Pelagic palaeoecology: The importance of recent constraints on ammonoid palaeobiology and life history

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 292, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 229-241

  Ritterbush, K A ^a   Hoffmann, R ^b   Lukeneder, A ^c   De Baets, K ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^c NATURHISTORISCHES MUSEUM WIEN   (Austria)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Habitat; Isotope analysis; Palaeoecology; Predator prey relationships; Reproductive strategy

Indexed keywords

AMMONITE; ANATOMY; ARTHROPOD; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COPROLITE; FECUNDITY; FOSSIL RECORD; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; LIFE HISTORY; LITERATURE REVIEW; NEKTON; ONTOGENY; PALEOBIOLOGY; PALEOECOLOGY; PELAGIC ENVIRONMENT; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SCAVENGING (FEEDING); SEAFLOOR; WATER COLUMN;

EID: 84897089665     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: 14697998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12118     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Alegret, L., Thomas, E. & Lohmann, K.C. (2012). End-Cretaceous marine mass extinction not caused by productivity collapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 728-732.
2. Arkhipkin, A.I. & Laptikhovsky, V.V. (2012). Impact of ocean acidification on plankton larvae as a cause of mass extinctions in ammonites and belemnites. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 266, 39-50.
3. Batt, R. (1993). Ammonite morphotypes as indicators of oxygenation in a Cretaceous epicontinental sea. Lethaia 26, 49-63.
4. Brayard, A. & Escarguel, G. (2013). Untangling phylogenetic, geometric and ornamental imprints on Early Triassic ammonoid biogeography: a similarity-distance decay study. Lethaia 46, 19-33.
5. Brayard, A., Escarguel, G. & Bucher, H. (2007). The biogeography of Early Triassic ammonoid faunas: clusters, gradients, and networks. Geobios 40, 749-765.
6. Brayard, A., Escarguel, G., Bucher, H., Monnet, C., Brühwiler, T., Goudemand, N., Galfetti, T. & Guex, J. (2009). Good genes and good luck: ammonoid diversity and the end-Permian mass extinction. Science 325, 1118-1121.
7. Brosse, M., Brayard, A., Fara, E. & Neige, P. (2013). Ammonoid recovery after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: a re-exploration of morphological and phylogenetic diversity patterns. J. Geol. Soc. London 170, 225-236.
8. Cecca, F. (1997). Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous uncoiled ammonites: trophism-related evolutionary processes. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth Planet Sci. 325, 629-634.
9. Courville, P. & Thierry, J. (1993). Sous-espèces géographiques et/ou contrôle environnemental de la variabilité morphologique chez 'Thomasites' gongilensis (Woods, 1911), (Ammonitina, Acanthocerataceae, Vascoceratinae) du Turonien inférieur de la Haute Bénoué (Nigéria). Geobios (Suppl. 1) 26, 73-89.
10. Dagys, A.S. & Weitschat, W. (1993). Extensive intraspecific variation in a Triassic ammonoid from Siberia. Lethaia 26, 113-121.
11. Davis, R.A., Landman, N.H., Dommergues, J.-L., Marchand, D. & Bucher, H. (1996). Mature modifications and dimorphism in ammonoid cephalopods. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 463-539. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
12. De Baets, K., Klug, C., Korn, D. & Landman, N.H. (2012). Early evolutionary trends in ammonoid embryonic development. Evolution 66, 1788-1806.
13. De Baets, K., Klug, C. & Monnet, C. (2013). Intraspecific variability through ontogeny in early ammonoids. Paleobiology 39, 75-94.
14. De Baets, K., Klug, C., Korn, D., Bartels, C. & Poschmann, M. (2013b). Emsian Ammonoidea and the age of the Hunsrück Slate (Rhenish Mountains, Western Germany). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 299, 1-113.
15. Dera, G., Neige, P., Dommergues, J.-L., Fara, E., Laffont, R. & Pellenard, P. (2010). High-resolution dynamics of Early Jurassic marine extinctions: the case of Pliensbachian-Toarcian ammonites (Cephalopoda). J. Geol. Soc. London 167, 21-33.
16. Dera, G., Neige, P., Dommergues, J.-L. & Brayard, A. (2011). Ammonite paleobiogeography during the Pliensbachian-Toarcian crisis (Early Jurassic) reflecting paleoclimate, eustasy, and extinctions. Glob. Planet. Change 78, 92-105.
17. Doguzhaeva, L.A. & Mutvei, H. (1996). Attachment of the body to the shell in ammonoids. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 44-64. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
18. Dommergues, J.-L., Laurin, B. & Meister, C. (2001). The recovery and radiation of Early Jurassic ammonoids: morphologic versus palaeobiogeographical patterns. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 165, 195-213.
19. Dzik, J. & Korn, D. (1992). Devonian ancestors of Nautilus. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 66, 81-98.
20. Ebel, K. (1992). Mode of life and soft body shape of heteromorph ammonites. Lethaia 25, 179.
21. Engeser, T. (1996). The position of the Ammonoidea within the Cephalopoda. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 3-19. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
22. Engeser, T. & Keupp, H. (2002). Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35, 79-96.
23. Erben, H.K. (1966). Über den Ursprung der Ammonoidea. Biol. Rev. 41, 641-658.
24. Etches, S., Clarke, J. & Callomon, J. (2009). Ammonite eggs and ammonitellae from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dorset, England. Lethaia 42, 204-217.
25. Fatherree, J.W., Harries, P.J. & Quinn, T.M. (1998). Oxygen and carbon isotopic 'dissection' of Baculites compressus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Pierre Shale (Upper Campanian) of South Dakota: implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Palaios 13, 376-385.
26. Fernández-López, S. & Meléndez, G. (1996). Phylloceratina ammonoids in the Iberian Basin during the Middle Jurassic: a model of biogeographical and taphonomic dispersal related to relative sea-level changes. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 120, 291-302.
27. Fraas, E. (1910). Der petrefakten-sammler. Stuttgart: K. G. Lutz Verlag.
28. Gabbott, S.E. (1999). Orthoconic cephalopods and associated fauna from the late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. Palaeontology 42, 123.
29. Gerber, S., Eble, G.J. & Neige, P. (2008). Allometric space and allometric disparity: a developmental disparity perspective in the macroevolutionary analysis of morphological disparity. Evolution 62, 1450-1457.
30. Guex, J. (2006). Reinitialization of evolutionary clocks during sublethal environmental stress in some invertebrates. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 242, 240-253.
31. Guex, J., Schoene, B., Bartolini, A., Spangenberg, J., Schaltegger, U., O'Dogherty, L., Taylor, D., Bucher, H. & Atudorei, V. (2012). Geochronological constraints on post-extinction recovery of the ammonoids and carbon cycle perturbations during the Early Jurassic. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 346-347, 1-11.
32. Hammer, O. & Bucher, H. (2006). Generalized ammonoid hydrostatics modelling, with application to Intornites and intraspecific variation in Amaltheus. Paleontol. Res. 10, 91-96.
33. Hauschke, N., Schöllmann, L. & Keupp, H. (2011). Oriented attachment of a stalked cirripede on an orthoconic heteromorph ammonite - implications for the swimming position of the latter. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 262, 199-212.
34. Hewitt, R.A. (1996). Architecture and strength of the ammonite shell. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 297-339. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum press.
35. Hewitt, R.A. & Westermann, G.E.G. (2003). Recurrences of hypotheses about ammonites and Argonauta. J. Paleontol. 77, 792-795.
36. Hoffmann, R., Schultz, J.A., Schellhorn, R., Rybacki, E., Keupp, H., Gerden, S.R., Lemanis, R. & Zachow, S. (2013). Non-invasive imaging methods applied to neo- and paleontological cephalopod research. Biogeosciences Discuss. 10, 18803-18851.
37. House, M.R. (1989). Ammonoid extinction events. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 325, 307-326.
38. Hoving, H.J.T. & Robison, B.H. (2012). Vampire squid: detritivores in the oxygen minimum zone. Proc. Biol. Sci. 279, 4559-4567.
39. Hönisch, B., Ridgwell, A., Schmidt, D.N., Thomas, E., Gibbs, S.J., Sluijs, A., Zeebe, R., Kump, L., Martindale, R.C., Greene, S.E., Kiessling, W., Ries, J., Zachos, J.C., Royer, D.L., Barker, S., Marchitto, T.M., Moyer, R., Pelejero, C., Ziveri, P., Foster, G.L. & Williams, B. (2012). The geological record of ocean acidification. Science 335, 1058-1063.
40. Jacobs, D.K. & Chamberlain, J.A. (1996). Buoyancy and hydrodynamics in ammonoids. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 169-223. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
41. Jacobs, D.K. & Landman, N.H. (1993). Nautilus - a poor model for the function and behavior of ammonoids? Lethaia 26, 101-111.
42. Jacobs, D.K., Landman, N.H. & Chamberlain, J.A. (1994). Ammonite shell shape covaries with facies and hydrodynamics: iterative evolution as a response to changes in basinal environment. Geology 22, 905-908.
43. Kennedy, W.J. & Cobban, W.A. (1976). Aspects of ammonite biology, biogeography, and biostratigraphy. Spec. Pap. Palaeontol. 17, 1-94.
44. Keupp, H. (2000). Ammoniten - paläobiologische erfolgsspiralen. Stuttgart: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.
45. Keupp, H. (2006). Sublethal punctures in body chambers of Mesozoic ammonites (forma aegrafenestra n. f.), a tool to interpret synecological relationships, particularly predator-prey interactions. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 80, 112-123.
46. Keupp, H. (2012). Atlas zur paläopathologie der cephalopoden. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 12, 1-392.
47. Keupp, H. & Riedel, F. (2010). Remarks on the possible function of the apophyses of the Middle Jurassic microconch ammonite Ebrayiceras sulcatum (Zieten, 1830), with a discussion on the palaeobiology of Aptychophora in general. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 255, 301-314.
48. Keupp, H., Röper, M. & Seilacher, A. (1999). Paläobiologische Aspekte von syn vivo-besiedelten Ammonoideen im Plattenkalk des Ober-Kimmeridgiums von Brunn in Ostbayern. Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E 30, 121-145.
49. Klompmaker, A.A. & Fraaije, R.H.B. (2012). Animal behavior frozen in time: gregarious behavior of Early Jurassic lobsters within an ammonoid body chamber. PLoS ONE 7, e31893.
50. Klompmaker, A.A., Waljaard, N.A. & Fraaije, R.H.B. (2009). Ventral bite marks in Mesozoic ammonoids. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 280, 245-257.
51. Klug, C. (2001). Life-cycles of some Devonian ammonoids. Lethaia 34, 215-233.
52. Klug, C. (2007). Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 52, 749-759.
53. Klug, C. & Jerjen, I. (2012). The buccal apparatus with radula of a ceratitic ammonoid from the German Middle Triassic. Geobios 45, 57-65.
54. Klug, C. & Korn, D. (2004). The origin of ammonoid locomotion. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 49, 235-242.
55. Klug, C., Schatz, W., Korn, D. & Reisdorf, A.G. (2005). Morphological fluctuations of ammonoid assemblages from the Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of the Germanic Basin - indicators of their ecology, extinctions, and immigrations. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 221, 7-34.
56. Klug, C., Riegraf, W. & Lehmann, J. (2012). Soft - part preservation in heteromorph ammonites from the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (OAE 2) in north-west Germany. Palaeontology 55, 1307-1331.
57. Korn, D. & Klug, C. (2002). Ammoneae devonicae. Leiden: Backhuys.
58. Korn, D. & Klug, C. (2007). Conch form analysis, variability, morphological disparity, and mode of life of the Frasnian (Late Devonian) ammonoid Manticoceras from coumiac (Montagne Noire, France). In Cephalopods present and past: new insights and fresh perspectives: 57-85. Landman, N.H., Davis, R.A. & Mapes, R.H. (Eds). Dordrecht: Springer.
59. Korn, D. & Klug, C. (2012). Palaeozoic ammonoids - diversity and development of conch morphology. In Earth and life: 491-534. Talent, J. (Ed.). Dordrecht: Springer.
60. Kröger, B. (2000). Schalenverletzungen an jurassischen Ammoniten - ihre paläobiologische und paläoökologische Aussagefähigkeit. Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E 33, 1-97.
61. Kröger, B. (2001). Comments on Ebel's benthic-crawler hypothesis for ammonoids and extinct nautiloids. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 75, 123-125.
62. Kröger, B. (2002). On the efficiency of the buoyancy apparatus in ammonoids: evidences from sublethal shell injuries. Lethaia 35, 61-70.
63. Kröger, B. & Mapes, R.H. (2007). On the origin of bactritoids (Cephalopoda). Palaeontol. Z. 81, 316-327.
64. Kröger, B., Zhang, Y. & Isakar, M. (2009). Discosorids and Oncocerids (Cephalopoda) of the Middle Ordovician Kunda and Aseri Regional Stages of Baltoscandia and the early evolution of these groups. Geobios 42, 273-292.
65. Kröger, B., Vinther, J. & Fuchs, D. (2011). Cephalopod origin and evolution: A congruent picture emerging from fossils, development and molecules. Bioessays 33, 602-613.
66. Kruta, I., Landman, N., Rouget, I., Cecca, F. & Tafforeau, P. (2011). The role of ammonites in the mesozoic marine food web revealed by jaw preservation. Science 331, 70-72.
67. Kruta, I., Landman, N.H., Mapes, R. & Pradel, A. (2013). New insights into the buccal apparatus of the Goniatitina: palaeobiological and phylogenetic implications. Lethaia 47, 38-48.
68. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (1996). Ammonoid paleobiology. New York: Plenum Press.
69. Landman, N.H., Cobban, W.A. & Larson, N.L. (2012). Mode of life and habitat of scaphitid ammonites. Geobios 45, 87-98.
70. Lécuyer, C. & Bucher, H. (2006). Stable isotope compositions of a late Jurassic ammonite shell: a record of seasonal surface water temperatures in the southern hemisphere? eEarth 1, 1-7.
71. 13C) in Spirula spirula shells from three major oceans indicate developmental changes paralleling depth distributions. Mar. Biol. 154, 175-182.
72. 13C). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 296, 103-114.
73. Mapes, R. & Chaffin, D. (2003). Predation on cephalopods. In Predator-prey interactions in the fossil record: 177-213. Kelley, P., Kowalewski, M. & Hansen, T. (Eds). New York: Springer.
74. Mapes, R.H. & Nützel, A. (2009). Late Palaeozoic mollusc reproduction: cephalopod egg-laying behavior and gastropod larval palaeobiology. Lethaia 42, 341-356.
75. Martill, D.M. (1990). Predation on Kosmoceras by semionotid fish in the middle Jurassic Lower Oxford Clay of England. Palaeontology 33, 739-742.
76. McGowan, A.J. (2004). The effect of the Permo-Triassic bottleneck on Triassic ammonoid morphological evolution. Paleobiology 30, 369-395.
77. Mehl, J. (1978). Ein Koprolith mit Ammoniten-Aptychen aus dem Solnhofer Plattenkalk. Jahresberichte der Wetterauischen Gesellschaft fuer die gesamte Naturkunde 129/130, 75-93.
78. Monnet, C. & Bucher, H. (2007). European ammonoid diversity questions the spreading of anoxia as primary cause for the Cenomanian/Turonian (Late Cretaceous) mass extinction. Swiss J. Geosci. 100, 137-144.
79. Monnet, C., De Baets, K. & Klug, C. (2011). Parallel evolution controlled by adaptation and covariation in ammonoid cephalopods. BMC Evol. Biol. 11, 115.
80. Monnet, C., Bucher, H., Guex, J. & Wasmer, M. (2012). Large-scale evolutionary trends of Acrochordiceratidae Arthaber, 1911 (Ammonoidea, Middle Triassic) and Cope's rule. Palaeontology 55, 87-107.
81. Morard, A. & Guex, J. (2003). Ontogeny and covariation in the Toarcian genus Osperleioceras (Ammonoidea). Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 174, 607-615.
82. Moriya, K., Nishi, H., Kawahata, H., Tanabe, K. & Takayanagi, Y. (2003). Demersal habitat of Late Cretaceous ammonoids: evidence from oxygen isotopes for the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) northwestern Pacific thermal structure. Geology 31, 167-170.
83. Mutvei, H. (1964). On the shells of Nautilus and Spirula with notes on the shell secretion in non-cephalopod mollusks. Arki. Zool. 16, 221-278.
84. Nixon, M. (1996). Morphology of the jaws and radula in ammonoids. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 23-42. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
85. Ogura, A., Yoshida, M., Moritaki, T., Okuda, Y., Sese, J., Shimizu, K.K., Sousounis, K. & Tsonis, P.A. (2013). Loss of the six3/6 controlling pathways might have resulted in pinhole-eye evolution in Nautilus. Sci. Rep. 3, 1432.
86. Ohkouchi, N., Tsuda, R., Chikaraishi, Y. & Tanabe, K. (2012). A preliminary estimate of the trophic position of the deep-water ram's horn squid Spirula spirula based on the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Mar. Biol., 1-7.
87. Okamoto, T. (1996). Theoretical modeling of ammonoid morphology. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 225-251. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
88. Richter, A.E. (2009). Ammoniten-Gehäuse mit Bissspuren. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 10, 297-305.
89. Richter, U. (2002). Gewebeansatz-Strukturen auf pyritisierten Steinkernen von Ammonoideen. Geologische Beiträge Hannover 4, 1-113.
90. Ritterbush, K.A. & Bottjer, D.J. (2012). Westermann Morphospace displays ammonoid shell shape and hypothetical paleoecology. Paleobiology 38, 424-446.
91. Sasaki, T., Shigeno, S. & Tanabe, K. (2010). Anatomy of living Nautilus: reevaluation of primitiveness and comparison with Coleoidea. In Cephalopods - present and past: 35-66. Tanabe, K., Shigeta, Y., Sasaki, T. & Hirano, H. (Eds). Tokyo: Tokai University Press.
92. Sato, T. & Tanabe, K. (1998). Cretaceous plesiosaurs ate ammonites. Nature 394, 629-630.
93. Saunders, W.B. & Landman, N.H. (1987). Nautilus: the biology and paleobiology of a living fossil. New York: Plenum Press.
94. Saunders, W.B. & Shapiro, E.A. (1986). Calculation and simulation of ammonoid hydrostatics. Paleobiology 12, 64-79.
95. Saunders, W.B., Greenfest-Allen, E., Work, D.M. & Nikolaeva, S.V. (2008). Morphologic and taxonomic history of Paleozoic ammonoids in time and morphospace. Paleobiology 34, 128-154.
96. Schlögl, J., Chirat, R., Balter, V., Joachimski, M., Hudáčková, N. & Quillévéré, F. (2011). Aturia from the Miocene Paratethys: an exceptional window on nautilid habitat and lifestyle. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 308, 330-338.
97. Schweigert, G. & Dietze, V. (1998). Revision der dimorphen Ammonitengattungen Phlycticeras Hyatt - Oecoptychius Neumayr (Strigoceratidae, Mitteljura). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B 269, 1-59.
98. Shigeno, S., Sasaki, T., Moritaki, T., Kasugai, T., Vecchione, M. & Agata, K. (2008). Evolution of the cephalopod head complex by assembly of multiple molluscan body parts: evidence from Nautilus embryonic development. J. Morphol. 269, 1-17.
99. Shigeta, Y. (1993). Post-hatching early life history of Cretaceous Ammonoidea. Lethaia 26, 133-145.
100. Tanabe, K. (2011). The feeding habits of ammonites. Science 331, 37-38.
101. Tanabe, K., Shigeta, Y. & Mapes, R.H. (1995). Early life history of carboniferous ammonoids inferred from analysis of shell hydrostatics and fossil assemblages. Palaios 10, 80-86.
102. Tanabe, K., Mapes, R.H., Sasaki, T. & Landman, N.H. (2000). Soft-part anatomy of the siphuncle in Permian prolecanitid ammonoids. Lethaia 33, 83-91.
103. Tanabe, K., Kulicki, C. & Landman, N.H. (2008). Development of the embryonic shell structure of mesozoic ammonoids. Am. Mus. Novit. 3621, 1-19.
104. Tanabe, K., Misaki, A., Landman, N.H. & Kato, T. (2013). The jaw apparatuses of Cretaceous Phylloceratina (Ammonoidea). Lethaia 46, 399-408.
105. Tomašových, A. & Schlögl, J. (2008). Analyzing variations in cephalopod abundances in shell concentrations: the combined effects of production and density-dependent cementation rates. Palaios 23, 648-666.
106. Tsujita, C.J. & Westermann, G.E.G. (1998). Ammonoid habitats and habits in the Western Interior Seaway: a case study from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 144, 135-160.
107. Tsujita, C.J. & Westermann, G.E.G. (2001). Were limpets or mosasaurs responsible for the perforations in the ammonite Placenticeras? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 169, 245-270.
108. Turek, V. (2008). Boionautilus gen. nov. from the Silurian of Europe and North Africa (Nautiloidea, Tarphycerida). Bull. Geosci. 83, 141-152.
109. Vullo, R. (2011). Direct evidence of hybodont shark predation on Late Jurassic ammonites. Naturwissenschaften 98, 545-549.
110. Walton, S.A., Korn, D. & Klug, C. (2010). Size distribution of the Late Devonian ammonoid Prolobites: indication for possible mass spawning events. Swiss J Geosci 103, 475-494.
111. Wani, R. (2007). How to recognize in situ fossil cephalopods: evidence from experiments with modern Nautilus. Lethaia 40, 305-311.
112. Wani, R., Kase, T., Shigeta, Y. & De Ocampo, R. (2005). New look at ammonoid taphonomy, based on field experiments with modern chambered nautilus. Geology 33, 849-852.
113. Wani, R., Kurihara, K. & Ayyasami, K. (2011). Large hatchling size in Cretaceous nautiloids persists across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: New data of Hercoglossidae hatchlings. Cret. Res. 32, 618-622.
114. Ward, P. (1996). Ammonoid extinction. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 815-824. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
115. Ward, P.D. & Bandel, K. (1987). Life history strategies in fossil cephalopods. In Cephalopod life cycles, Vol. II: 329-350. Boyle, P.R. (Ed.). London: Academic Press.
116. Warnke, K. & Keupp, H. (2005). Spirula - a window to the embryonic development of ammonoids? Morphological and molecular indications for a palaeontological hypothesis. Facies 51, 60-65.
117. Westermann, G.E.G. (1996). Ammonoid life and habitat. In Ammonoid paleobiology: 607-707. Landman, N.H., Tanabe, K. & Davis, R.A. (Eds). New York: Plenum Press.
118. Westermann, G.E.G. (2013). Hydrostatics, propulsion and life-habits of the Cretaceous ammonoid Baculites. Rev Paleobiol 32, 249-265.
119. Wiedmann, J. (1973). Evolution or revolution of ammonoids at Mesozoic boundaries. Biol. Rev. 48, 159-194.
120. Wilmsen, M. & Mosavinia, A. (2011). Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomy of Schloenbachia varians (J. Sowerby, 1817) (Cretaceous Ammonoidea). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85, 169-184.
121. Winguth, C. & Winguth, A.M.E. (2012). Simulating Permian-Triassic oceanic anoxia distribution: implications for species extinction and recovery. Geology 40, 127-130.
122. Yacobucci, M.M. (2004). Neogastroplites meets Metengonoceras: morphological response of an endemic hoplitid ammonite to a new invader in the mid-Cretaceous Mowry Sea of North America. Cret. Res. 25, 927-944.