Trade barriers to the public good: Free trade and environmental protection

Trade Barriers to the Public Good: Free Trade and Environmental Protection

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-419

  Michalos, Alex ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897299670     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (370)

1. Abbott, F.M., 2000. "The political economy of nafta Chapter 11: Equality before the law and the boundaries of North American integration." Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 23: 303-9.
2. Abouchar, J.A. and R.J. King, 1999. "Environmental laws as expropriation under nafta." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 8(2): 209-14.
3. Abraham, B. and J.F. Lawless, 1995. Analysis of 1988 and 1992-93 Ethyl Corporation Test Fleet HC and NOx Emissions. Waterloo: Institute for Improvement in Quality and Productivity, University of Waterloo.
4. Adler, U. (ed.), 1995. Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems. Stuttgart: Robert Bosch Gmbh.
5. AIT 1998a. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act, Submission by the Complaining Party, The Government of Alberta, Supporting Documents, Volumes 1 and 2.
6. AIT 1998b. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act, Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
7. AIT 2002. Agreement on Internal Trade. http//www.intrasec.mb.ca/eng/it.htm.
8. AIT Hearings 1998a. The Agreement on Internal Trade, Article 1704 Panel Hearings Concerning a Dispute between Alberta and Canada regarding the Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act, Volume 1. Wednesday, 15 April 1998.
9. AIT Hearings 1998b. The Agreement on Internal Trade, Article 1704 Panel Hearings Concerning a Dispute between Alberta and Canada regarding the Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act, Volume 1A. Wednesday, 15 April 1998.
10. AIT Hearings 1998c. The Agreement on Internal Trade, Article 1704 Panel Hearings Concerning a Dispute between Alberta and Canada regarding the Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act, Volume 2. Thursday, 16 April 1998.
11. Albo, G., 1994. "'Competitive austerity' and the impasse of capitalist employment policy." In R. Miliband and L. Panitch (eds), Between Globalism and Nationalism: The Socialist Register 1994. London: Merlin Press.
12. Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 2002a. MMT Program Part 1 Report. July 29. www.autoalliance.org.
13. Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 2002b. MMT Program Part 2 Report. July 29. www.autoalliance.org.
14. Alliance for Responsible Trade et al., 1999. Alternatives for the Americas:Building a People's Hemispheric Agreement. Ottawa and Don Mills: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and Common Frontiers.
15. Allison, J.R., 1986. "Arbitration of private antitrust claims in international trade:A study in the subordination of national interests to the demands of a world market." New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 18(2):361-439.
16. Appleton, B., 1994. Navigating NAFTA: A Concise User's Guide to the North American Free Trade Agreement. Scarborough, Ontario: Carswell.
17. Appleton, B., 1996. Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration under Section B of Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, Ethyl Corporation (Investor) v. Government of Canada (Party). September 10.
18. Appleton, B., 1997a. Notice of Arbitration Under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and the North American Free Trade Agreement Between Ethyl Corporation (Claimant/Investor) v. Government of Canada (Respondent/Party). April 14.
19. Appleton, B., 1997b. Statement of Claim Between Ethyl Corporation (Claimant/Investor) v. Government of Canada (Respondent/Party). October 2.
20. Aristotle, 1925. Ethica Nichomachea. W.D. Ross (trans). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
21. Asik, J.R. and D. Anglin, 1997. "Spark knock." McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 176-8.
22. Audley, J., 2002. "Environment's new role in u.s. trade policy." Trade, Equity and Development 3: 1-8, September. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
23. Audley, J., D.G. Papademetriou, S. Polaski, and S. Vaughan, 2003. NAFTA's Promise and Reality: Lessons from Mexico for the Hemisphere. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Accessed at www.ceip.org/pubs.
24. Baier, G., 2003. "The law of federalism: judicial review and the division of powers." In F. Rocher and M. Smith (eds), New Trends in Canadian Federalism. Peterborough: Broadview Press. 111-34.
25. Benson, J.D. and G. Dana, 2002. "The impact of mmt gasoline additive on exhaust emissions and fuel economy of low emission vehicles (lev)." SAE Technical Paper Series, 2002-01-2894.
26. Bentham, J., 1789. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Oxford.
27. Bernstein, S., 2002. The Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism. New York:Columbia University Press.
28. Bernstein, S., and N. Cashore, 2002. "Globalization, internationalization, and liberal environmentalism: Exploring non-domestic sources of influence on Canadian environmental policy." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy Context and Cases. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 212-32.
29. Bhuie, A.K. and D.N. Roy, 2001. "Deposition of Mn from automotive combustion of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl beside the major highways in the greater Toronto area, Canada." Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 51: 1288-301.
30. Boardman, R., 2002. "Milk-and-potatoes environmentalism: Canada and the turbulent world of international law." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy: Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 190-211.
31. Böckstiegel, K.-H., C.N. Brower, and M. Lalonde, 1998. Award on Jurisdiction in the NAFTA/UNCITRAL Case between Ethyl Corporation (Claimant) and the Government of Canada (Respondent) before the Tribunal consisting of Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel (Chairman), Mr. Charles N. Brower (Arbitrator), Mr. Marc Lalonde (Arbitrator). June 24.
32. Braadbaart, O., 1998. "American bias in environmental economics: Industrial pollution abatement and 'incentives versus regulations'." Environmental Politics 7(2): 134-52.
33. Breton, A., 1995. "A comment." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto:C.D. Howe Institute. 90-4.
34. Brouillard, C.F., 1995a. Letter to the Honourable Sheila Copps. February 1. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
35. Brouillard, C.F., 1995b. Letter to the Honourable Sheila Copps. February 15. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
36. Brower, C.N., 1994. "Evidence before international tribunals: The need for some standard rules." The International Lawyer 28(1): 47-58.
37. Brower, C.N., and L.A. Steven, 2001. "Who then should judge?: Developing the international rule of law under nafta Chapter 11." Chicago Journal of International Law 2: 193-202.
38. Canada 1998. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act, Submission of the Respondent Party, The Government of Canada. January 26.
39. CCME 1991. Statement of Interjurisdictional Cooperation on Environmental Matters. Winnipeg: ccme.
40. CCME 2002a. About CCME. http//www.ccme.ca/le_about/le.htm. January 31.
41. CCME 2002b. A Canada-Wide Accord on Environmental Harmonization. http//www.ccme.ca/3e_priorities/3ea_harmonization/3ea1_accord/3eal.htm. February 5.
42. CCME 2002c. CCME History. Winnipeg: ccme.
43. CCMA 2001. "nafta investor rights plus: An analysis of the draft investment chapter of the ftaa." Briefing Paper Series: Trade and Investment 2(5): 1-12. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
44. CEPA 1999. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. http//laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-15.31/text.htrr.
45. Chatterjee, P. and M. Finger, 1994. The Earth Brokers. New York: Routledge.
46. Chibueze, R.O., 2001. "The adoption and application of the Model Law in Canada: Post-Arbitration Challenge." Journal of International Arbitration 18(2): 191-209.
47. Clarke, H.A., 1997. Affidavit of H.A. (Tony) Clarke: Ontario Court (General Division) between Ethyl Canada Inc. (Plaintiff) and the Attorney General of Canada and the Minister of the Environment (Defendants). August 28.
48. Clarke, H.A., and M. Barlow, 1998. MAI Round 2: New Global and Internal Threats to Canadian Sovereignty. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing.
49. Clarkson, S., 2002a. Uncle Sam and Us: Globalization, Neoconservatism, and the Canadian State. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
50. Clarkson, S., 2002b. "Systemic or surgical? Possible cures for nafta's investor-state dispute process." Canadian Business Law Journal 36(3): 368-87.
51. Clarkson, S., 2003. Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Between: The Council of Canadians, and Dale Clark, Deborah Bourque, and George Kuehnbaum on their own behalf and on behalf of all members of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers (Applicants) and Her Majesty in Right of Canada, as Represented by the Attorney General of Canada (Respondents), Affidavit, Court File No. 01-CV-208141. May.
52. Clendenning, E.W. and R.J. Clendenning, 1999. A Comparative Study of the Structure, General Rules, Dispute Settlement Mechanisms and Sectoral Provisions of the Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT) with those of the NAFTA and WTO Agreements. Ottawa: Internal Trade, Consultations and Federal-Provincial Relations, Industry Canada).
53. Coase, R.H., 1960. "The problem of social cost." The Journal of Law and Economics 3: 1-44.
54. Coe, J.J., 2002. "Domestic court control of investment awards: Necessary evil or Achilles heel within nafta and the proposed ftaa?" Journal of International Arbitration 19(3): 185-207.
55. Cohen, D., 1995. "The Internal Trade Agreement: Furthering the Canadian economic disunion." Canadian Business Law Journal 25(2): 257-79.
56. Commission on Lead in the Environment 1985. Lead in Gasoline: A Review of the Canadian Policy Issue, Interim Report. September 30. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada.
57. Commission on Lead in the Environment 1986. Lead in the Canadian Environment: Science and Regulation, Final Report. September. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada.
58. Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development 2001. Petition No. 32 - Fuel additive MMT. http//www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/domino/petition...iewe1.0/704b3377e8ca0cb285256c5600689a6. Accessed 4 November 2003.
59. Copeland, B., 1998. Interprovincial Barriers to Trade: An Updated Review of the Evidence. Victoria: bc Ministry of Employment and Investment.
60. Copps, S., 1994. Letter to Mr. Toshio Kunii, President Toyota Canada Inc. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
61. Cordes, M., 1997. "Leapfrogging the Constitution: the rise of State takings legislation." Ecology Law Quarterly 24(2): 187-242.
62. Cosbey, A., 2004. A Capabilities Approach to Trade and Sustainable Development: Using Sen's Conception of Development to Re-examine the Debates. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
63. Court 1995. United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 94-1505, Ethyl Corporation, Petitioner v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al., Respondents, American Automobile Manufacturers Association, Ferroalloys Association, Intervenors, On Petition for Review of an Order of the Environmental Protection Agency. Argued 13 January 1995; Decided 14 April 1995.
64. Cox, R.W., 1987. Production, Power and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History. New York: Columbia University Press.
65. CPPI 1994a. Letter to Ms. Maureen Kempston-Darkes. October 26. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
66. CPPI 1994b. Letter to the Honourable Sheila Copps. November 11. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
67. CPPI Technical Task Force 1995. Review of MMT Claims made by MVMA, AIAMC and Ethyl. Ottawa: cppi. February 28.
68. Cruz, M.A.G. and R. Schwentesius, 2003. "nafta's impact on Mexican agriculture: an overview." In K. Hansen-Kuhn and S. Hellinger (eds), Lessons from NAFTA: The High Cost of "Free Trade." Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. 49-63.
69. de Champlain, P., 2004. Mobsters, Gangsters and Men of Honour. Toronto:Harper-Collins Publishers Ltd.
70. de Mestral, A., 1995. "A comment." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto:C.D. Howe Institute. 95-7.
71. Desjardins, M., 1995. Briefing Note on Removal of MMT from Gasoline in Canada. March 1. Transport Canada.
72. Dewar, E., 1997. "Breathless (What's wrong with the air in Toronto?)." Toronto Life 31(2): 50-9.
73. Dezalay, Y. and B.G. Garth, 1996. Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Construction of a Transnational Legal Order. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
74. Dobbin, M., 2007. "Elite's 'deep integration' plot coming out of the shadows." The CCPA Monitor 14(3): 1, 6.
75. Doern, G.B. and M. MacDonald, 1999. Free-Trade Federalism: Negotiating the Canadian Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
76. Doern, G.B. and B.W. Tomlin, 1992. Faith and Fear: The Free Trade Story. Toronto:Stoddart Publishing.
77. Drache, D., 1993. "Assessing the benefits of free trade." In R. Grinspun and M.A. Cameron (eds), The Political Economy of North American Free Trade. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. 73-88.
78. Duhem, P., 1906. La Théorie physique: Son objêt et sa structure. Paris: Chevalier et Rivière.
79. DuPuy, R.K. (ed.), 2000. Fuel Systems and Emission Controls. Sunnyvale, California: Chek-Chart.
80. Durbin, P.T. (ed.), 1980. The Culture of Science, Technology and Medicine. New York: The Free Press.
81. Easson, A., 1995. "Harmonization of legislation: Some comparisons between the Agreement on Internal Trade and the eec Treaty." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute. 119-50.
82. Eggleton, A.C., 1996. Letter to The Honourable Sergio Marchi, p.c. February 23. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission by the Complaining Party, The Government of Alberta, Supporting Documents, Volume 2.
83. Eklund, C.D., 1994. "A primer on the arbitration of nafta Chapter Eleven investor-State disputes." Journal of International Arbitration 11(4):135-71.
84. EPA 1999. Response to Ethyl Corporation Petitions Denying Reconsideration of Three EPA Regulations: CAP 2000, Heavy Duty Gasoline, and OBD/IM. May 4. http//www.epa.gov/orcdizux/regs/ld-hwy/cap2000,resp0717.pdf.
85. EPA 2007. Comments on the Gasoline Additive MMT (methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl). http//www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/additive/mmt_cmts.htm.
86. Ethanol Advisory Panel 2002. Ethanol Made In Manitoba: A Report by the Ethanol Advisory Panel to the Government of Manitoba. Winnipeg: Manitoba Energy Development Initiative.
87. Ethyl Canada 1997. Ontario Court (General Division), Between Ethyl Canada Inc. (Plaintiff) and the Attorney-General of Canada and the Minister of the Environment (Defendants), Statement of Claim. June 23.
88. Federal Register fr 1994. "Fuels and Fuel Additives: Waiver Decision/Circuit Court Remand." Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 158. Wednesday, 17 August 1994. 42,227-61.
89. Federal Register fr 2000. "Final Notification of Alternative Tier 2 Requirements for Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (mmt)." Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 139. Wednesday, 19 July 2000. 44, 775-6.
90. Finn, E., 2004. "Filling our tanks (and brains) with the wrong fuel: Lament for an election in which the crucial issue was ignored." The CCPA Monitor 11(4): 4-5.
91. Foster, J.W. and J. Dillon, 2003. "nafta in Canada: The era of a supra-constitution." In K. Hansen-Kuhn and S. Hellinger (eds), Lessons from NAFTA: The High Cost of "Free Trade." Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. 83-116.
92. Frey, B., 2001. "Cultural economics - history and theory." Culture, Society and Market 6: 143-53.
93. Frumkin, H. and G. Solomon, 1997. "Manganese in the u.s. gasoline supply." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 31: 107-15.
94. Gill, S., 1992. "The emerging world order and European change." In R. Miliband and L. Panitch (eds), New World Order? The Socialist Register 1992. London:Merlin. 157-96.
95. Gill, S., 1996. "Globalization, democratization, and the politics of indifference." In J.H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 205-28.
96. Gill, S., 1997. "Global structural change and multilateralism." In S. Gill (ed.), Globalization, Democratization and Multilateralism. New York: St.Martin's Press. 1-17.
97. Gilson, C., C. Castonguay, K. Kelly, A. Mauro, and B. Rae, 1998. Report of the Article 1704 Panel Concerning a Dispute between Alberta and Canada Regarding the Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act. Winnipeg, Manitoba: June 12, File No. 97/98 - 15 - mmt - P058.
98. Gioia, D.A., 1992. "Pinto fires and personal ethics: a script analysis of missed opportunities." Journal of Business Ethics 11: 379-89.
99. Goldring, J., 1998. "Consumer protection, globalization and democracy." Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law 6(1): 1-83.
100. Gould, E., 2007. "tilma is a radical, regressive experiment in deregulation." The CCPA Monitor 13(8): 8-9.
101. Gourley, D., 2002. Personal correspondence with the author.
102. Government of Alberta 1997. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act, Submission by the Complaining Party, The Government of Alberta. December 1.
103. Government of Québec 1997. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Concerning the Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act, Brief from Québec, Interested Party. December 19.
104. Graham, W.C., 1987. "International commercial arbitration: the developing Canadian profile." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto: Carswell. 77-111.
105. Greider, W., 2002. "The right and us trade law: Invalidating the 20th century." The Nation October 15. 1-11.
106. Griffin, K. and A.R. Khan, 1992. Globalization and the Developing World: An Essay on the International Dimensions of Development in the Post-Cold War Era. Geneva: u.n. Research Institute for Social Development.
107. Grinspun, R. and M.A. Cameron (eds), 1993. The Political Economy of North American Free Trade. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
108. Grinspun, R. and R. Kreklewich, 1994. "Consolidating neoliberal reforms: 'Free trade' as a conditioning framework." Studies in Political Economy 43, Spring:33-61.
109. Grinspun, R. and Y. Shamsie (eds), 2007. Whose Canada? Continental Integration, Fortress North America and the Corporate Agenda. Montreal:McGill-Queen's University Press.
110. Hansen-Kuhn, K. and S. Hellinger (eds), 2003. Lessons from NAFTA: The High Cost of "Free Trade." Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
111. Harding, S.G. (ed.), 1976. Can Theories be Refuted? Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
112. Harrison, K., 1996. Passing the Buck: Federalism and Canadian Environmental Policy. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
113. Harrison, K., 2002. "Federal-provincial relations and the environment:Unilateralism, collaboration, and rationalization." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy: Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 123-44.
114. Harrison, K., 2003. "Passing the environmental buck." In F. Rocher and M. Smith (eds), New Trends in Canadian Federalism. Peterborough: Broadview Press. 313-52.
115. Hart, M.M. and W.A. Dymond, 2002. "nafta Chapter 11: Precedents, Principles and Prospects." In L. Ritchie Dawson (ed.), Whose Rights?: The NAFTA Chapter 11 Debate. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University. 129-70.
116. Hayford, S.L., 1996. "Law in disarray: Judicial standards for vacatur of commercial arbitration awards." Georgia Law Review 30: 731-842.
117. Health and Welfare Canada 1978. Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT), Assessment of the Human Health Implications of Its Use as a Gasoline Additive. Ottawa: Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch.
118. Helliwell, J.F., 1996. "Do national borders matter for Québec's trade?" Canadian Journal of Economics 29: 507-22.
119. Helliwell, J.F., 2002. Globalization and Well-Being. Vancouver: ubc Press.
120. Helliwell, J.F., and G. Verdier, 2001. "Measuring international trade distances: a new method applied to estimate provincial border effects in Canada." Canadian Journal of Economics 34(5): 1024-41.
121. Herrmann, G., 1987. "The British Columbia Enactment of the uncitral Model Law." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto: Carswell. 65-76.
122. Hill, S. and W. Leiss, 2001. "mmt, a risk management masquerade." In W. Leiss, In the Chamber of Risks: Understanding Risk Controversies. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. 65-102.
123. Hirsch, F., 1976. The Social Limits to Growth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
124. Ho, S.P., 1989. "Global warming impact of ethanol versus gasoline." Paper presented at the 1989 National Conference on Clean Air Issues and America's Motor Fuel Business. October. Washington, d.c.
125. Hoberg, G., 2002. "Canadian-American environmental relations: a strategic framework." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 171-89.
126. Hodgson, B., 2001. Economics As A Moral Science. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
127. Hoellering, M.F., 1987. "International commercial arbitration: the United States perspective." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto: Carswell. 17-24.
128. Hogg, P.W., 1997. Constitutional Law of Canada. Scarborough: Thomson and Carswell.
129. Hotz, M.C.B., 1986. Alternatives to Lead in Gasoline. February. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada.
130. HSCESD10/19 1995a. committees/sust/evidence/148_95-10-19/sust148_blk101.html. 1-34.
131. HSCESD10/24 1995b. committees/sust/evidence/149_95-10-24/sust149_blk101.html. 1-48.
132. HSCESD 10/26 1995c. committees/sust/evidence/151_95-10-26/sust151_blk101.html. 1-3.
133. Howarth, R.B. and P.A. Monahan, 1996. "Economics, ethics, and climate policy:framing the debate." Global and Planetary Change 11: 187-99.
134. Howlett, M., 2002. "Policy instruments and implementation styles: the evolution of instrument choice in Canadian environmental policy." in D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy: Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 25-45.
135. Howse, R., 1990. "The Labour Conventions Doctrine in an era of global interdependence: Rethinking the constitutional dimensions of Canada's external economic relations." Canadian Business Law Journal 16(2): 160-84.
136. Howse, R., 1995. "Between anarchy and the rule of law: dispute settlement and related implementation issues in the Agreement on Internal Trade." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute. 170-95.
137. Hua, M.-S. and C.-C. Huang, 1991. "Chronic occupational exposure to manganese and neurobehavioral function." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 13: 495-507.
138. Hubbard, C.P., J.S. Hepburn, and H.S. Gandhi, 1993. "The effect of mmt on the obd ii catalyst efficiency monitor." SAE Technical Papers, 932855.
139. Hufbauer, G.C. et al., 2000. NAFTA and the Environment: Seven Years Later. Washington: Institute for International Economics.
140. Hughes, V., B.R. Evernden, and J. Tyhurst, 1997. Statement of Defence in the Matter of an Arbitration under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Between Ethyl Corporation (Claimant/Investor) v. Government of Canada (Respondent/Party). November 27.
141. Hurley, R.G., W.L.H. Watkins, and R.C. Griffis, 1989. "Characterization of automotive catalysts exposed to the fuel additive mmt." SAE Technical Papers, 890582.
142. IISD/WWF 2001. Private Rights, Public Problems: A Guide to NAFTA's Controversial Chapter on Investor Rights. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development and World Wildlife Fund.
143. Internal Trade Secretariat 2002a. CGA Canada - The Roundtable on the Agreement on Internal Trade Proceedings and Recommendations. 26 March 1996. Ottawa. http//www.intrasec.mb.ca/eng/lib/study5.htr.
144. Internal Trade Secretariat 2002b. Overview of the Agreement on Internal Trade. 3 January 2002. http//www.intrasec.mb.ca/eng/overview.htm.
145. Iregren, A., 1990. "Psychological test performance in foundry workers exposed to low levels of manganese." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 12: 673-7.
146. Iregren, A., 1994. "Using psychological tests for the early detection of neurotoxic effects of low level manganese exposure." Neurotoxicology 15: 671-7.
147. Jackson, A., 2003. From Leaps of Faith to Hard Landings: Fifteen Years of "Free Trade." Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
148. Jackson, A. and M. Sanger, 1998. Dismantling Democracy: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and Its Impact. Ottawa and Toronto:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and James Lorimer and Company Ltd.
149. Jakubowski, J., 1982. "Reflections on the philosophy of international commercial arbitration and conciliation." In J.C. Schultsz and A.J. Van Den Berg (eds), The Art of Arbitration: Essays on International Arbitration Liber Amicorum Pieter Sanders 12 September 1912-1982. Deventer, Netherlands: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers. 175-88.
150. James, W., 1909. The Meaning of Truth: A Sequel to Pragmatism. New York:Longmans, Green and Co.
151. Juanós i Timoneda, J., 1997. "The legal dynamics of the regulation of mmt: Air quality standards and the Salt Lake City airshed." Journal of Land, Resources and Environmental Law 17(2): 283-342.
152. Kant, I., 1788. Critique of Practical Reason. Riga. Königsberg.
153. Kant, I., 1797. Metaphysics of Ethics.
154. Keeney, D.R. and T.H. DeLuca, 1992. "Biomass as an energy source for the midwestern u.s." Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7: 137-43.
155. Kraucher, W.M., 1993. Ford Motor Company's Concerns with Ethyl's Fourth Waiver Request. August 6. Submission to epa, Public Docket A-93-26.
156. Kraucher, W.M., 1994. Section 211 (C): Vehicle Verification Test Program. April 29. Ford Motor Company.
157. Kuhn, T.S., 1957. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
158. Kuhn, T.S., 1977. The Essential Tension. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
159. Kukucha, C., 2003. "Domestic politics and Canadian foreign trade policy:Intrusive interdependence, the wto and the nafta." Canadian Foreign Policy 10(2): 59-86.
160. Law Commission of New Zealand 1991. Report No. 20 Arbitration. Wellington:Law Commission of New Zealand.
161. Law Reform Commission of British Columbia 1982. Report on Arbitration. Vancouver: Law Reform Commission of British Columbia.
162. Leavitt, R., 1996. "Diagnosing o2 sensor problems." The Analyser (News for the Auto Repair Industry) 2: 1-3.
163. Lee, M., 2000. "In search of a problem: the future of the Agreement on Internal Trade and Canadian Federalism." Briefing Paper Series 1(4). October. Vancouver: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
164. Leiss, W., 2001. In the Chamber of Risks: Understanding Risk Controversies. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.
165. Lenihan, D.G., 1995. "When a legitimate objective hits an unnecessary obstacle:Harmonizing regulations and standards in the Agreement on Internal Trade." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute. 98-118.
166. Lillich, R. and C. Brower (eds), 1993. International Arbitration in the Twenty-first Century: Towards 'Judicialization' and Uniformity. Irvington, New York: Transnational Publishers.
167. Lindblom, C.E., 1959. "The science of 'muddling through'." Public Administration Review 19: 79-88.
168. Lindblom, C.E., 1979. "Still muddling, not yet through." Public Administration Review 39:222-33.
169. Lopez, D., 1997. "Dispute resolution under nafta: lessons from the early experience." Texas International Law Journal 32(2): 163-208.
170. Loranger, S. and J. Zayed, 1994. "Manganese and lead concentrations in ambient air and emission rates from unleaded and leaded gasoline between 1981 and 1992 in Canada: A comparative study." Atmospheric Environment 28:1645-51.
171. Loranger, S. and J. Zayed, 1995. "Environmental and occupational exposure to manganese: A multimedia assessment." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 67: 101-10.
172. Lucchini, R. et al., 1995. "Neurobehavioral effects of manganese in workers from a ferroalloy plant after temporary cessation of exposure." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 21: 143-9.
173. Lund, T., 1995. Letter to the Honourable Sheila Copps. April 18. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission by the Complaining Party, The Government of Alberta, Supporting Documents, Volume 1.
174. Luz, M.A., 2000-01. "nafta, investment and the Constitution of Canada: Will the watertight compartments spring a leak?" Ottawa Law Review 31(1): 39-84.
175. Macaulay, R.W. and J.L.H. Sprague, 1996. Hearings Before Administrative Tribunals. Toronto: Carswell Legal Publications.
176. Macdonald, D., 2002. "The business response to environmentalism." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy:Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 66-86.
177. Macpherson, C.B., 1965. The Real World of Democracy. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
178. Macpherson, C.B., 1973. Democratic Theory: Essays in Retrieval. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
179. Macpherson, C.B., 1977. The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
180. Magnet, J.E., 1980. "The presumption of constitutionality." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 18(1): 87-145.
181. Mann, F.A., 1984. "England rejects 'delocalised' contracts and arbitration." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 33: 193-9.
182. Mann, H., 2002. Review of the Decision on Jurisdiction of the Methanex Tribunal. August 5. http//www.iisd.org/pdf/2002/trade_methanex_analysis.pdf.
183. Mann, H., and S. Porter, 2003. The State of Trade and Environment Law 2003:Implications for Doha and Beyond. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
184. Marceau, G., 1999. "A call for coherence in international law: Praises for the prohibition against 'clinical isolation' in wto dispute settlement." Journal of World Trade 33(5): 1-63.
185. March, J.G. and H.A. Simon, 1958. Organizations. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
186. Marsilio of Padua, 1324. The Defender of Peace. A. Gewirth (trans.). New York:Columbia University Press, 1952.
187. McBride, S., 2001. Paradigm Shift: Globalization and the Canadian State. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.
188. McBride, S., 2003, "Quiet constitutionalism in Canada: The international political economy of domestic institutional change." Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique 36(2): 251-73.
189. McCloskey, J.C., 1995. Memorandum to the Minister [of the Environment]. N95-16506-69408.
190. McConnaughay, P.J., 1999. "The risks and virtues of lawlessness: A 'second look' at international commercial arbitration." Northwestern University Law Review 93(2): 453-523.
191. McCullough, H.B. (ed.), 1995. Political Ideologies and Political Philosophies. Second edition. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.
192. McGuire, K., 2002. "Commentary." In L. Ritchie Dawson (ed.), Whose Rights?:The NAFTA Chapter 11 Debate. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University. 171-4.
193. McMurtry, J., 1999. Unequal Freedoms: The Global Market As An Ethical System. Toronto and Westport: Garamond and Kumarian Press.
194. McMurtry, J., 2002. Value Wars: The Global Market versus the Life Economy. London: Pluto Press.
195. Meek, M.E. and I. Bogoroch, 1978. Methycyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT): Assessment of the Human Health Implications of Its Use as a Gasoline Additive. 78-ehd-21. Ottawa: Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada.
196. Memorandum of Understanding 1992. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 1.
197. Mergler, D. et al., 1994. "Nervous system dysfunction among workers with long-term exposure to manganese." Environmental Research 64: 151-80.
198. Merrett, C.D., 1996. Free Trade: Neither Free nor about Trade. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
199. Michalos, A.C., 1969. Principles of Logic. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
200. Michalos, A.C., 1970a. Improving Your Reasoning. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
201. Michalos, A.C., 1970b. "Cost-benefit versus expected utility acceptance rules." Theory and Decision 1: 61-88.
202. Michalos, A.C., 1971. The Popper-Carnap Controversy. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
203. Michalos, A.C., 1972. "Efficiency and morality." The Journal of Value Inquiry 6: 137-43.
204. Michalos, A.C., 1973. "Rationality between the maximizers and the satisficers." Policy Sciences 12: 229-44.
205. Michalos, A.C., 1978. Foundations of Decision Making. Ottawa: Canadian Library of Philosophy.
206. Michalos, A.C., 1979. "The loyal agent's argument." In T. Beachamp and N. Bowie (eds), Ethical Theory and Business. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. 247-53.
207. Michalos, A.C., 1980a. "Philosophy of science: historical, social and value aspects." In P.T. Durbin (ed.), The Culture of Science, Technology and Medicine. New York:The Free Press. 463-502.
208. Michalos, A.C., 1980b. "A reconsideration of the idea of a science court." In P.T. Durbin (ed.), Philosophy and Technology: An Annual Compilation of Research, Vol. 3. New York: jai Press. 10-28.
209. Michalos, A.C., 1981a. North American Social Report, Volume Four: Environment, Transportation and Housing. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
210. Michalos, A.C., 1981b. "Technology assessment, facts and values." In P.T. Durbin (ed.), Research in Philosophy and Technology, Vol. 4. New York: jai Press. 59-81.
211. Michalos, A.C., 1985. "Multiple discrepancies theory (mdt)." Social Indicators Research 16:347-413.
212. Michalos, A.C., 1989. Militarism and the Quality of Life. Toronto: Science for Peace.
213. Michalos, A.C., 1990. "The impact of trust on business, international security and the quality of life." Journal of Business Ethics 9: 619-38.
214. Michalos, A.C., 1992. "Ethical considerations in evaluation." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 7: 61-75.
215. Michalos, A.C., 1995. "The case against the North American Free Trade Agreement." In A.C. Michalos, A Pragmatic Approach to Business Ethics. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc. 188-235.
216. Michalos, A.C., 1997a. "Combining social, economic and environmental indicators to measure sustainable human well-being." Social Indicators Research 40: 221-58.
217. Michalos, A.C., 1997b. "Issues for business ethics in the nineties and beyond." Journal of Business Ethics 16(3): 219-30.
218. Michalos, A.C., 1997c. Good Taxes: The Case for Taxing Foreign Currency Exchange and other Financial Transactions. Toronto: Science for Peace and Dundurn Press.
219. Michalos, A.C., 2001. "Ethics counselors as a new priesthood." Journal of Business Ethics 29:3-17.
220. Michalos, A.C., 2003a. Essays on the Quality of Life. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing.
221. Michalos, A.C., 2003b. "Identifying the horse, the cart and their proper order in sustainable development." Paper presented at a meeting of the Italian Society of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bari, Italy. May 2003.
222. Midwest Research Institute 1987. Health Effects of Exposure to the Gasoline Octane Booster Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) and Its Major Combustion Product Mn3O4, Final Report. March 30. Ottawa:Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Department of National Health and Welfare.
223. Mill, J.S., 1859. On Liberty. London.
224. Mill, J.S., 1861. Utilitarianism. London.
225. Miller, I., 1995. "Dispute resolution: an interprovincial approach." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute. 151-69.
226. Mitchell, W.C., 1918. "Bentham's felicific calculus." Political Science Quarterly 33: 161-83.
227. Monahan, P.J., 1984. "At doctrine's twilight: The structure of Canadian federalism." University of Toronto Law Journal 34: 47-99.
228. Monahan, P.J., 1995. "'To the extent possible': A comment on dispute settlement in the Agreement on Internal Trade." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto:C.D. Howe Institute. 211-18.
229. Monahan, P.J., 1997. Brief to the Standing Senate Committee on Energy, Environment and Natural Resources Respecting Bill C-29, The Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act. 18 February 1997.
230. Monahan, P.J., 2006. Constitutional Law. Toronto: Irwin Law Inc.
231. Moore, J., 2001. "Defending nafta's Chapter 11." May 1. Press release of a speech in the House of Commons.
232. MVMA/AIAMC 1995. The Impact of Manganese-Based Fuel Additives on Vehicle Emission Control Technology in Canada: A Report Prepared by the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association and the Association of International Automobile Manufacturers of Canada for Submission to the [House] Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. 24 October.
233. NAFTA 2002. North American Free Trade Agreement. http//www.nafta-sec-alena.org/english/nafta/htm.
234. NAFTA Secretariat 2002. General Information. http//www.nafta-sec-alena.org/english/home.htm.
235. Nantais, M. and T.R. Clapp, 1994. Letter to M. Desjardins and Tony Clarke. October 12. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-based Fuel Additives Act Submission of the Responding Party, The Government of Canada, Supporting Documents, Volume 1.
236. Nemetz, N.T., 1987. "Dispute resolution." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto: Carswell. 3-6.
237. Newman, S., 2000. "Globalization and democracy." In M. Th. Greven and L.W. Pauly (eds), Democracy Beyond the State? The European Dilemma and the Emerging Global Order. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
238. National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy NRTEE 1999. Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) Case Study. Ottawa: nrtee.
239. National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy NRTEE 2001. Managing Potentially Toxic Substances in Canada: A State of the Debate Report from the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Ottawa: nrtee.
240. OECD 1994. Managing the Environment: The Role of Economic Instrument. Paris:oecd.
241. OECD 1997. The World in 2020. Paris: oecd.
242. Oge, M.T., 1999. Letter to Donald R. Lynam, Vice President, Air Conservation, Ethyl Corporation. http//www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/additive/mmtprop5.pdf. January 25.
243. Okun, A., 1975. Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff. Washington, d.c.:Brookings Institution.
244. Olson, M., 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
245. Pal, L.A. and J. Maxwell, 2004. Assessing the Public Interest in the 21st Century:A Framework. Paper prepared for the External Advisory Committee on Smart Regulation. January 2004. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc.
246. Panitch, L., 1996. "Rethinking the role of the state." In J.H. Mittleman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 83-113.
247. Park, W.W. and J. Paulsson, 1983. "The binding force of international arbitral awards." Virginia Journal of International Law 23: 253-85.
248. Parliamentary Debates pd9/19: 1995a. /35/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/226_95-09-19/226go3e.html. 1-20.
249. Parliamentary Debates 9/19: 1995b. /35/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/226_95-09-19/226go2e.html. 1-10.
250. Parliamentary Debates 9/22: 1995c. /35/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/226_95-09-22/229go1e.html. 1-10.
251. Parliamentary Debates 9/26: 1995d. /35/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/231_95-09-26/231go1e.html. 1-17.
252. Parliamentary Debates 11/8: 1995e. english/hansard/previous/257_95-11-08/257go1e.html. 1-5.
253. Parliamentary Debates 11/8: 1995f. /35/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/257_95-11-08/257go2e.html. 1-19.
254. Parliamentary Debates 11/9: 1995g. /35/1/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/258_95-11-09/258go1e.html. 1-39.
255. Parliamentary Debates 9/25: 1996a. /35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/074_96-09-25/074gole.html. 1-28.
256. Parliamentary Debates 9/27: 1996b. /english/hansard/076_96-09-076go2e.html. 1-15.
257. Parliamentary Debates 10/11: 1996c. /35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/086_96-10-11/086go2e.html. 1-2.
258. Parliamentary Debates 10/11: 1996d. /english/hansard/086_96-10-11/086gole.html. 1-10.
259. Parliamentary Debates 10/22: 1996e. /35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/088_96-10-22/088go2e.html. 1-12.
260. Parliamentary Debates 10/28: 1996f. /35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/091_96-10-28/091gole.html. 1-17.
261. Parliamentary Debates 11/29: 1996g. /35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/debates/110_96-11-29/110gole.html. 1-12.
262. Paterson, R.K., 1987. "International Commercial Arbitration Act: An Overview." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto:Carswell. 113-25.
263. Paterson, R.K., and B.J. Thompson (eds), 1987. UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada:Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto:Carswell.
264. Perez, A., 1997. Affidavit of Alain Perez. Sworn June 25: Ontario Court (General Division), Between Ethyl Canada Inc. (Plaintiff) and The Attorney-General of Canada and the Minister of the Environment (Defendants).
265. Perrin, R. and L. Zarzeczny, 1998. Agreement on Internal Trade, Dispute Regarding the Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act, Submission on Behalf of the Government of Saskatchewan. January 15.
266. Physicians for Social Responsibility 1996. Resolution on MMT in the United States Gasoline Supply. April 16. http//psr.igc.org/mmt.htm.
267. Picard, A.A., 2003. "nafta in Mexico: promises, myths and realities." In K. Hansen-Kuhn and S. Hellinger (eds), Lessons from NAFTA: The High Cost of "Free Trade." Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. 23-48.
268. Pimentel, D., 1991. "Ethanol fuels: energy security, economics and the environment." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 4: 1-13.
269. Pimentel, D., 2001. "The limits of biomass utilization." Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences and Technology, Volume 2. Third edition. San Diego: Academic Press. 159-71.
270. Pimentel, D., 2003. "Ethanol fuels: energy balance, economics, and environmental impacts are negative." Natural Resources Research 12(2): 127-34.
271. Plutarch, 1998. Greek Lives. R. Waterfield (trans.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
272. Polanyi, K., 1957. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.
273. Polaski, S., 2003. "Jobs, wages and household income." In J. Audley, D.G. Papademetriou, S. Polaski, and S. Vaughan (eds), NAFTA's Promise and Reality:Lessons from Mexico for the Hemisphere. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 11-37.
274. Province of British Columbia 1995. Clean Vehicles and Fuels for British Columbia: A Policy Paper. Victoria: Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks.
275. Province of British Columbia 1997. AirCare: Vehicle Emissions Inspections and Maintenance. Fifth edition. Victoria: Student Study Guide.
276. Public Citizen 2001. NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-to-State Cases: Bankrupting Democracy. Washington: Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch.
277. Public Citizen 2004a. NAFTA at Ten Series: U.S., Mexican and Canadian Farmers and Agriculture. http//www.citizen.org/publications/release.cfm?ID=7295. Accessed 20 January 2004.
278. Public Citizen 2004b. NAFTA at Ten Series: U.S. Workers' Jobs, Wages and Economic Security. http //www.citizen.org/publications/release.cfm?ID=7295. Accessed 20 January 2004.
279. Public Citizen 2004c. NAFTA at Ten Series: Undermining Sovereignty and Democracy. http//www.citizen.org/publications/release.cfm?ID=7295. Accessed 20 January 2004.
280. Ranney, D., 2003. "nafta at 10: an assessment." In K. Hansen-Kuhn and S. Hellinger (eds), Lessons from NAFTA: The High Cost of "Free Trade." Ottawa:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. 65-81.
281. Rees, W.E., 1994. "Pressing global limits: trade as the appropriation of carrying capacity." In T. Schrecker and J. Dagleish (eds), Growth, Trade and Environmental Values. London, Ontario: Westminster Institute for Ethics and Human Values. 29-56.
282. Reichenbach, H., 1949. The Theory of Probability. Berkeley: University of California Press.
283. Reitan, M., 1998. "Ecological modernization and 'realpolitik': Ideas, interests and institutions." Environmental Politics 7(1): 1-26.
284. Robinson, I., 2003. "Neo-liberal trade policy and Canadian federalism revisited." In F. Rocher and M. Smith (eds), New Trends in Canadian Federalism. Peterborough: Broadview Press. 197-242.
285. Rodrik, D., 1999. The New Global Economy and Developing Countries: Making Openness Work. Washington, d.c.: Overseas Development Council.
286. Roels, H. et al., 1987. "Epidemiological survey among workers exposed to manganese: Effects on lung, central nervous system, and some biological indices." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11: 307-27.
287. Roels, H. et al., 1992. "Assessment of the permissible exposure level to manganese in workers exposed to manganese oxide dust." British Journal of Industrial Medicine 49:25-34.
288. Roos, J.W., D.L. Lenane, B.F. Fort, D.G. Grand, and K.L. Dykes, 1992. "The effect of manganese oxides on obd ii catalytic converter monitoring." SAE Technical Papers, 942056.
289. Roos, J.W., D.P. Hollrah, G.H. Guinther, and L.J. Cunningham, 2002. "A peer-reviewed critical analysis of sae Paper 2002-01-2894 'The impact of mmt gasoline additive on exhaust emissions and fuel economy of low emission vehicles (lev)'." SAE Technical Papers, 2002-01-2903.
290. Rosen, J.F., 1986. Letter to F. Kenneth Hare, Chair of the Commission on Lead in the Environment. September 24. Attached to the Final Report of the Commission with "Dissenting Opinion by us Researchers." Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, 1985. Report. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.
291. RTI 1998. Final Report: Manganese Exposure Study (Toronto). Research Triangle Park, North Carolina: Research Triangle Institute.
292. Rugman, A.M, J. Kirton, and J. Soloway, 1997. "nafta, environmental regulations, and Canadian competitiveness." Journal of World Trade 31(4):129-44.
293. Runnalls, D., 1994. "Trade and sustainable development: Friends or enemies?" In T. Schrecker and J. Dagleish (eds), Growth, Trade and Environmental Values. London: Westminster Institute for Ethics and Human Values. 57-79.
294. Sands, P., 1994. "The 'greening' of international law: Emerging principles and rules." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 1(2): 293-323.
295. Schneiderman, D., 1999. "mmt promises: How the Ethyl Corporation beat the federal ban." Parkland Institute. The Post 3(1): 1-5.
296. Schubert, G.A., 1960. The Public Interest: A Critique of the Theory of a Political Concept. Glencoe: Free Press.
297. Schwanen, D., 1995. "Overview and key policy issues." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute. 1-19.
298. Schwanen, D., 2000. "Happy birthday, ait!" Policy Options/Politiques 21(6): 51-5.
299. Schwanen, D., 2002. "Commentary." In L. Ritchie Dawson (ed.), Whose Rights?: The NAFTA Chapter 11 Debate. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University. 44-6.
300. Senate 1988. Constitutional Jurisdiction Pertaining to Certain Aspects of the Free Trade Agreement. Senate of Canada, Proceedings of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs. Wednesday, May 4. Issue No. 21.
301. SSCEENR 2/11: 1996. /english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/10ev-e.htm. 1-33.
302. SSCEENR 2/4: 1997a. /english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/05ev-e.htm. 1-47.
303. SSCEENR 2/4: 1997b. /english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/06ev-e.htm. 1-41.
304. SSCEENR 2/5: 1997c. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/07ev-e.htm. 1-13.
305. SSCEENR 2/5: 1997d. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/08ev-e.htm. 1-62.
306. SSCEENR 2/6: 1997e. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/09ev-e.htm. 1-44.
307. SSCEENR 2/19: 1997f. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/11ev-e.htm. 1-8.
308. SSCEENR 2/19: 1997g. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/12ev-e.htm. 1-57.
309. SSCEENR 2/20: 1997h. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/13ev-e.htm. 1-2.
310. SSCEENR 2/20: 1997i. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/13ev-e.htm. 1-24.
311. SSCEENR 3/4: 1997j. english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/14ev-e.htm. 1-9.
312. SSCEENR 3/4: 1997k. Interim Report Concerning Bill C-29. /36/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/enrg-e/rep-e/c29-e.htm. 1-11.
313. SSCEENR 3/4: 1997l. The Minority Opinion. http//www.parl.gc.ca/english/senate/com-e/enrg-e/rep-e/c29-a-e.htm. 1-16.
314. Shapouri, H., J.A. Duffield, and M. Wang, 2002. The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update. usda, Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Agricultural Economics. Report No. 813.
315. Shrybman, S., 1999. A Citizen's Guide to the World Trade Organization. Toronto:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and James Lorimer and Co. Ltd.
316. Siegl, P. and K.-D. Bergert, 1982. "Eine frudiagnostische Uberwachungsmethode bei Manganexposition [A method of early diagnostic monitoring in manganese exposure]." Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete:Arbeitsmedizin, Epidemiologie, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin 28: 524-6.
317. Sierra, P. et al., 1995. "Occupational and environmental exposure of automobile mechanics and nonautomotive workers to airborne manganese arising from the combustion of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (mmt)." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 56: 713-16.
318. Simon, H.A., 1945. Administrative Behavior. New York: Macmillan Co.
319. Simon, H.A., 1957. Models of Man. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
320. Simon, H.A., 1978. "Rationality as process and as product of thought." American Economic Review 68: 1-16.
321. Sinclair, S., 1994. Shifting Powers, Depressing Standards: An Analysis of the Internal Trade Agreement. November 1. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
322. Sinclair, S., 2001. "Canadian government retreats on nafta investor-state concerns." Briefing Paper Series: Trade and Investment 2(3) June 11. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
323. Sinclair, S., 2007. NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor -State Disputes (to March 2007). Ottawa:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. https//policyalternatives.ca/index.cfm?act=search&search type=simple&search=nafta+&submit=go
324. Sjogren, B. et al., 1996. "Effects on the nervous system among welders exposed to aluminium and manganese." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53: 32-40.
325. Smith, A., 1776. The Wealth of Nations. London.
326. Soloway, J.A., 1999. "Environmental trade barriers under nafta: The mmt fuel additives controversy." Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 8: 55-95.
327. Soloway, J.A., 2000. "Environmental regulation as expropriation: the case of nafta's Chapter 11." Canadian Business Law Journal 33: 92-127.
328. Soloway, J.A., 2003. "nafta's Chapter 11: Investor protection, integration and the public interest." Choices 9(2):1-47.
329. Sono, K., 1987. "The Japanese experience." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto: Carswell. 25-30.
330. Sornarajah, M., 2003. Ontario Superior Court of Justice, Between: The Council of Canadians, and Dale Clark, Deborah Bourque, and George Kuehnbaum on their own behalf and on behalf of all members of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers (Applicants) and Her Majesty in Right of Canada, as Represented by the Attorney General of Canada (Respondents), Affidavit, Court File No.01-CV-208141. April.
331. Stevenson, G., 2004. "Federalism and intergovernmental relations." In M.S. Whittington and G. Williams (eds), Canadian Politics in the 21st Century. Scarborough: Nelson. 79-104.
332. Swenarchuk, M., 1998. "Stomping on the Earth: Trade, Trade Law, and Canada's Ecological Footprints." Canadian Environmental Law Association. Trade and Environment. May. http//www.cela.ca/international/buffalo.htm.
333. Swinton, K., 1995. "Law, politics, and the enforcement of the Agreement on Internal Trade." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute, 196-210.
334. Tatarkiewicz, W., 1976. Analysis of Happiness. The Hague: M. Nijhoff.
335. Thomas, J.C., 2002. "The experience of nafta Chapter 11 Tribunals to date: A practitioner's perspective." In L. Ritchie Dawson (ed.) Whose Rights?: The NAFTA Chapter 11 Debate. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University. 98-128.
336. Tollefson, C., 2003. "nafta's Chapter 11: The case for reform." Choices 9(2):48-58.
337. Trebilcock, M.J., 2001. "The Supreme Court and strengthening the conditions for effective competition in the Canadian economy." Canadian Bar Review 80(1 and 2): 542-604.
338. Trebilcock, M.J., 2002. "Trade liberalization and regulatory diversity." http//www.library.utoronto.ca/envireform/conference/nov2002/trebilcock.paper.pdf.
339. Trebilcock, M.J., and R. Behboodi, 1995. "The Canadian Agreement on Internal Trade:Retrospect and Prospects." In M.J. Trebilcock and D. Schwanen (eds), Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute. 20-89.
340. Trebilcock, M.J., and D. Schwanen (eds), 1995. Getting There: An Assessment of the Agreement on Internal Trade. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute.
341. UNCITRAL 2002. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. http//www.uncitral.org/english/commiss/geninfo.htm.
342. UNCITRAL 2003. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985). http//www.jus.uio.no/lm/un.arbitration.model.law.1985/toc.htm.
343. UNCITRAL 2004. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. http//www.uncitral.org/english/commiss/geninfo.htm.
344. UNCSD 1996. Report of the Secretary-General, Financial Resources and Mechanisms, Addendum. United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, Fourth Session. April 18-May 3. E/CN.17/1996/4/Add.1. 22 February 1996.
345. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) 2003. Making Global Trade Work for People. London: Earthscan.
346. U.S. Department of Energy 1999. "Ethanol: Separating fact from fiction." Biofuels: Ethanol for Sustainable Transportation. April. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
347. U.S. EPA 1984. Health Assessment Document for Manganese. epa 600/8-83-013F.
348. Valiante, M., 2002. "Legal foundations of Canadian environmental policy:underlining our values in a shifting landscape." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy: Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 3-24.
349. VanderZwaag, D., 1998. "The precautionary principle in environmental law and policy: elusive rhetoric and first embraces." Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 8: 355-75.
350. VanderZwaag, D., 1999. "cepa and the Precautionary Principle/Approach." http//www.ec.gc.ca/cepa/ip18/e18_01.htm.
351. VanDuzer, J.A., 2002. "nafta Chapter 11 to date: The progress of a work in progress." In L. Ritchie Dawson (ed.), Whose Rights?: The NAFTA Chapter 11 Debate. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, Carleton University. 47-97.
352. VanNijnatten, D.L., 2002. "The bumpy journey ahead: provincial environmental policies and national environmental standards." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy: Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 145-70.
353. VanNijnatten, D.L., and W.H. Lambright, 2002. "Canadian smog policy in a continental context:looking south for stringency." In D.L. VanNijnatten and R. Boardman (eds), Canadian Environmental Policy: Context and Cases. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. 253-73.
354. Vaughan, S., 2003. "The greenest trade agreement ever? Measuring the environmental impacts of agricultural liberalization." In J. Audley, D.G. Papademetriou, S. Polaski, and S. Vaughan (eds), NAFTA's Promise and Reality:Lessons from Mexico for the Hemisphere. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 61-87.
355. Veeder, V.V., 2003. Letter to C.F. Dugan, M.A. Clodfelter. June 2. http//www.naftaclaims.com.
356. Veenhoven, R., 1984. Conditions of Happiness. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
357. Vogel, D., 1995. Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
358. Wagner, J.M., 1999. "International investment, expropriation and environmental protection." Golden Gate University Law Review 29: 465-527.
359. Walker, B., 2002. "Big Oil's mtbe Cover-Up." Alternet.org. October 10. http //www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=1427.
360. Wang, M., C. Saricks, and D. Santini, 1999. "Effects of fuel ethanol use on fuelcycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions." Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Transportation Research, Energy Systems Division (anl/esd-38).
361. Waters, M., 1995. Globalization. New York: Routledge.
362. Weiler, T., 2000. "The Ethyl Arbitration: First of its kind and a harbinger of things to come." The American Review of International Arbitration 11 (1-2):187-201.
363. Wennberg, A. et al., 1991. "Manganese exposure in steel smelters a health hazard to the nervous system." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 17: 255-62.
364. Wheare, K.C., 1963. Federal Government. London: Oxford University Press.
365. Wilberforce, R., 1987. "Resolving international commercial disputes: the alternatives." In R.K. Paterson and B.J. Thompson (eds), UNCITRAL Arbitration Model in Canada: Canadian International Commercial Arbitration Legislation. Toronto: Carswell. 7-14.
366. Williamson, W.B., H.S. Gandhi, and E.E. Weaver, 1982. "Effects of fuel additive mmt on contaminant retention and catalyst performance." SAE Technical Papers, 821193.
367. Wittgenstein, L., 1961. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. D.F. Pears and B.F. McGinnes (trans). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
368. Wood, G. and M. Egyed, 1994. Risk Assessment for the Combustion Products of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) in Gasoline. December 6. Ottawa: Health Canada, Environmental Health Directorate.
369. Zayed, J., 2001. "Use of mmt in Canadian gasoline: Health and environmental issues." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 39:426-33.
370. Zayed, J., et al., 1994. "Occupational and environmental exposure of garage workers and taxi drivers to airborne manganese arising from the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in unleaded gasoline." American Industrial Hygeine Association Journal 55:53-8.