Cohen, D.7    Mason, K.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.