Cancer economics, policy and politics: What informs the debate? Perspectives from the EU, Canada and US

Journal of Cancer Policy

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-11

  Aggarwal, Ajay ^a   Ginsburg, Ophira ^b   Fojo, Tito ^c  

^a GUY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b WOMEN S COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^c NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Access; Advocacy; Cancer economics; Policy; Regional variations

Indexed keywords

CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; COLORECTAL CANCER; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HUMAN; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; MEDICAL CARE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; REVIEW;

EID: 84897107745     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22135383     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2014.02.002     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Luengo-Fernandez R., Leal J., Gray A., Sullivan R. Economic burden of cancer across the European Union: a population-based cost analysis. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:1165-1174.
2. Philipson T., Eber M., Lakdawalla D.N., Corral M., Conti R., Goldman D.P. An analysis of whether higher health care spending in the United States versus Europe is 'Worth It' in the case of cancer. Health Aff 2012, 31:667-675.
3. Furlow B. Expensive US cancer care: value for money?. Lancet Oncol 2012, 13(5):e193.
4. Drummond M.F., Mason A.R. European perspective on the costs and cost-effectiveness of cancer therapies. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:191-195.
5. Whalen J. Europe targets drugs price cuts. Wall Street J 2010.
6. Sullivan R., Peppercorn J., Sikora K., Zalcberg J., Meropol N.J., Amir E., et al. Delivering affordable cancer care in high-income countries. Lancet Oncol 2011, 12:933-980.
7. Ferlay J., Steliarova-Foucher E., Lortet-Tieulent J., Rosso S., Coebergh J.W., Comber H., et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer (Oxford, England: 1990) 2013, 49:1374-1403. [Epub 2013/03/15].
8. Coleman M.P., Quaresma M., Berrino F., Lutz J.-M., De Angelis R., Capocaccia R., et al. Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD). Lancet Oncol 2008, 9:730-756.
9. De Angelis R., Sant M., Coleman M., Francisci S., Baili P., Pierannunzio D., et al. Cancer survival in Europe 1999-2007 by country and age: results of EUROCARE-5-a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2014, 15:23-34.
10. Coleman M., Forman D., Bryant H., Butler J., Rachet B., Maringe C., et al. Cancer survival in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, 1995-2007 (the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership): an analysis of population-based cancer registry data. Lancet 2011, 377:127-138.
11. Martin N. UK cancer survival rate lowest in Europe. The Daily Telegraph 2007.
12. Health Do. Improving outcomes: a strategy for cancer 2011, Health Do (Ed.).
13. Lyman G.H. Counting the costs of cancer care. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:1142-1143.
14. Halpern M.T., Ward E.M., Pavluck A.L., Schrag N.M., Bian J., Chen A.Y. Association of insurance status and ethnicity with cancer stage at diagnosis for 12 cancer sites: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 2008, 9:222-231.
15. Gray M., Naredi P., Bacon N., Kerr D. Better value cancer care for the 21st century. Ann Oncol 2011, 22:2541-2545.
16. Marmot M., Wilkinson R. Social determinants of health 2009, Oxford University Press.
17. Vrdoljak E., Wojtukiewicz M.Z., Pienkowski T., Bodoky G., Berzinec P., Finek J., et al. Cancer epidemiology in Central and South Eastern European countries. Croat Med J 2011, 52:478-487.
18. Stuckler D., Basu S. The Body Economic: Why Austerity Kills-Recessions, Budget Battles, and The Politics of Life and Death 2013, Harper Collins.
19. Kmietowicz Z. New health secretary warns further NHS efficiency savings may be needed. BMJ 2010, 340(May):c2600-c.
20. de Belvis A.G., Ferrè F., Specchia M.L., Valerio L., Fattore G., Ricciardi W. The financial crisis in Italy: implications for the healthcare sector. Health Policy 2012, 106:10-16.
21. Legido-Quigley H., Otero L., la Parra D., Alvarez-Dardet C., Martin-Moreno J.M., McKee M. Will austerity cuts dismantle the Spanish healthcare system?. BMJ 2013, 346:f2363.
22. L.C. Romanian politics - A shortage of cancer drugs. The Economist 2013.
23. Sukkar E. Greeks feel effects of drug shortages caused by austerity measures. BMJ 2012, 344:e3589.
24. Rada A.G. "A generation of cancer patients is being sacrificed" because of drug shortages in Europe, expert says 2012, BMJ Publishing Group British Med Assoc House, Tavistock Square, London, England.
25. Communities CotE. Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions on Action Against Cancer: European Partnership. Brussels, 24.06.2009.
26. Jönsson B. Technology assessment for new oncology drugs. Clinical Cancer Res 2013, 19:6-11.
27. Pauwels K., Huys I., Casteels M., De Nys K., Simoens S. Market access of cancer drugs in European countries: improving resource allocation. Target Oncol 2013, November. [Epub ahead of print].
28. Richards M. Extent and causes of international variation in drug usage 2010, Health Do (Ed.).
29. Oncopolicy Forum 2011: Inequalities in Access to Cancer Drugs in Europe. Oncopolicy Forum; Stockholmm Sweden 2011, Organisation EC (Ed.).
30. Zambrowski J. Cost of cancer in France: pharmaceutical expenditure as part of global patients' care. Bull Cancer 2008, 95:535.
31. Mayor S. NICE recommends kidney cancer drug it previously rejected on cost grounds. BMJ 2009, 338:b499.
32. Dyer O. Oncologists protest about NICE's decision on cancer drugs. BMJ 2002, 324:1413.
33. Malin J.L. Wrestling with the high price of cancer care: should we control costs by individuals' ability to pay or society's willingness to pay?. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:3212-3214.
34. Mason A., Drummond M., Ramsey S., Campbell J., Raisch D. Comparison of anticancer drug coverage decisions in the United States and United Kingdom: does the evidence support the rhetoric?. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:3234-3238.
35. Roberts S.A., Allen J.D., Sigal E.V. Despite criticism of the FDA review process, new cancer drugs reach patients sooner in the United States than in Europe. Health Aff 2011, 30:1375-1381.
36. Sorenson C. Use of comparative effectiveness research in drug coverage and pricing decisions: a six-country comparison. Issue Brief (Commonwealth Fund) 2010, 91:1.
37. Cheema P., Gavura S., Migus M., Godman B., Yeung L., Trudeau M. International variability in the reimbursement of cancer drugs by publically funded drug programs. Curr Oncol 2012, 19:e165.
38. Folino-Gallo P., Montilla S., Bruzzone M., Martini N. Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Italy. Eur J Health Econ 2008, 9:305-310.
39. Lo Scalzo A., Donatini A., Orzella L., Cicchetti A., Profili S., Maresso A. Italy: health system review. Health Syst Transit 2009, 11:1-216.
40. Lochouarn M. The state of chemotherapy in France. Lancet Oncol 2012, 13:761.
41. Le Pen C., Priol G., Lilliu H. What criteria for pharmaceuticals reimbursement?. Eur J Health Econ 2003, 4:30-36.
42. Sante-HAS HAd La commission evaluation economique et de sante publique (CEEPS) 2012, Sante. HAd (Ed.).
43. Turk E., Albreht T., Prevolnik Rupel V. The institutionalisation of Health Technology Assessment in Slovenia. Eurohealth 2010, 16:27.
44. Collins M., Latimer N. NICE's end of life decision making scheme: impact on population health. BMJ 2013, 346:f1363.
45. Marshall H. UK Cancer Drugs Fund receives £400 million boost. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:e494.
46. Aggarwal A., Sullivan R. Affordability of cancer care in the United Kingdom - is it time to introduce user charges?. J Cancer Policy 2013, 10.1016/j.jcpo.2013.11.001.
47. Assessment ENfHT EUnetHTA project - Overwiew of Results - Years 2006-2008 2009, [29.11.13]; Available from: http://www.eunethta.eu/sites/5026.fedimbo.belgium.be/files/Overview%20of%20the%20EUnetHTA%20Project%20Results%202006-2008_0.pdf [last accessed 09.02.14].
48. EUnetHTA EMAa European Medicines Agency and EUnetHTA agree joint work plan 2013, [29.11.13]. Available from: https://eunethta.fedimbo.belgium.be/sites/5026.fedimbo.belgium.be/files/EMA-EUnetHTA%20press%20release%20-%20final%20version.pdf [last accessed 09.02.14].
49. Delaney G., Jacob S., Featherstone C., Barton M. The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment. Cancer 2005, 104:1129-1137.
50. Ploquin N.P., Dunscombe P.B. The cost of radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2008, 86:217-223.
51. van Loon J., Grutters J., Macbeth F. Evaluation of novel radiotherapy technologies: what evidence is needed to assess their clinical and cost effectiveness, and how should we get it?. Lancet Oncol 2012, 13:e169-e177. [Epub 2012/04/04].
52. Rosenblatt E., Izewska J., Anacak Y., Pynda Y., Scalliet P., Boniol M., et al. Radiotherapy capacity in European countries: an analysis of the Directory of Radiotherapy Centres (DIRAC) database. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:e79-e86.
53. Health Do. Radiotherapy services in England in 2012 2012, [06.04.13]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/127213/Radiotherapy-Services-in-England-2012.pdf [last accessed 09.02.14].
54. Cozzi L., Fogliata A., Lomax A., Bolsi A. A treatment planning comparison of 3D conformal therapy, intensity modulated photon therapy and proton therapy for treatment of advanced head and neck tumours. Radiother Oncol 2001, 61:287-297.
55. Staffurth J. A review of the clinical evidence for intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Clin Oncol 2010, 22:643-657.
56. Wolff D., Stieler F., Welzel G., Lorenz F., Abo-Madyan Y., Mai S., et al. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) vs. serial tomotherapy, step-and-shoot IMRT and 3D-conformal RT for treatment of prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2009, 93:226-233.
57. Veldeman L., Madani I., Hulstaert F., De Meerleer G., Mareel M., De Neve W. Evidence behind use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a systematic review of comparative clinical studies. Lancet Oncol 2008, 9:367-375.
58. Brada M., Pijls-Johannesma M., De Ruysscher D. Proton therapy in clinical practice: current clinical evidence. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:965-970.
59. Lievens Y., Grau C. Health economics in radiation oncology: introducing the ESTRO HERO project. Radiother Oncol 2012, 103:109-112.
60. Morgan G., Ward R., Barton M. The contribution of cytotoxic chemotherapy to 5-year survival in adult malignancies. Clin Oncol 2004, 16:549-560.
61. Barton M., Gebski V., Manderson C., Langlands A. Radiation therapy: are we getting value for money?. Clin Oncol 1995, 7:287-292.
62. Colombo C., Mosconi P., Villani W., Garattini S. Patient organizations' funding from pharmaceutical companies: is disclosure clear, complete and accessible to the public? An Italian survey. PLoS One 2012, 7:e34974.
63. National Health Expenditure Trends 1975-2012, Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI).
64. [last accessed 08.12.13]. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/programs/drugs/.
65. de Oliveira C., Bremmer K., Pataky R., Gunraj N., Chan K., Peacock S., et al. Understanding the costs of cancer care before and after diagnosis for the 21 most common cancers in Ontario: a population-based descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2013.
66. Rawson NSB Access to new oncology drugs in Canada compared with the United States and Europe 2012, Fraser Institute.
67. Rawson NSB Fraser research bulletin: Potential impact of delayed access to five oncology drugs in Canada, November 2013, Fraser Institute, [last accessed 08.12.13]. http://www.fraserinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/fraser-ca/Content/research-news/research/publications/potential-impact-of-delayed-access-to-five-oncology-drugs-in-canada.pdf.
68. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/index-eng.php.
69. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/programs/drugs/.
70. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/delivery-prestation/fedrole/index-eng.php.
71. Chafe R., Culyer A., Dobrow M., Coyte P.C., Sawka C., O'Reilly S., et al. Access to cancer drugs in Canada: looking beyond coverage decisions. Healthcare Policy 2011, 6(February (3)):27-36.
72. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.drugcoverage.ca/en-ca/private-insurance.aspx.
73. [last accessed 26.01.14]. http://www.ctvnews.ca/private-chemotherapy-clinics-on-the-rise-in-canada-1.227764.
74. Chafe R., Dhalla I., Dobrow M.J., Sullivan T. Accessing unfunded cancer drugs in publicly funded hospitals. Lancet Oncol 2009, 10(April):306-307.
75. Cancer System Quality Index (CSQI). [last accessed 28.01.14]. http://www.csqi.on.ca/.
76. [last accessed 06.12.13]. http://www.partnershipagainstcancer.ca/wp-content/uploads/CSCC_CancerPlan_20061.pdf.
77. [last accessed 06.12.13]. http://www.pcodr.ca/wcpc/portal/Home%3F_afrLoop=5669010530854452%26_afrWindowMode=0%26_adf.ctrl-state=i2qbjrg55_4.
78. [last accessed 08.12.13]. http://www.pcodr.ca/idc/groups/pcodr/documents/pcodrdocument/pcodr-funding-tutorial.pdf.
79. [last accessed 08.12.13]. http://www.pcodr.ca/idc/groups/pcodr/documents/pcodrdocument/pcodr-yervoy-adv-mel-fn-rec.pdf.
80. [last accessed 06.12.13]. http://www.pmprb-cepmb.gc.ca/english/View.asp%3Fx=1433.
81. [last accessed 27.01.14]. http://www.pmprb-cepmb.gc.ca/english/view.asp%3Fx=1733%26mid=1644.
82. [last accessed 25.01.14]. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/public/programs/drugs/publications/opdp/docs/odb_report_12.pdf.
83. [last accessed 08.02.14]. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/erp2013/ERP2013_Chapter_5.pdf.
84. Fojo T., Grady C. How much is life worth: cetuximab, non-small cell lung cancer, and the $440 billion question. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009, 101:1044-1049.
85. Stewart D.J., Whitney S.N., Kurzrock R. Equipoise lost: ethics, costs, and the regulation of cancer clinical research. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:2925-2935.
86. Danzon P.M., Taylor E. Drug pricing and value in oncology. Oncologist 2010, 15:24-31.
87. Kantarjian H.M., Fojo T., Mathisen M., Zwelling L.A. Cancer drugs in the United States: Justum Pretium - the just price. J Clin Oncol 2013, 31:3600-3604.
88. Fojo A.T., Noonan A. Why RECIST works and why it should stay - counterpoint. Cancer Res 2012, 72:5151-5157.
89. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm381159.htm.
90. Flaherty K.T., Infante J.R., Daud A., Gonzalez R., Kefford R.F., Sosman J., et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1694-1703.
91. Bennouna J., Sastre J., Arnold D., Österlund P., Greil R., Van Cutsem E., et al. Continuation of bevacizumab after first progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (ML18147): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:29-37. ML18147 Study Investigators.
92. Tournigand C., André T., Achille E., Lledo G., Flesh M., Mery-Mignard D., et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:229-237.
93. Vaishampayan U., Vankayala H., Vigneau F.D., Quarshie W., Dickow B., Chalasani S., et al. The effect of targeted therapy on overall survival in advanced renal cancer: a Study of the National Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registry Database. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2013, S1558-7673(13):218-228.
94. Motzer R.J., Hutson T.E., Cella D., Reeves J., Hawkins R., Guo J., et al. Pazopanib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2013, 369:722-731.
95. Motzer R.J., Hutson T.E., Tomczak P., Michaelson M.D., Bukowski R.M., Rixe O., et al. Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. New Eng J Med 2007, 356:115-124.
96. Drugs approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma that inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR): (1) sorafenib (Nexavar®); (2) sunitinib (Sutent®); (3) pazopanib (Votrient®); and (4) axitinib (Inlyta®).
97. Drug approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): bevacizumab (Avastin®).
98. Drug approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma that are derivatives of an inexpensive generic, sirolimus: (1) temsirolimus (Torisel®); and (2) everolimus (Affinitor®).
99. Heng D.Y., Choueiri T.K., Rini B.I., Lee J., Yuasa T., Pal S.K., et al. Outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma that do not meet eligibility criteria for clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2014, 25:149-154.
100. Lewis J.H., Kilgore M.L., Goldman D.P., Trimble E.L., Kaplan R., Montello M.J., et al. Participation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:1383-1389.
101. Iavarone M., Cabibbo M., Piscaglia F., Zavaglia C., Grieco A., Villa E., et al. Field-practice study of sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective multicenter study in Italy. Hepatology 2011, 54:2055-2063.
102. Llovet J.M., Ricci S., Mazzaferro V., Hilgard P., Gane E., Blanc J.F., et al. Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:378-390.
103. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.wcrf.org/.
104. Brooks G.A., Li L., Sharma D.B., Weeks J.C., Hassett M.J., Yabroff K.R., et al. Regional variation in spending and survival for older adults with advanced cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013, 105:634-642.
105. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.dartmouthatlas.org/.
106. Chen R.C., Royce T.J., Extermann M., Reeve B.B. Impact of age and comorbidity on treatment and outcomes in elderly cancer patients. Semin Radiat Oncol 2012, 22:265-271.
107. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/07/health/cohen-cancer-study/.
108. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.cancer.gov/aboutnci/recovery/recoveryfunding/personalized.
109. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/health/18cancer.html%3Fpagewanted=all%26_r=0.
110. Rubin E.H., Allen J.D., Nowak J.A., Bates S.E. Developing precision medicine in a global world. Clinical Cancer Res 2014, [in press].
111. Parkinson D.R., McCormack R.T., Keating S.M., Gutman S.I., Hamilton S.R., Mansfield E.A., et al. Evidence of clinical utility: an unmet need in molecular diagnostics for cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2014, [in press].
112. [last accessed 09.02.14]. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/aya/treatment.
113. Kantarjian H., Stewart D.J., Zwelling L. Cancer research in the United States: dying by a thousand paper cuts. Cancer 2013, 119:3742-3745.