Respectable burial: Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery

Respectable Burial: Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-226

  Young, Brian ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

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EID: 84897339086     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
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References (313)

1. Robert W. Habenstein and William M. Lamers, The History of American Funeral Directing (Milwaukee: Bulfin, 1955), 411.
2. W. Slater Lewis, Royal Victoria Hospital, 1887-1947 (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1969), 116.
3. Montreal Star, 11 August 1934.
4. Alan Stewart, "Settlement, Commerce, and the Local Economy," in Opening the Gates of Eighteenth-Century Montreal, ed. Phyllis Lambert and Alan Stewart, (Montreal: Canadian Centre for Architecture, 1992), 46.
5. Risa Barkin and Ian Gentles, "Death in Victorian Toronto, 1850-1899," Urban History Review 19, no. 2 (1990): 20-1.
6. Michael Bliss, Plague: A Story of Smallpox in Montreal (Toronto: HarperCollins, 1991), 277.
7. Montreal Gazette, 31 January 1861.
8. Montreal Herald, 2 November 1816.
9. Charles Mappin, "The Evolution of Montreal's Cemetery Space from 1642 to the Present" (Master of Urban Planning, McGill University, 1995), 20.
10. Montreal Gazette, 16 September 1872.
11. Mappin, Evolution, 31, 28-29.
12. Murray Greenwood, Legacies of Fear: Law and Politics in Quebec in the Era of the French Revolution (Toronto: Osgoode Society, 1993), 6.
13. Montreal Gazette, 6 August 1960.
14. McCord Museum, McCord Papers, vol. 854, Protestant Burying Ground of Montreal, "1825 Rules." 20 MRC, Minutes, 5 August 1853.
15. James Berry, The Glasgow Necropolis (Glasgow: Glasgow City Council, 1985), 22.
16. J.M. LeMoine, Quebec Past and Present (Quebec: Coté, 1876), 441-42.
17. Dechène and Robert, "Le cholera," 236; cited in Walter Sendzik, "The 1832 Montreal Cholera Epidemic" (MA thesis, McGill University, 1997), 2.
18. Revised Statutes of the Province of Quebec, vol. I (Quebec, 1888), ss. 3847, 3848, 3070.
19. Geoffrey Bilson, A Darkened House: Cholera in Nineteenth-Century Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980), 36.
20. Montreal Transcript, 27 July 1847; 15 April 1847;
21. Jean-Rèmi Brault, Montreal au XIXe siede, (Montreal: Leméac, 1990), 138;
22. Other estimates put the burials in Point St Charles at 6,000. Anon, "Le Typhus de 1847," Revue Canadienne, 1898-99, 257.
23. Montreal Gazette, 19 May 1831.
24. Montreal Transcript, 1 September 1847;
25. Robert Prevost, Montreal: A History (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1993), 288.
26. Bilson, Darkened House, 117.
27. Montreal Transcript, 6 February 1847.
28. For the changing attitude to odour see Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odour and the Social Imagination (London: Papermac, 1996).
29. Cited in Colin Coates, "Monuments and Memories: The Evolution of British Columbian Cemeteries, 1850-1950," Material History Bulletin 25 (spring 1987): 12.
30. J. Jay Smith, Designs for Monuments and Mural Tablets Adapted to Rural Cemeteries, Church Yards, Churches, and Chapels (New York: Bartlett and Welford, 1846), 19, 5.
31. "An Act respecting the practice of Physics and Surgery, and the Study of Anatomy," Canada, Consolidated Statutes (1859).
32. R.D. Gidney and W.P.J. Millar, Professional Gentlemen:The Professions in Nineteenth-Century Ontario (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994), 156.
33. 36th Annual Report of the Montreal General Hospital, 1858; H.E. MacDermot, History of the Montreal General Hospital (Montreal: Montreal General Hospital, 1950), 15.
34. F.J. Shepherd, "Reminiscences of Student Days and Dissecting Room" (unpublished manuscript, 1919) 25; cited in Caroline Schoofs, unpublished history paper, McGill University, 1999.
35. Montreal Gazette 26, 28 January 1861.
36. McCord Papers, vol. 854, "Protestant Burying Ground of Montreal," handwritten note by John Samuel McCord, n.d.
37. McCord Papers, vol. 857, "Miscellaneous Reports re: Mount Royal Cemetery, Questions submitted by the committee of the Legislative Assembly, appointed to consider ... the necessity of legislating with regard to interment in large towns or their precincts" (1852).
38. See Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (NewYork: Knopf, 1992);
39. Mariana Valverde, The Age of Light, Soap, and Water: Moral Reform in English Canada, 1885-1925 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1991), 30.
40. William Wordsworth, "Lines Composed on the Banks of Wye Above Tintern Abbey." The Poetical Works of Wordsworth, ed. Paul Sheato (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982), 92.
41. Quoted in Leonore Davidoffand Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850 (London: Hutchison, 1987), 409.
42. Boston Athaneum, "Mount Auburn Cemetery Circular" (Boston, 1832).
43. Downing cited in David Schuyler, "The Evolution of the Anglo-American Rural Cemetery: Landscape Architecture as Social and Cultural History," fournal of Garden History, 4, no. 3 (1985): 595;
44. H. Dearborn, A Concise History of and Guide through Mount Auburn (Boston, 1843), 1.
45. Mary Macaulay Allodi and Rosemarie L.Tovell, An Engraver'ss Pilgrimage:fames Smillie in Quebec, 1821-1830 (Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1989), xix;
46. Mount Auburn Illustrated in Highly Finished Line Engravings from Drawings Taken on the Spot with Descriptive Notices (New York, 1847);
47. James Smillie, Green-Wood Illustrated (New York, 1847).
48. Paul King, "A Brief History of the Cataraqui Cemetery," Historic Kingston 28 (1979): 11-24.
49. Linden-Ward, Silent City, 199.
50. Smith, Designs for Monuments, 7.
51. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, cited in Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999). 133
52. Montreal Gazette, 7 June 1846.
53. William Westfall, Two Worlds: The Protestant Culture of Nineteenth-Century Ontario (Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1989), 195.
54. See T.W. Acheson, Saint fohn: The Making of a Colonial Community (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985);
55. Saint fohn Rural Cemetery Company: Act of Incorporation (Saint John: W.L. Avery, 1848), 5.
56. Roy Bourgeois, "La commercialisation de la mort à Moncton, 1856-1914" (PhD diss., Université Laval, 1999), 166.
57. Montreal Gazette, 30 January 1846.
58. MRC, "Circular of 24 October 1846 by Joshua Pelton." 10 Montreal Transcript, 11 January 1847.
59. Montreal Gazette, 23 June 1846
60. Montreal Gazette, 6 July 1846
61. Montreal Gazette, 7 April 1851
62. MRC Annual Report, 1852.
63. MRC Annual Report, 1853.
64. MRC Annual Report, 1865.
65. Annual Report, 1874. For the use of national memory see Pierre Nora, ed., Les lieux de memoire (Paris: Gallimard, 1997), 2: 1729-54
66. MRC Annual Report, April 1858;
67. Montreal Gazette, 1 March 1861.
68. Smith, Designs for Monuments, 18.
69. MRC Annual Report, 1853.
70. Mount Royal Cemetery Company Acts of Incorporation and By-Laws (Montreal: Bentley and Co., 1879), 34-8.
71. Sloane, Last Great Necessity, 207-8.
72. "By Laws of the Montreal Cemetery Company as amended," in Minutes, vol. 2, 1852.
73. Règlement concernant le Cimetière de Notre-Dame-des-Neiges (Montreal: Beauchemin and Valois, Libraires-Imprimeurs, 1877).
74. John Langford, The Stranger's Illustrated Guide to the City of Montreal (Montreal: Chisholm, 1868).
75. McCord Museum, McCord Papers, vol. 855, "Regulations concerning Visitors to the Mount Royal Cemetery" (1852).
76. MRC Annual Report, 1886.
77. MRC Annual Report, 1854.
78. MRC Annual Report, 1855. See also McCord Museum, McCord Papers, J.S. McCord diary, 3 April 1854. The other means of identifying a grave site outside the free ground was by consulting records in the cemetery office.
79. MRC Annual Report, 1894.
80. Annual Report of the St Andrew's Society of Montreal (Montreal, 1867), 5-6.
81. William Orme McRobie, Fighting the Flames, or Twenty-SevenYears in the Montreal Fire Brigade (Montreal:Witness Printing House, 1881), 29.
82. For the early years of the fire brigade see Huguette Charron and Françoise Lewis, Les débuts d'un Chef Zéphirin Benoit. La naissance d'une ville, Saint-Henri 1875-1888 (Montreal: Private Publication, 2000).
83. Bryan Palmer, Working Class Experience: Rethinking the History of Canadian Labour, 1800-1991 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992), 128;
84. Lynne Marks, Revivals and Roller Rinks: Religion, Leisure, and Identity in Late-Nineteenth-Century Small-Town Ontario (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996), 117.
85. MRC Annual Report, 1868.
86. David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 84.
87. MRC Annual Report, 1896.
88. MRC Annual Report, 1906.
89. MRC Annual Report, 1868.
90. Janice Harvey, "The Protestant Orphan Asylum and the Montreal Ladies Benevolent Society: A Case Study in Protestant Child Charity" (PhD diss., McGill University, 2001).
91. Richard Allen, The Social Gospel: Religion and Social Reform in Canada, 1914-28 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973).
92. Thomas Laqueur, "Bodies, Death and Pauper Funerals," Representations 1, no. 1 (1983): 120.
93. Montreal Gazette, 11 February 1936.
94. Collard, The Irish Way.The History of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society (Montreal: Price-Patterson, 1992), 57; Annual Report of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society of Montreal (Montreal, 1889).
95. Denise Helly, Les Chinois de Montreal, 1877-1951 (Quebec: IQRC, 1987), 278;
96. for the eugenics movement in Montreal, see Angus McLaren, Our Own Master Race: Eugenics in Canada, 1885-1945 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1990), 24-5.
97. Peter S. Li, The Chinese in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1988), 59;
98. for racism see Constance Backhouse, Colour Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999) 132-72.
99. The Favorite, 3 May 1873, 269.
100. Helly, Les Chinois, 173.
101. MRC Annual Report, 1875, 1877.
102. McCord Museum, McCord Papers, vol. 855, "Regulations concerning visitors to the Mount Royal Cemetery," November 1852;
103. vol. 857, "Misc. Reports re; Mt. Royal Cemetery," Rules of Mount Auburn Cemetery.
104. MRC Annual Report, 1864.
105. Ashton Oxenden, The History of My Life (London: Green, 1891), 177-8.
106. John Langford, The Stranger's Illustrated Guide to the City of Montreal (Montreal: Chisholm, 1868);
107. Adrien Leblond de Brumath, Guide de Montréal et de ses environs (Montreal: Granger, 1897), 72;
108. The Traveler's Guide for Montreal and Quebec (Montreal, 1861), 9;
109. The Albion Hotel Visitor's Guide to Montreal and River St Lawrence (Montreal: Decker, Stearns and Murray, n.d.), 15.
110. Chaarlotte Hutt, City of the Dead:The Story of Glasgow's Southern Necropolis (Glasgow: Glasgow City Libraries and Archives, 1996), 21.
111. Montreal Gazette, 31 January 1851
112. McCord Papers, vol. 855, "Regulations concerning visitors to the Mount Royal Cemetery," November 1852.
113. MRC Annual Report, 1864.
114. "A Proprietor," Montreal Gazette, 23 May 1865.
115. MRC Minutes, 1 June 1876; for the importance of moral regulation see Mariana Valverde, The Age of Light, Soap, and Water: Moral Reform in English Canada, 1885-1925 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1991).
116. Montreal Gazette, 6 November 1865; McCord Papers, vol. 420, diary, 21 September 1863.
117. Cited in Edgar Andrew Collard, "Garden in the Sun" (unpublished ms), Phase II, 8.
118. Montreal Gazette, 10 September, 3 December 1866.
119. Montreal Daily Witness, n September 1912.
120. Montreal Gazette, 2 May 1877.
121. Hereward Senior, Orangeism:The Canadian Phase (Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 47, 62.
122. Montreal Daily Star, 16 July 1877.
123. Senior, Orangeism, 76
124. Montreal Daily Star, 16 July 1877.
125. Montreal Gazette, 24 December 1866. Three generations of the family of cemetery president McCord were prominent masons.
126. Peter DeLottinville, "Joe Beef of Montreal: Working-Class Culture and the Tavern, 1869-1889," Labour/Le Travailleur 8/9 (Autumn/Spring 1981/82), 23.
127. Montreal Gazette, 19 January 1889;
128. Montreal Star, 16, 18 January 1889;
129. Montreal Herald, 16 January 1889.
130. Robert Ross, Status and Respectability in the Cape Colony, 1750-1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 25.
131. Montreal Gazette, 19 January 1889;
132. Montreal Star, 16, 18 January 1889;
133. Montreal Herald, 16 January 1889.
134. Montreal Cemetery Company (Montreal: D. Bentley and Co., 1879), 40-1.
135. McCord Museum, McCord Papers, vol. 855, "Regulations concerning visitors to to the Mount Royal Cemetery," November 1852.
136. McCord Papers, vol. 855, "Mount Royal Cemetery, Conditions, Limitations and Privileges," 1852.
137. Monireal Gazette, 17 July 1856.
138. Montreal Directory (Montreal: John Lovell, 1851);
139. Lovell's Business Directory, 1877-8, 215.
140. Montreal Gazette, 29 June 1864.
141. J.Jay Smith, Designs for Monuments and Mural Tablets Adapted to Rural Cemeteries, Church Yards, Churches, and Chapels (New York: Bartlett and Welford, 1846), 14.
142. MRC Annual Report, 1880.
143. McCord Papers, vol. 855, "Regulations concerning visitors."
144. Smith, Designs for Monuments, 14; authors interview with Brian Treggett, superintendent of Mount Hermon Cemetery, 10 April 2000.
145. MRC Annual Report, 1893.
146. Smith, Designs for Monuments, 24.
147. MRC Annual Report, 1905.
148. "Superintendent's Report," Annual Report, 1899.
149. "Report of Landscape Architect and General Superintendent," in MRC Annual Report, 1915.
150. "Report of Manager John F. Roy, 3 February 1930," in MRC Annual Report, 1930.
151. "Superintendent's Report," MRC Annual Report, 1899.
152. MRC Annual Report, 1899, 1904.
153. "Superintendent's Report," in MRC Annual Report, 1908.
154. MRC Annual Report, 1908.
155. "Superintendent's Report," in MRC Annual Report, 1918.
156. MRC Annual Report, 1919; Minutes, 9-12 November 1918.
157. John Langford, The Stranger's Illustrated Guide to the City of Montreal (Montreal: C.R. Chisholm, 1868).
158. Canadian Horticultural Magazine, November 1898, 193.
159. "Report of the Landscape Architect, 1 February 1935," MRC Annual Report, 1935.
160. David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), in.
161. MRC Annual Report, 1899.
162. MRC Annual Report, 1899.
163. See Sarah Schmidt, "'Private' Acts in 'Public' Spaces: Parks in Turn-of-the-Century Montreal," in Tamara Myers et al., eds., Power, Place and Identity: Historical Studies of Social and Legal Regulation in Quebec (Montreal: Montreal History Group, 1998), 129-50.
164. "Progress of Rural Cemeteries," Park and Cemetery and Landscape Garden 33, no. 9 (1923): 234
165. MRC Annual Report, 1890.
166. MRC Annual Report, 1890.
167. MRC Annual Report, 1906.
168. MRC Annual Report, 1909.
169. "Superintendent's Report," MRC Annual Report, 1906.
170. "Report of the Landscape Architect, 1 February 1945," MRC Annual Report, 1945.
171. Montreal Gazette, 21 June 1908.
172. MRC Annual Report, 1918.
173. Montreal Gazette, 2 February 1934.
174. MRC Annual Report, 1912.
175. MRC Annual Report, 1910.
176. MRC Annual Report, 1914.
177. Montreal Gazette, 11 February 1936.
178. Montreal Gazette, 11 March 1955.
179. MRC Annual Report, 1915.
180. Mallarmé, Collected Poems (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 53.
181. "Superintendent's Report, 19 December 1899," MRC Annual Report, 1899
182. MRC Annual Report, 1899;
183. "Superintendent's Report," Annual Report, 1906.
184. "Report of the Landscape Architect," Annual Report 1917, 1919.
185. "Report of the Landscape Architect" Annual Report, 1945
186. "Report of the Landscape Architect," Annual Report, 1954.
187. "Superintendent's Report," Annual Report, 1906.
188. "Report of the Landscape Architect," Annual Report, 1932.
189. "Report of the Landscape Architect," Annual Report, 1925.
190. "Report of the Landscape Architect," Annual Report, 1945.
191. "Report of the Landscape Architect," Annual Report, 1935.
192. Annual Report, 1898.
193. Montreal Gazette, 3 August 2002.
194. Kenneth Macleod, Report on the Burial Grounds in Glasgow (Glasgow: Anderson, 1876), 44.
195. See, for example, William Tegg, The Last Act (London, 1876), and the Canadian Illustrated News, 5 December 1874.
196. James Farrell, Inventing the American Way of Death, 1830-1920, (Philadelphia:Temple University Press, 1986), 164.
197. Hugo Erichsen, The Cremation of the Dead Considered from an Aesthetic, Sanitary, Religious, Historical, Medico-Legal, and Economical Standpoint (Detroit: DO. Haynes, 1887), 50.
198. Cremation: Its History, Practice and Advantages (Montreal:Mount Royal Cemetery Company Crematorium, 1902), 12.
199. Robert Nicol, At the End of the Road: Government, Society, and the Disposal of Human Remains in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century (London: St Leonard's Allen and Union, 1994), 172.
200. Augustus Cobb, Earth-burial and Cremation. The History of Earth-burial with Its Attendant Evils, and the Advantage Offered by Cremation (New York: Putnam's, 1892), 88.
201. Erichsen, Cremation of the Dead, 229-30.
202. Cobb, Earth-burial and Cremation, 132.
203. Nicol, At the End of the Road, 81.
204. "Crematoria in Great Britain and Abroad," Canadian Architect and Builder 19, no. 4 (1906): 52.
205. Stephen Prothero, Purified by Fire: A History of Cremation in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 165.
206. Erichsen, Cremation of the Dead, 251;
207. Cobb, Earth-burial and Cremation, 157, 159;
208. Prothero, Purified by Fire, 131-2;
209. Macleod, Report, 44.
210. Cobb, Earth-burial and Cremation, 161.
211. Mariana Valverde, The Age of Light, Soap, and Water: Moral Reform in English Canada, 1885-1925 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1991), 46.
212. Macleod, Report, 44.
213. Prothero, Purified by Fire, 119.
214. Erichsen, Cremation of the Dead, 138-9.
215. Cited in David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 145.
216. George A. Baynes, Disposal of the Dead: By Land, by Water, or by Fire (Montreal:Witness Printing House, 1875), 925
217. Shirley E.Woods Jr, The Molson Saga, 1763-1983 (Toronto: Doubleday, 1983), 191.
218. Annual Report, 1896.
219. Prothero, Purified by Fire, 75;
220. C.J. Cuming, A History of Anglican Liturgy (London: St Martins Press, 1969), 89;
221. Louise A.Winton, ed., Handbook of Burial Rites (Toronto: Commemorative Services of Ontario, 1985).
222. Woods, Molson Saga, 190.
223. Montreal Daily Star, 1 June 1898.
224. "Superintendent's Report," Annual Report, 1899.
225. Cited in Donald Roy, "The History and Growth of Cremation in Canada" (paper delivered to Cremation Association of North America, 1980), 6.
226. George Durdy "The Cremation Movement in Canada," Canadian Cemetery Service, June 1958, 2.
227. Cited in Sebastien St-Onge, L'industrie de la mort, (Quebec: Editions Nota bene, 2001), 29-30. My translation.
228. Roy, "History and Growth," 2.
229. Cremation: Its History, Practice and Advantages (Montreal: Mount Royal Cemetery Company Crematorium, 1902), 6;
230. MRC Crematorium Minutes, 1905.
231. See, for example, Ormiston Roy in Montreal Gazette, 2 February 1934.
232. Cremation: Its History, 20-21;
233. Le Petit Journal, 27 February 1938.
234. MRC Crematorium Minutes, 28 March, 16 September 1960.
235. Sloane, The Last Great Necessity, 228.
236. MRC Crematorium Minutes, 2 December 1918.
237. Montreal Gazette, 1 October 1951.
238. MRC Crematorium Minutes, 2 December 1918.
239. "Report of Landscape Architect," Annual Report, 1936.
240. Montreal Gazette, 5 February 1949.
241. Montreal Herald, 23 May 1914;
242. Le Petit Journal, 18 July 1965;
243. MRC Crematorium Minutes, 1 January 1965.
244. Montreal Gazette, 2 February 1934.
245. Montreal Gazette, 5 February 1949;
246. MRC Crematorium Minutes, 2 December 1918.
247. "Législation et directives concernant l'incinération. Document approuvé par le Comité exécutif de l'A.E.Q.," L'Eglise Canadienne 9, no. 7 (1976): 196-7;
248. Louise A. Winton, ed., Handbook of Burial Rites (Toronto: Commemorative Services of Ontario, 1985), 8.
249. Calculations by Brian Fitzgerald, "The Roman Catholic Church and Its Reaction to Cremation at Mount Royal Cemetery" (unpublished essay, McGill University, 1998).
250. Pierre Nora, ed., Les lieux de memoire (Paris: Gallimard, 1997) vol. 2.
251. Montreal Gazette, 15 April 1942.
252. La Presse, 25 May 1940.
253. Montreal Star, 24 May 1902, 20 October 1937.
254. Montreal Gazette, 28 December 1908.
255. For the Last Post Fund see Serge Marc Durflinger, Lest We Forget: A History of the Last Post Fund, 1909-1999 (Montreal: Last Post Fund, 2000).
256. David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 233;
257. cited in Durflinger, Lest We Forget, 19.
258. MRC Annual Report, 1918.
259. Nora ed., Les lieux de memoire, 1775.
260. Cited in Jonathan Vance, Death So Noble: Memory, Meaning, and the First World War (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997) 100.
261. Vance, Death So Noble, 63;
262. "Trustees' Report," February 1917, Canadian Patriotic Fund to Secretary, Mount Royal Cemetery, 9 February 1915, included in MRC Minutes, 9 February 1915.
263. MRC Annual Report, February 1918.
264. Vance, Death So Noble, 60-1.
265. Gibson and Ward, Courage Remembered, 67.
266. "Report of Landscape Architect and General Manager," MRC Annual Report, 1922.
267. "Report of Landscape Architect and General Manager," MRC Annual Report, 1923.
268. Gibson and Ward, Courage Remembered, 81, 83
269. Durflinger, Lest We Forget, 19.
270. "Report of Landscape Architect and General Manager," MRC Annual Report, 1923.
271. David Charles Stone, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 183-4.
272. "Report of Landscape Architect and General Manager," MRC Annual Report, 1925.
273. Mappin, "The Evolution of Montreal's Cemetery Space from 1642 to the Present" (Master of Urban Planning, McGill University, 1995), 53;
274. Collard, "Garden," phase 111, 23;
275. Montreal Gazette, 15 April 1942. In 1944 as part of a road- improvement project, the City of Montreal purchased the Papineau Military Cemetery.The $35,000 purchase price was used by the Last Post Fund to transfer remains to Pointe Claire.
276. "Report of the Landscape Architect," MRC Annual Report 1934;
277. Vance, Death So Noble, 70.
278. Vance, Death So Noble, 70.
279. David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 238-9.
280. Sloane, Last Great Necessity, 222.
281. "Report of the Landscape Architect," MRC Annual Report, 1932.
282. "Pensions Plan for Employees," 15 November 1955, included in MRC Minutes, 1955.
283. MRC Minutes, 9 June 1953.
284. Sloane, Last Great Necessity, 208.
285. MRC Annual Report, 1967.
286. MRC Annual Report, 1977.
287. MRC Annual Report, 1978.
288. J.I. Cooper, Montreal: A Brief History (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1969), 124, 177.
289. Simon Langlois, La société québécoise en tendances, 1960-1990 (Quebec: Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1990), 351-
290. Peter Stathopoulos, The Greek Community of Montreal (Athens: National Centre of Social Research, 1971), 25.
291. "Report of Landscape Architect" MEC Annual Report, 1920, 1931.
292. "Report of Landscape Architect," MEC Annual Report, 1937, 1938.
293. MRC Annual Report, 1977.
294. Montreal Gazette, n January 1955.
295. Leandre Bergeron, The History of Quebec: A Patriote's Handbook (Toronto: NC Press, 1971), iv.
296. La Presse, 8 August 1979.
297. La Presse, 1 February 1980. My translation.
298. Montreal Gazette, 18 October 1952
299. Montreal Gazette 17 June 1954.
300. Le cimetière Mont-Royal. Un jardin pour la vie (Montreal: Williams, Asselin, Ackaoui et Associés, 1995), 30.
301. Field Guide to the Birds of North America (Washington: National Geographic Society, 1992) 14.
302. Michael Bliss, Northern Enterprise: Five Centuries of Canadian Business (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1987;
303. Pierre Berton, The National Dream: The Great Railway, 1871-1881 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1970).
304. Stanley Haidaz, House of Commons, Debates, 30 May 1973, 4264;
305. for the White Paper statement see Pierre Mayrand, "A New Concept in Museology in Quebec," Muse 11, no. 1 (1984): 3325 "Economusée" (Quebec: Société internationale des entreprises Economusée, n.d).
306. Cited in Sébastien St-Onge, L'industrie de la mort (Quebec: Édition Note bene, 2001), 53. My translation.
307. "Consolidation of Funeral Enterprises" unpublished report, Mount Royal Cemetery, 20 October 1998.
308. Thomas Lynch, "Last Rites," Harper's Magazine, June 2000, 168.
309. "Consolidation of Funeral Expenses."
310. St-Onge, L'industrie de la mort, 61, 127.
311. "Consolidation of Funeral Enterprises."
312. www.mountroyalcem.com
313. MRC Annual Report, 1989.