An analysis of geomagnetic field reversals supports the validity of the Geocentric Axial Dipole (GAD) hypothesis in the Precambrian

Precambrian Research

Volumn 244, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 33-41

  Veikkolainen, Toni ^a   Pesonen, Lauri ^a   Korhonen, Kimmo ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Asymmetry; Geocentric Axial Dipole; Harmonic; Reversal; Transition; Zonal

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; ASYMMETRY; GEOMAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETIC REVERSAL; PALEOLATITUDE; PALEOMAGNETISM; PROTEROZOIC;

EID: 84897379337     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2013.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Abrajevitch A.A., Van der Voo R. Incompatible Ediacaran paleomagnetic directions suggest an equatorial geomagnetic dipole hypothesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 293:164-170.
2. Bates M.P., Halls H.C. Broad-scale Proterozoic deformation of the central Superior Province revealed by paleomagnetism of the 2.45Ga Matachewan dyke swarm. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1991, 28:1780-1796.
3. Belica M.E., Piispa E.J., Meert J.G., Pesonen L.J., Plado J., Kamenov G.D., Celestino M. Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms from the Dharwar craton, India - constraining paleomagnetic poles from 2. 37-1.88Ga and rethinking the Columbia supercontinent. Precambrian Research 2013, (in this issue).
4. Bingham C. An antipodally symmetric distribution on the sphere. Annals of Statistics 1974, 2:1201-1225.
5. Bingham D.K., Evans M.E. Paleomagnetism of the Great Slave Supergroup, Northwest Territories, Canada: the Stark Formation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1976, 13:563-578.
6. Brett J.S., Dunlop D.J. Paleomagnetism of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province, Ontario: Differential uplift or collision of terranes?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 266:125-139.
7. Brown L.L., McEnroe S.A. Paleomagnetism and Magnetic Mineralogy of Grenville Metamorphic and Igneous Rocks, Adirondack Highlands, USA. Precambrian Research 2012, 212-213:57-74.
8. Buchan K.L., Mertanen S., Park R.G., Pesonen L.J., Elming S.-A., Abrahamsen N., Bylund G. Comparing the drift of Laurentia and Baltica in the Proterozoic: the importance of key palaeomagnetic poles. Tectonophysics 2000, 319:167-198.
9. Clement B.M., Stixrude L. Inner core anisotropy, anomalies in the time-averaged paleomagnetic field, and polarity transition paths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1995, 130:75-85.
10. Costanzo-Alvarez V., Dunlop D.J., Pesonen L.J. Paleomagnetism of alkaline complexes and remagnetization in the Kapuskasing Structural Zone, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 1993, 98:4063-4079.
11. Cox A. The frequency of geomagnetic reversals and the symmetry of the non-dipole field. Reviews of Geophysics 1975, 13:35-51.
12. D'Agrella-Filho M.S., Pacca I.I.G., Renne P.R., Onstott T.C., Teixeira W. Paleomagnetism of Middle Proterozoic (1.01 to 1.08Ga) mafic dykes in southeastern Bahia State - São Francisco Craton, Brazil. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1990, 101:332-348.
13. 39Ar ages of mafic dikes from Salvador (Brazil): new constraints on the São Francisco craton APW path between 1080 and 1010Ma. Precambrian Research 2004, 132:55-77.
14. D'Agrella-Filho M.S., Tohver E., Santos J.O.S., Elming S.-A., Trindade R.I.F., Pacca I.I.G., Geraldes M.L. Direct dating of paleomagnetic results from Precambrian sediments in the Amazon craton: Evidence for Grenvillian emplacement of exotic crust in SE Appalachians of North America. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 267:188-199.
15. Donadini, F., 2007. Features of the geomagnetic field during the Holocene and Proterozoic. Ph.D. Thesis. Division of Geophysics, University of Helsinki, 188 pp.
16. Donadini F., Pesonen L.J., Korhonen K., Deutsch A., Harlan S.S. Paleomagnetism and Paleointensity of the 1.1Ga Old Diabase Sheets from Central Arizona. Geophysica 2011, 47:3-30.
17. Donadini F., Pesonen L.J., Korhonen K., Deutsch A., Harlan S.S., Heaman L.M. Symmetric and asymmetric reversals in the 1.1Ga Central Arizonadiabases: the debate continues. Supercontinent Symposium 2012. Programme and Abstracts 2012, 35-36. S. Mertanen, L.J. Pesonen, P. Sangchan (Eds.).
18. DuBois P.M. Paleomagnetism and correlation of Keweenawan rocks. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 1962, 71:1-75.
19. Dunlop D.J. Paleomagnetism of Archean rocks from northwest Ontario: II. Shelley Lake granite, Quetico Subprovince. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1984, 21:869-879.
20. Elston D.P., Enkin R.J., Baker J., Kisilevsky D.K. Tightening the Belt: Paleomagnetic-stratigraphic constraints on deposition, correlation, and deformation of the Middle Proterozoic (ca. 1.4Ga) Belt-Purcell Supergroup, United States and Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2002, 114:619-638.
21. Ernst R.E., Buchan K.L. Paleomagnetism of the Abitibi dyke swarm, southern Superior Province, and implications for the Logan Loop. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1993, 30:1886-1897.
22. Evans D.A.D. True polar wander and supercontinents. Tectonophysics 2003, 362:303-320.
23. Evans D.A.D. Proterozoic low orbital obliquity and axial-dipolar geomagnetic field from evaporite palaeolatitudes. Nature 2006, 444:51-55.
24. Evans M.E. Test of the dipolar nature of the geomagnetic field throughout Phanerozoic time. Nature 1976, 262:676-677.
25. Evans M.E., Hoye G.S., Bingham D.K. The paleomagnetism of the Great Slave supergroup: the Akaitcho River formation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1980, 17:1389-1395.
26. Evans D.A.D., Li Z.-X., Kirschvink J.L., Wingate M.T.D. A high quality mid-Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic pole from South China, with implications for ice ages and the breakup configuration of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 2000, 100:313-334.
27. Gallet Y., Pavlov V.E., Semikhatov M.A., Petrov P.Yu. Late Mesoproterozoic magnetostratigraphic results from Siberia: Paleogeographic implications and magnetic field behavior. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2005, 105:16481-16499.
28. Gose W.A., Hanson R.E., Dalziel I.W.D., Pancake J.A., Seidel E.K. Paleomagnetism of the 1.1Ga Umkondo large igneous province in southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2006, 111:B09101.
29. Green J.C., Bornhorst T.J., Chandler V.W., Mudrey M.G., Myers P.E., Pesonen L.J., Wilband J.T. Keweenawan Dykes of the Lake Superior Region: Evidence for Evolution of the Middle Proterozoic. Mafic Dyke Swarms, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 1987, 289-302. H.C. Halls, W.F. Fahrig (Eds.).
30. Halls H.C., Davis D.W. Paleomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology of the 2.17Ga Biscotasing dyke swarm, Ontario, Canada: evidence for vertical-axis crustal rotation across the Kapuskasing Zone. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2004, 41:255-269.
31. Halls H.C., Davis D.W., Stott G.M., Ernst R.E., Hamilton M.A. The Paleoproterozoic Marathon Large Igneous Province: New evidence for a 2.1Ga long-lived mantle plume event along the southern margin of the North American Superior Province. Precambrian Research 2008, 162:327-354.
32. Halls H.C., Hamilton M.A., Denyszyn S.W. The Melville Bugt Dyke Swarm of Greenland: A Connection to the 1.5-1.6Ga Fennoscandian Rapakivi Granite Province?. Dyke Swarms: Keys for Geodynamic Interpretation 2011, 509-535. Springer, Berlin. R.K. Srivastava (Ed.).
33. Halls H.C., Heaman L.M. The paleomagnetic significance of new U-Pb age data from the Molson dyke swarm, Cauchon Lake area, Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2000, 37:957-966.
34. Halls H.C., Kumar A., Srinivasan R., Hamilton M.A. Paleomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology of easterly trending dykes in the Dharwar craton, India: feldspar clouding, radiating dyke swarms and the position of India at 2.37Ga. Precambrian Research 2007, 155:47-68.
35. Halls H.C., Pesonen L.J. Paleomagnetism of Keweenawan rocks. Geology and Tectonic History of the Lake Superior Bas a review 1982, 156:173-201. Geological Society of America Memoirs.
36. Hospers J. Rock magnetism and polar wandering. Nature 1954, 173:1183-1184.
37. Iosifidi A.G., Khramov A.N., Bachtadse V. Multicomponent magnetization of Vendian sedimentary rocks in Podolia, Ukraine. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 2005, 7:1-14.
38. Kean W.F., Williams I., Chan L., Feeney J. Magnetism of the Keweenawan age Chengwatana lava flows, northwest Wisconsin. Geophysical Research Letters 1997, 24:1523-1526.
39. Kent D.V., Smethurst M.A. Shallow bias of paleomagnetic inclinations in the Paleozoic and Precambrian. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 160:391-402.
40. King R.F. The remanent magnetism of artificially deposited sediments. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Geophysical Supplement 1955, 7:115-134.
41. Klootwijk C.T. Early Palaeozoic palaeomagnetism in Australia. Tectonophysics 1980, 64:249-332.
42. Layer P.W., Kröner A., McWilliams M.O. An Archean geomagnetic reversal in the Kaap Valley Pluton, South Africa. Science 1996, 273:943-946.
43. Letts S., Torsvik T.H., Webb S.J., Ashwal L.D. Palaeomagnetism of the 2054Ma Bushveld Complex (South Africa): implications for emplacement and cooling. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 179:850-872.
44. Lewchuk M.T., Symons D.T.A. Paleomagnetism of the Late Precambrian Coldwell Complex, Ontario, Canada. Tectonophysics 1990, 184:73-86.
45. Levashova N.M., Gibsher A.S., Meert J.G. Precambrian Microcontinents of the Ural-Mongolian Belt: New Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Data. Geotectonics 2011, 45:51-70.
46. Li Z.-X., Evans D.A.D., Zhang S. A 90° spin on Rodinia: possible causal links between the Neoproterozoic supercontinent superplume, true polar wander and low-latitude glaciations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 220:409-421.
47. Lubnina N.V., Mertanen S., Söderlund U., Bogdanova S., Vasilieva T.I., Frank-Kamenetsky D. A new key pole for the East European Craton at 1452Ma: Palaeomagnetic and geochronological constraints from mafic rocks in the Lake Ladoga region (Russian Karelia). Precambrian Research 2010, 183:442-462.
48. Maloof A.C., Halverson G.P., Kirschvink J.L., Schrag D.P., Weiss B.P., Hoffman P.F. Combined paleomagnetic, isotopic and stratigraphic evidence for true polar wander from the Neoproterozoic Akademikerbreen Group, Svalbard, Norway. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2006, 118:1099-1124.
49. McElhinny M.W., McFadden P.L. Paleosecular variation over the past 5Myr based on a new generalized database. Geophysical Journal International 1997, 131:240-252.
50. McElhinny M.W., McFadden P.L. Paleomagnetism: Continents and Oceans 2000, 386. Academic Press, San Diego.
51. McWilliams M.O., Dunlop D.J. Grenville paleomagnetism and tectonics. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1978, 15:687-695.
52. Meert J.G., Torsvik T.H. The making and unmaking of a supercontinent: Rodinia revisited. Tectonophysics 2003, 375:261-288.
53. Merrill R.T., McElhinny M.W. The Earth's Magnetic Field.Its History, Origin and Planetary Perspective 1983, 401. Academic Press, London.
54. Metelkin D.V., Blagovidov V.V., Kazansky A.Yu. The history of the Karagas supergroup evolution in the Biryusa region: synthesis of paleomagnetic and sedimentological data. Russian Geology and Geophysics 2010, 51:868-884.
55. Nevanlinna H., Pesonen L.J. Late Precambrian Keweenawan asymmetric polarities as analyzed by axial offset dipole geomagnetic models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 1983, 88:645-658.
56. Palmer H.C. Paleomagnetism and correlation of some Middle Keweenawan rocks, Lake Superior. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1970, 7:1410-1436.
57. Palmer H.C., Hayatsu A., Waboso C.E., Pullan S. A paleomagnetic and K-Ar study of the Umfraville gabbro, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1979, 16:459-471.
58. Paslick C.R., Halliday A.N., Davies G.R., Mezger K., Upton B.G.J. Timing of Proterozoic magmatism in the Gardar Province, southern Greenland. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1993, 105:272-278.
59. Pavlov V.E., Gallet Y. Katav Limestones: a Unique Example of Remagnetization or an Ideal Recorder of the Neoproterozoic Geomagnetic Field. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 2009, 45:31-40.
60. Pechersky D.M., Burakov K.S., Zakharov V.S., Sharkov E.V. Variations in the Geomagnetic Field Direction during Cooling of the Monchegorsk Pluton. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 2004, 38:236-257.
61. Perrin M., Shcherbakov V. Paleointensity of the Earth's magnetic field for the past 400Ma: evidence for a dipole structure during the Mesozoic low. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity 1995, 49:601-614.
62. Pesonen L.J. Paleomagnetism of Late Precambrian Keweenawan igneous and baked contact rocks from Thunder Bay district, northern Lake Superior. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 1979, 51:27-44.
63. Pesonen L.J., Bylund G., Torsvik T.H., Elming S.-A., Mertanen S. Catalog of paleomagnetic directions and poles from Fennoscandia: Archean to Tertiary. Tectonophysics 1991, 195:151-207.
64. Pesonen L.J., Evans D.A.D., Veikkolainen T., Sangchan P. A novel Precambrian paleomagnetic database: the basis for analysing supercontinents, GADand PSV. Supercontinent Symposium 2012. Programme and Abstracts 2012, 104-105. S. Mertanen, L.J. Pesonen, P. Sangchan (Eds.).
65. Pesonen L.J., Mertanen S., Veikkolainen T. Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Supercontinents - a Paleomagnetic view. Geophysica 2012, 48:5-47.
66. Pesonen L.J., Torsvik T.H. The Fennoscandian paleomagnetic database: compilation of palaeomagnetic directions and poles from the northern segment of the EGT. Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the European Geotraverse (EGT) Project: data compilations and synoptic interpretation 1989, 389-399.
67. Piper J.D.A. Palaeomagnetic study of the Swedish rapakivi suite: Proterozoic tectonics of the Baltic Shield. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1980, 46:443-461.
68. Piper J.D.A., Thomas D.N., Share S., Zhang Z.Q. The palaeomagnetism of (Mesoproterozoic) Eriksfjord Group red beds, South Greenland: multiphase remagnetization during the Gardar and Grenville episodes. Geophysical Journal International 1999, 136:739-756.
69. Pisarevsky S.A., Wingate M.T.D., Harris L.B. Late Mesoproterozoic (ca 1.2Ga) palaeomagnetism of the Albany-Fraser orogen: no pre-Rodinia Australia-Laurentia connection. Geophysical Journal International 2003, 155:F6-F11.
70. Pisarevsky S.A. New edition of the Global Paleomagnetic Database. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union 2005, 86:170.
71. Pisarevsky S.A., Bylund G. Palaeomagnetism of 935Ma mafic dykes in southern Sweden and implications for the Sveconorwegian Loop. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 166:1095-1104.
72. Pisarevsky S.A., Bylund G. Paleomagnetism of 1780-1770Ma mafic and composite intrusions of Småland (Sweden): implications for the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent. American Journal of Science 2010, 310:1168-1186.
73. Popov V.V., Khramov A.N., Bachtadse V. Palaeomagnetism, magnetic stratigraphy, and petromagnetism of the Upper Vendian sedimentary rocks in the sections of the Zolotitsa River and in the Verkhotina Hole, Winter Coast of the White Sea, Russia. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 2005, 7:1-29.
74. Roberts P.H., Stix M. α-Effect dynamos by the Bullard-Gellman formalism. Astronomy & Astrophysics 1972, 18:453-466.
75. Robertson W.A. Pole position from thermally cleaned Sibley Group sediments and its relevance to Proterozoic magnetic stratigraphy. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1973, 10:180-193.
76. Robertson W.A., Fahrig W.F. The Great Logan Paleomagnetic Loop - the Polar Wandering Path from Canadian Shield Rocks During the Neohelikian Era. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1971, 11:1355-1372.
77. Salminen J., Pesonen L.J., Mertanen S., Vuollo J., Airo M.-L. Palaeomagnetism of the Salla Diabase Dyke, northeastern Finland and its implication to the Baltica - Laurentia entity during the Mesoproterozoic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2009, 323:199-217.
78. Schmidt P.W., Williams G.E. Palaeomagnetism of the ejecta-bearing Bunyeroo Formation, late Neoproterozoic, Adelaide fold belt, and the age of the Acraman impact. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 144:347-357.
79. Schmidt P.W., Williams G.E. Reversal asymmetry in Mesoproterozoic overprinting of the 1.88-Ga Gunflint formation, Canada: non-dipole effects or apparent polar wander?. Tectonophysics 2003, 377:7-32.
80. Schmidt P.E., Williams G.E. Ediacaran palaeomagnetism and apparent polar wander path for Australia: no large true polar wander. Geophysical Journal International 2010, 182:711-726.
81. Schmidt P.E., Williams G.E., McWilliams M.O. Paleomagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of late Neoproterozoic strata, South Australia: Implications for the palaeolatitude of late Cryogenian glaciation, cap carbonate and the Ediacaran System. Precambrian Research 2009, 174:35-52.
82. Schneider D.A., Kent D.V. Inclination anomalies from Indian Ocean sediments and the possibility of a standing nondipole field. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 1988, 93:11621-11630.
83. Shatsillo A.V., Pavlov V.E., Didenko A.N. Paleomagnetism of Vendian rocks in the southwest of the Siberian platform. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 2006, 7:ES3006.
84. Smirnov A.V., Tarduno J.A., Evans D.A.D. Evolving core conditions ca, 2 billion years ago detected by paleosecular variation. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2011, 187:225-231.
85. Swanson-Hysell N.L., Maloof A.C., Weiss B.P., Evans D.A.D. No asymmetry in geomagnetic reversals recorded by 1.1-billion-year-old Keweenawan basalts. Nature Geoscience 2009, 2:713-717.
86. Tarduno J.A., Cottrell R.D., Watkeys M.K., Bauch D. Geomagnetic field strength 3.2 billion years ago recorded by single silicate crystals. Nature 2007, 446:657-660.
87. Tauxe L., Kodama K.P. Paleosecular variation models for ancient times: Clues from Keweenawan lava flows. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2009, 177:31-45.
88. Thomas D.N., Piper J.D.A. A revised magnetostratigraphy for the mid-Proterozoic Gardar lava succession, South Greenland. Tectonophysics 1992, 201:1-16.
89. Torsvik T.H., Van der Voo R., Preeden U., Mac Niocaill C., Steinberger B., Doubrovine P.V., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Domeier M., Gaina C., Tohver E., Meert J.G., McCausland P.J.A., Cocks L.R.M. Phanerozoic polar wander, palaeogeography and dynamics. Earth Science Reviews 2012, 114:325-368.
90. Upton B.G.J., Emeleus C.H., Heaman L.M., Goodenough K.M., Finch A.A. Magmatism of the Mid-Proterozoic Gardar Province, South Greenland: chronology, petrogenesis and geological setting. Lithos 2003, 68:43-65.
91. Veikkolainen T., Pesonen L.J., Evans D. PALEOMAGIA, a PHP/MYSQL paleomagnetic database for the Precambrian. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 2013, (in preparation).
92. Veikkolainen T., Pesonen L.J., Korhonen K., Evans D.A.D. On the low-inclination bias of the Precambrian geomagnetic field. Precambrian Research 2014, 244:23-32.
93. Van der Voo R. Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Oceans 1993, 411 pp. Cambridge University Press.
94. Weil A.B., Van der Voo R., MacNiocaill C., Meert J.G. The Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia: paleomagnetically derived reconstruction for 1100 to 800Ma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 154:13-24.
95. Wilson R.L. Permanent aspects of the Earth's nondipole magnetic field over upper Tertiary times. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1970, 19:417-437.
96. Wilson R.L. Paleomagnetic difference between normal and reversed field sources, and the problem of far-sided and right-handed pole positions. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1972, 28:295-304.