Contribution of impervious surfaces to urban evaporation

Water Resources Research

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 2889-2902

  Ramamurthy, P ^a   Bou Zeid, E ^a  

^a Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

impervious surfaces; scalar similarity; surface energy budget; urban canopy models; urban evapotranspiration; urban microclimatology

Indexed keywords

EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RAIN;

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE; SCALAR SIMILARITY; SURFACE ENERGY BUDGET; URBAN CANOPY MODELS; URBAN MICROCLIMATOLOGY;

URBAN TRANSPORTATION;

ENERGY BUDGET; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LATENT HEAT FLUX; MICROCLIMATE; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL; URBAN CLIMATE; WATER VAPOR;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84897351827     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: 19447973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013WR013909     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Asanuma, J., and, W. Brutsaert, (1999), The effect of chessboard variability of the surface fluxes on the aggregated turbulence fields in a convective atmospheric surface layer, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 91 (1), 37-50.
2. Aubinet, M., T. Vesala, and, D. Papale, (2012), Eddy Covariance: A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
3. Berthier, E., H. Andrieu, and, J. D. Creutin, (2004), The role of soil in the generation of urban runoff: Development and evaluation of a 2D model, J. Hydrol., 299 (3-4), 252-266.
4. Bornstein, R., and, Q. Lin, (2000), Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: Three case studies, Atmos. Environ., 34 (3), 507-516.
5. Brutsaert, W., (1982), Evaporation into the Atmosphere: Theory, History, and Applications, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
6. Brutsaert, W., (2005), Hydrology: An Introduction, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
7. Bueno, B., J. Hidalgo, G. Pigeon, L. Norford, and, V. Masson, (2013), Calculation of air temperatures above the urban canopy layer from measurements at a rural operational weather station, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 52 (2), 472-483.
8. Chen, F., H. Kusaka, R. Bornstein, J. Ching, C. Grimmond, S. Grossman Clarke, T. Loridan, K. W. Manning, A. Martilli, and, S. Miao, (2011), The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: Development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems, Int. J. Climatol., 31 (2), 273-288.
9. Christen, A., and, R. Vogt, (2004), Energy and radiation balance of a central European city, Int. J. Climatol., 24 (11), 1395-1421.
10. Coutts, A. M., J. Beringer, and, N. J. Tapper, (2007), Impact of increasing urban density on local climate: Spatial and temporal variations in the surface energy balance in Melbourne, Australia, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 46 (4), 477-493.
11. Crawford, B., C. S. B. Grimmond, and, A. Christen, (2011), Five years of carbon dioxide fluxes measurements in a highly vegetated suburban area, Atmos. Environ., 45 (4), 896-905.
12. Dias, N., (2013), Research on atmospheric turbulence by Wilfried Brutsaert and collaborators, Water Resour. Res., 49 (11), 7169-7184.
13. Dixon, P. G., and, T. L. Mote, (2003), Patterns and causes of Atlanta's urban heat island-initiated precipitation, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42 (9), 1273-1284.
14. Dupont, S., and, P. G. Mestayer, (2006), Parameterization of the urban energy budget with the submesoscale soil model, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 45 (12), 1744-1765.
15. Foken, T., M. Göockede, M. Mauder, and, L. Mahrt, (2005), Post-field data quality control, in Handbook of Micormeteorology, edited by X. Lee, W. J. Massman, B. Law, pp. 181-208, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
16. Grimmond, C. S. B., and, T. R. Oke, (1986), Urban water balance: 2. Results from a suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia, Water Resour. Res., 22 (10), 1404-1412.
17. Grimmond, C. S. B., and, T. R. Oke, (1991), An evapotranspiration- interception model for urban areas, Water Resour. Res., 27 (7), 1739-1755.
18. Grimmond, C. S. B., T. R. Oke, and, D. G. Steyn, (1986), Urban water balance: 1. A model for daily totals, Water Resour. Res., 22 (10), 1397-1403.
19. Grimmond, C. S. B., T. S. King, F. D. Cropley, D. J. Nowak, and, C. Souch, (2002), Local-scale fluxes of carbon dioxide in urban environments: Methodological challenges and results from Chicago, Environ. Pollut., 116 (1), S243-S254.
20. Grimmond, C. S. B., M. Blackett, M. Best, J. Barlow, J. Baik, S. Belcher, S. Bohnenstengel, I. Calmet, F. Chen, and, A. Dandou, (2010), The international urban energy balance models comparison project: First results from phase 1, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 49 (6), 1268-1292.
21. Grimmond, C. S. B., M. Blackett, M. J. Best, J. J. Baik, S. E. Belcher, J. Beringer, S. I. Bohnenstengel, I. Calmet, F. Chen, and, A. Coutts, (2011), Initial results from Phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison, Int. J. Climatol., 31 (2), 244-272.
22. Hamdi, R., and, G. Schayes, (2008), Sensitivity study of the urban heat island intensity to urban characteristics, Int. J. Climatol., 28 (7), 973-982.
23. Hanna, S., E. Marciotto, and, R. Britter, (2011), Urban energy fluxes in built-up downtown areas and variations across the urban area, for use in dispersion models, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 50 (6), 1341-1353.
24. Heusinkveld, B. G., A. F. G. Jacobs, and, A. A. M. Holtslag, (2008), Effect of open-path gas analyzer wetness on eddy covariance flux measurements: A proposed solution, Agric. For. Meteorol., 148 (10), 1563-1573.
25. Hsieh, C., G. Katul, and, T.-W. Chi, (2000), An approximate analytical model for footprint estimation of scalar fluxes in thermally stratified atmospheric flows, Adv. Water Resour., 23 (7), 765-772.
26. Järvi, L., C. S. B. Grimmond, and, A. Christen, (2011), The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver, J. Hydrol., 411 (3-4), 219-237.
27. Katul, G. G., R. Oren, S. Manzoni, C. Higgins, and, M. B. Parlange, (2012), Evapotranspiration: A process driving mass transport and energy exchange in the soil-plant-atmosphere-climate system, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG3002, doi: 10.1029/2011RG000366.
28. Kusaka, H., and, F. Kimura, (2004), Coupling a single-layer urban canopy model with a simple atmospheric model: Impact on urban heat island simulation for an idealized case, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 82 (1), 67-80.
29. Kusaka, H., H. Kondo, Y. Kikegawa, and, F. Kimura, (2001), A simple single-layer urban canopy model for atmospheric models: Comparison with multi-layer and slab models, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 101 (3), 329-358.
30. Lee, S.-H., and, S.-U. Park, (2008), A vegetated urban canopy model for meteorological and environmental modelling, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 126 (1), 73-102.
31. Lemonsu, A., V. Masson, and, E. Berthier, (2007), Improvement of the hydrological component of an urban soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer model, Hydrol. Processes, 21 (16), 2100-2111.
32. Lemonsu, A., A. Leroux, S. Belair, S. Trudel, and, J. Mailhot, (2008), A general methodology of urban land cover type classification for atmospheric modelling, CRTI scientific report number 02-0093RD, CRTI, Ottowa, Canada.
33. Leroyer, S., J. Mailhot, S. Bélair, A. Lemonsu, and, I. B. Strachan, (2010), Modeling the surface energy budget during the thawing period of the 2006 Montreal urban snow experiment, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 49 (1), 68-84.
34. Li, D., and, E. Bou-Zeid, (2011), Coherent structures and the dissimilarity of turbulent transport of momentum and scalars in the unstable atmospheric surface layer, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 140 (2), 243-262.
35. Li, D., and, E. Bou-Zeid, (2013), Synergistic interactions between urban heat islands and heat waves: The impact in cities is larger than the sum of its parts, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 52 (9), 2051-2064.
36. Li, D., E. Bou-Zeid, and, H. A. R. DeBruin, (2012), Monin-Obukhov similarity functions for the structure parameters of temperature and humidity, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 1-23.
37. Martilli, A., A. Clappier, and, M. W. Rotach, (2002), An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 104 (2), 261-304.
38. Masson, V., (2000), A physically-based scheme for the urban energy budget in atmospheric models, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 94 (3), 357-397.
39. Masson, V., C. Grimmond, and, T. R. Oke, (2002), Evaluation of the town energy balance (TEB) scheme with direct measurements from dry districts in two cities, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41 (10), 1011-1026.
40. Mills, G. M., (1993), Simulation of the energy budget of an urban canyon-I. Model structure and sensitivity test, Atmos. Environ., Part B, 27 (2), 157-170.
41. Mills, G. M., and, A. J. Arnfield, (1993), Simulation of the energy budget of an urban canyon-II. Comparison of model results with measurements, Atmos. Environ., Part B, 27 (2), 171-181.
42. Monteith, J. L., G. Szeicz, and, P. E. Waggoner, (1965), The measurement and control of stomatal resistance in the field, J. Appl. Ecol., 2 (2), 345-355.
43. Noilhan, J., and, S. Planton, (1989), A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117 (3), 536-549.
44. Nordbo, A., L. Järvi, S. Haapanala, and, J. Moilanen, (2013), Intra-city variation in urban morphology and turbulence structure in Helsinki, Finland, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 146, 469-496.
45. Offerle, B., C. S. B. Grimmond, K. Fortuniak, and, W. Pawlak, (2006), Intraurban differences of surface energy fluxes in a Central European City, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 45 (1), 125-136.
46. Oke, T. R., (1982), The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 108 (455), 1-24.
47. Penman, H., (1948), Natural evaporation from open water, hare soil and grass, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 193 (1032), 120-145.
48. Ramamurthy, R., E. Bou-Zeid, J. Smith, Z. Wang, M. Baeck, J. Hom, and, C. Welty, (2014), Influence of sub-facet heterogeneity and material properties on the urban surface energy budget, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., in press.
49. Richards, K., (2004), Observation and simulation of dew in rural and urban environments, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 28 (1), 76-94.
50. Ross, P., and, J. Parlange, (1994), Comparing exact and numerical solutions of Richards' equation for one-dimensional infiltration and drainage, Soil Sci., 157 (6), 341-344.
51. Rotach, M. W., et al. (2005), BUBBLE-A major effort in urban boundary layer meteorology, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 81 (3-4), 231-261.
52. Roth, M., and, T. R. Oke, (1995), Relative efficiencies of turbulent transfer of heat, mass, and momentum over a patchy urban surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1863-1874.
53. Rutter, A. J., K. A. Kershaw, P. C. Robins, and, A. J. Morton, (1972), A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests, 1. Derivation of the model from observations in a plantation of Corsican pine, Agric. Meteorol., 9, 367-384.
54. Ryu, Y.-H., J.-J. Baik, and, S.-H. Lee, (2011), A new single-layer urban canopy model for use in mesoscale atmospheric models, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 50 (9), 1773-1794.
55. Shepherd, J. M., (2005), A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommendations for the future, Earth Interact., 9 (12), 1-27.
56. Shuttleworth, W. J., (1978), A simplified one-dimensional theoretical description of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 14 (1), 3-27.
57. Vesala, T., L. Järvi, S. Launiainen, A. Sogachev, Ü. Rannik, I. Mammarella, E. Siivola, P. Keronen, J. Rinne, and, A. Riikonen, (2008), Surface-atmosphere interactions over complex urban terrain in Helsinki, Finland, Tellus, Ser. B, 60 (2), 188-199.
58. Wang, L., D. Li, Z. Gao, T. Sun, X. Guo, and, E. Bou-Zeid, (2014), Turbulent transport of momentum and scalars above an urban canopy, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 150 (3), 485-511, doi: 10.1007/s10546-013-9877-z.
59. Wang, Z., E. Bou-Zeid, and, J. A. Smith, (2011a), A spatially-analytical scheme for surface temperatures and conductive heat fluxes in urban canopy models, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 138 (2), 171-193.
60. Wang, Z., E. Bou-Zeid, S. K. Au, and, J. A. Smith, (2011b), Analyzing the sensitivity of WRF's single-layer urban canopy model to parameter uncertainty using advanced Monte Carlo simulation, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 50 (9), 1795-1814.
61. Wang, Z., E. Bou-Zeid, and, J. A. Smith, (2013), A coupled energy transport and hydrological model for urban canopies evaluated using a wireless sensor network, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 139 (675), 1643-1657.
62. Webb, E. K., G. I. Pearman, and, R. Leuning, (1980), Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106 (447), 85-100.
63. Wilzack, J., S. Oncely, and, S. Stage, (2001), Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 99, 127-150.