Islam, philanthropy, and political culture in Interwar Egypt the activism of Labiba Ahmad

Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 239-254

  Baron, Beth ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84897224237     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (136)

1. See, for example, Kathleen D. McCarthy, "Women and Philanthropy", Voluntas 7(1996):331-35;
2. idem, ed., Lady Bountiful Revisited: Women, Philanthropy, and Power (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1990);
3. Seth Koven and Sonya Michel, eds., Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (New York: Routledge, 1993);
4. Katherine Kish Sklar, "The Historical Foundations of Women's Power in the Creation of the American Welfare State, 1830-1930", in Mothers of a New World (see above);
5. Lori D. Ginzberg, Women in Antebellum Reform (Wheeling, Ill: Harlan Davidson, 2000).
6. On the earliest women's charities, see Beth Baron, The Women's Awakening in Egypt: Culture, Society, and the Press (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), chap. 8;
7. Margot Badran, Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), chap. 6;
8. Clarissa Lee Pollard, "Nurturing the Nation: The Family Politics of the 1919 Egyptian Revolution" (Ph. D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1997);
9. Mine Ener, Managing Egypt's Poor and the Politics of Benevolence, 1800-1952 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, forthcoming);
10. Hilmi Ahmad Shalabi, Harakat al-Islah al-Ijtim'iyya fi Misr (Cairo: n. p., 1988).
11. On Egyptian Islamic nationalism, see Israel Gershoni and James P. Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 79-96.
12. Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli, Al-A'lam: Qamus Tarajim, 7th ed., 8 vols. (Beirut: Dar al-'Ilm lil-Malayin, 1986), 5:240;
13. al-Ahram, 31 January 1951, p. 7.
14. Al-Nahda al-Nisa'iyya (hereafter NN) 1, no. 6(January 1922):159.
15. Maged M. Farag, 1952, The Last Protocol (Royal Albums of Egypt) (Cairo: Max Group, 1996), 39;
16. Muhammad Farid, The Memoirs and Diaries of Muhammad Farid, An Egyptian Nationalist Leader (1868-1919), trans. Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. (San Francisco: Mellon University Research Press, 1992), 120.
17. NN 3, no. 11(June 1924):386.
18. For background on the party, see Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. "The Egyptian Nationalist Party: 1892-1919", in Political and Social Change in Modern Egypt, ed. P. M. Holt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968), 308-333.
19. Ijlal Khalifa, al-Haraka al-Nisa'iyya al-Haditha (Cairo, 1974), 60.
20. Al-Lata'if al-Musawwara (1 March 1920): 5;
21. SD 883.00/431, enclosure: "Cairo's Goodbye to Madame Zaghlul: A Monster Demonstration", Egyptian Mail (9 October 1922);
22. NN 2, no. 4(November 1922):109;
23. NN 4, no. 48(November 1926):419.
24. On female notables as political actors, see Beth Baron, "The Politics of Female Notables in Postwar Egypt", in Borderlines: Genders and Identities in War and Peace, 1870-1930, ed. Billie Melman (London: Routledge, 1998), 329-350.
25. Baron, Women's Awakening, 169-75;
26. see also Margot Badran, Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), chap. 6;
27. Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot, "The Revolutionary Gentlewomen in Egypt", in Women in the Muslim World, ed. Lois Beck and Nikki Keddie (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), 261-276.
28. NN 1, no. 1(July 1921):3;
29. NN 1, no. 12(July 1922):378.
30. For background on orphanages, see Andrea B. Rugh, "Orphanages in Egypt: Contradiction or Affirmation in a Family-Oriented Society", in Children in the Muslim Middle East, ed. Elizabeth Warnock Fernea (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995), 124-141.
31. NN 1, no. 5(December 1921):129.
32. NN 1, no. 1(July 1921):28.
33. NN 1, no. 1(July 1921):17;
34. NN 1, no. 2(September 1921):32, 56;
35. NN 1, no. 3(October 1921): facing p. 68;
36. NN 1, no. 5(December 1921):129;
37. NN 5, no. 50(February 1927):67.
38. NN 3, no. 6(January 1924):209.
39. See also Great Britain, Public Records, Foreign Office 141/466/1415-26, Eastern Department to Chancery, London, 31 January 1924;
40. Hughes to Baker, Cairo, 3 March 1924.
41. NN 3, no. 5 (December 1923);
42. NN 3, no. 7(February 1924):252;
43. NN 3, no. 9(April 1924):316.
44. Majallat al-Sayyidat wal-Rijal 5, no. 1(15 November 1923):306.
45. NN 3, no. 11(June 1924):387;
46. NN 3, no. 10(May 1924):343;
47. NN v3, no. 12(July 1924):427;
48. NN 3, no. 12(July 1924):419.
49. NN 3, no. 5(December 1923):156;
50. NN 3, no. 11(June 1924):395;
51. NN 4, no. 39(October 1924):103;
52. NN 2, no. 10(May 1923):253-254.
53. NN 1, no. 2(September 1921):55;
54. NN 1, no. 5(December 1921):135;
55. NN 1, n. 6(January 1922):159.
56. NN 11, no. 12(December 1933):386.
57. NN 12, no. 2(February 1934): back page; no. 4(April 1934): back page.
58. See, for example, NN 4, no. 48(November 1926):399-401.
59. Badran, Feminists, 96.
60. NN 1, no. 1(July 1921):3.
61. NN 1, no. 2(September 1921):35.
62. Baron, Women's Awakening, 28-29, 32-34, 176-179.
63. See Beth Baron, "Nationalist Iconography: Egypt as a Woman", in Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab World, ed. James Jankowski and Israel Gershoni (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), 105-124.
64. NN 12, no. 10(October 1934):326.
65. NN 1, no. 10(May 1922):260.
66. On this paradox, see Lila Abu-Lughod, "The Marriage of Feminism and Islamism in Egypt: Selective Repudiation as a Dynamic of Postcolonial Cultural Politics", in Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East, ed. Lila Abu-Lughod (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998), 243-269.
67. NN 9, no. 77(August 1931):255.
68. NN 6, no. 10(October 1928):347;
69. NN 11, no. 3(March 1933):95;
70. Joseph T. Zeidan, Arab Women Novelists: The Formative Years and Beyond (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), 79-80;
71. Issa J. Boullata, "Modern Qur'an Exegesis: A Study of Bint al-Shati's Method", Muslim World 64(1974):103-113.
72. NN 2, no. 5(December 1922):136;
73. NN 3, no. 2(September 1923): back page;
74. NN 8, no. 92(August 1930): back page;
75. NN 11, no. 8-9(August 1933):277;
76. NN 12, no. 5(May 1934): back page.
77. NN 6, no. 10(October 1928):346;
78. NN 8, no. 86(February 1930):62;
79. NN 8, no. 86(February 1930):63;
80. NN 12, no. 3(March 1934):101;
81. NN 16, no. 1(January 1938):2.
82. NN 11, no. 8-9(August 1933):310.
83. NN 11, no. 3(March 1933):95.
84. NN 4, no. 40(March 1926):136.
85. NN 4, no. 43(June 1926):227;
86. NN 6, no. 6(June 1928):202;
87. NN 8, no. 89(May 1930): cover;
88. NN 10, no. 85(April 1932):127;
89. NN 11, no. 3(March 1933): cover;
90. NN 12, no. 2(February 1934): back page;
91. NN 12, no. 5(May 1934): back page;
92. NN 14, no. 3(March 1936):86.
93. NN 16, no. 2(February 1938):65.
94. NN 8, no. 89(May 1930):146.
95. NN 12, no. 5(May 1934): back page;
96. NN 12, no. 7(July 1934):237;
97. NN 14, no. 5(May 1936):175.
98. NN 6, no. 5(May 1928):176;
99. NN 6, no. 8(August 1928):278;
100. NN 6, no. 9(September 1928):315;
101. NN 6, no. 10(October 1928):357;
102. NN 8, no. 88(April 1930):142;
103. NN 8, no. 91(July 1930): cover;
104. NN 8, no. 92(August 1930):283-284;
105. NN 10, no. 84(March 1932):102;
106. NN 10, no. 84(March 1932):107;
107. NN 10, no. 12(December 1932):429;
108. NN 14, no. 4(April 1936):135.
109. NN 4, no. 45(August 1926):287-290;
110. NN 8, no. 91(July 1930):15;
111. NN 8, no. 92(August 1930):259;
112. NN 9, no. 75(June 1931):206;
113. NN 10, no. 11(November 1932):365-367;
114. NN 14, no. 12(December 1936):397-398.
115. NN 8, no. 92(August 1930):283-284.
116. NN 8, no. 94(October 1930):353;
117. NN 8, no. 95(November 1930): cover, 361-362, photo, 372, 386.
118. J. Heyworth-Dunne, Religious and Political Trends in Modern Egypt (Washington, D. C.: n. p., 1950), 11.
119. NN 9, no. 72(March 1931):86;
120. NN 14, no. 8(August 1936):253-255, 262-263, 269-272;
121. NN 14, no. 9(September 1936):390.
122. NN 11, nos. 8, 9(August 1933):302;
123. NN 14, no. 7(July 1936):250;
124. NN 16, no. 9(September 1938):291.
125. NN 10, no. 12(December 1932):398.
126. Heyworth-Dunne, Religious and Political Trends, 11-14;
127. NN 9, no. 72(March 1931):86;
128. NN 9, no. 74(May 1931):148.
129. Amal al-Subki, al-Haraka al-nisa'iyya fi Misr, 1919-1952 (Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Misriyah al-'Ammah lil-Kitab, 1986), 118.
130. Ghada Hashem Talhami draws on al-Subki for her account of Labiba Ahmad's activities in her The Mobilization of Muslim Women in Egypt (Gainsville: University of Florida Press, 1996), 46-49.
131. NN 16, no. 2(February 1938):65. The memoirs, which I have not seen, are described as a collection of correspondence rather than an autobiography.
132. (NN 16, no. 1 [January 1938]: notice in front of issue).
133. NN 16, no. 11(November 1938):361-362.
134. Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli, Al-A'lam: Qamus Tarajim, 7th ed., 8 vols. (Beirut: Dar al-'Ilm lil-Malayin, 1986), 5:240;
135. al-Ahram (31 January 1951): 7;
136. al-Misri (31 January 1951): 7.