Longitudinal Mediators of a Randomized Prevention Program Effect on Cortisol for Youth from Parentally Bereaved Families

Prevention Science

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 224-232

  Luecken, Linda J ^a   Hagan, Melissa J ^a   Sandler, Irwin N ^a   Tein, Jenn Yun ^a   Ayers, Tim S ^a   Wolchik, Sharlene A ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bereavement; Cortisol; Intervention; Mediation; Parental loss

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ADOLESCENT; BEREAVEMENT; CHEMISTRY; CHILD; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CONTROL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY THERAPY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLISM; OBJECT RELATION; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SALIVA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; BEREAVEMENT; CHILD; FAMILY THERAPY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; PARENTING; SALIVA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84897029030     PISSN: 13894986     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0385-7     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychology, University of Vermont.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (1997). Manual for the young adult self-report and young adult behavior checklist. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.
3. Alink, L. R., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Mesman, J., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta-analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychobiology, 50, 427-450. doi: 10. 1002/dev. 20300.
4. Aseltine, R. H., Gore, S., & Gordon, J. (2000). Life stress, anger and anxiety, and delinquency: An empirical test of general strain theory. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 256-275.
5. Ayers, T. S., Sandler, I. N., Twohey, J. L., & Haine, R. (1998, August). Three views of emotional expression in parentally bereaved children: Stress and coping in children and adolescents. Poster presented at the 106th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco.
6. Ayers, T. S., Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., Towhey, J. L., Lutzke Weyer, J. R., Jones, S., Kriege, G. (2010). The family bereavement program: Description of a theory-based prevention program for parentally-bereaved children and adolescent. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 78, 131-143.
7. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
8. Bevans, K., Cerbone, A., & Overstreet, S. (2008). Relations between recurrent trauma exposure and recent life stress and salivary cortisol among children. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 257-272. doi: 10. 1017/S0954579408000126.
9. Bouma, E. M. C., Riese, H., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2011). Self-assessed parental depressive problems are associated with blunted cortisol responses to a social stress test in daughters. The TRAILS study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36, 854-863. doi: 10. 1016/j. psyneuen. 2010. 11. 008.
10. Brotman, L. M., Gouley, K. K., Huang, K. Y., Kamboukos, D., Fratto, C., & Pine, D. S. (2007). Effects of a psychosocial family-based preventive intervention on cortisol response to a social challenge in preschoolers at high risk for antisocial behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 1172-1179. doi: 10. 1001/archpsyc. 64. 10. 1172.
11. Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2007). Personality, adrenal steroid hormones, and resilience in maltreated children: A multilevel perspective. Developmental Psychopatholology, 19, 787-809. doi: 10. 1017/S0954579407000399.
12. Davies, P. T., Sturge-Apple, M. L., Cicchetti, D., & Cummings, E. M. (2007). The role of child adrenocortical functioning in pathways between interparental conflict and child maladjustment. Developmental Psychology, 43, 918-930. doi: 10. 1037/0012-1649. 43. 4. 918.
13. Fisher, P. A., Stoolmiller, M., Gunnar, M. R., & Burraston, B. O. (2007). Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on diurnal cortisol activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology., 32, 892-905. doi: 10. 1016/j. psyneuen. 2007. 06. 008.
14. Gersten, J., Beals, J., & Kallgren, C. (1991). Epidemiology and preventive interventions: Parental death in childhood as a case example. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 481-499. doi: 10. 1007/BF00937988.
15. Hagan, M., Luecken, L. J., Sandler, I. N., & Tien, J. Y. (2010). Prospective effects of post-bereavement negative events on cortisol activity in parentally bereaved youth. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 394-400. doi: 10. 1002/dev. 20433.
16. Hagan, M., Roubinov, D., Gress, J., Luecken, L. J., Sandler, I., & Wolchik, S. (2011). Positive parenting during childhood moderates the impact of recent negative events on cortisol activity in parentally bereaved youth. Psychopharmacology, 214, 231-238. doi: 10. 1007/s00213-010-1889-5.
17. Hagan, M., Tein, J. Y., Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S., Ayers, T., & Luecken, L. J. (2012). Strengthening effective parenting practices over the long-term: Effects of a preventive intervention for parentally bereaved families. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41, 177-188. doi: 10. 1080/15374416. 2012. 651996.
18. Haltigan, J. D., Roisman, G. I., Susman, E. J., Barnett-Walkier, K., & Monohan, K. C. (2011). Elevated trajectories of externalizing problems are associated with lower awakening cortisol levels in midadolescence. Developmental Psychology, 47, 472-478. doi: 10. 1037/a0021911.
19. Hazzard, A., Christensen, A., & Margolin, G. (1983). Children's perception of parental behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Clinical Psychology, 11, 49-60. doi: 10. 1007/BF00912177.
20. Heim, C., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000). The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 1-35. doi: 10. 1016/S0306-4530(99)00035-9.
21. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi: 10. 1080/10705519909540118.
22. Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural equations modeling: Fit indices, sample size, and advanced topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20, 90-98. doi: 10. 1016/j. jcps. 2009. 09. 003.
23. Jones, S., & Twohey, J. L. (1998, August). Parents' expression of emotions questionnaire: Psychometric properties. Paper presented at the 106th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco.
24. Kwok, O. M., Haine, R., Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., & Wolchik, S. A. (2005). Positive parenting as a mediator of the relations between parental psychological distress and mental health problems of parentally-bereaved children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 261-272. doi: 10. 1207/s15374424jccp3402_5.
25. Luecken, L. J. (2000). Parental caring and loss during childhood and adult cortisol responses to stress. Psychology and Health, 15, 841-851. doi: 10. 1080/08870440008405586.
26. Luecken, L. J. (2008). Long-term consequences of parental death in childhood: Physiological and psychological manifestations. In: M. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, H. Schut, & W. Stroebe (Eds). Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice: 21st Century Perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
27. Luecken, L. J., & Appelhans, B. M. (2006). Early parental loss and cortisol stress responses in young adulthood: The moderating role of family environment. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 295-308. doi: 10. 1017/S0954579406060160.
28. Luecken, L. J., & Roubinov, D. S. (2012). Pathways to lifespan health following childhood parental death. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 243-257. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1751-9004. 2011. 00422. x.
29. Luecken, L. J., Hagan, M. J., Sandler, I. N., Tien, J., Ayers, T. S., & Wolchik, S. A. (2010). Cortisol levels six-years after participation in the Family Bereavement Program. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 785-789. doi: 10. 1016/j. psyneuen. 2009. 11. 002.
30. Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on brain, behavior, and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 434-445. doi: 10. 1038/nrn2639.
31. Lutzke, J. R., Ayers, T. S., Sandler, I. N., & Barr, A. (1997). Risks and interventions for the parentally bereaved child. In S. Wolchik & I. Sandler (Eds.), Handbook of children's coping: Linking theory and intervention (pp. 215-244). New York: Plenum Press.
32. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83-104. doi: 10. 1037/1082-989X. 7. 1. 83.
33. McEwen, B. S. (2002). Sex, stress, and the hippocampus: Allostasis, allostatic load, and the aging process. Neurobiology of Aging, 23, 921-939.
34. Mercer, S. L., DeVinney, B. J., Fine, L. J., Green, L. G., & Dougherty, D. (2007). Study designs for effectiveness and translation research: Identifying trade-offs. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, 139-154. doi: 10. 1016/j. amepre. 2007. 04. 005.
35. Morgan, S. L., & Winship, C. (2007). Counterfactuals and causal inference. New York: Cambridge University Press.
36. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Mplus user's guide (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
37. Nicolson, N. A. (2004). Childhood parental loss and cortisol levels in adult men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 1012-1018. doi: 10/1016/j. psyneuen. 2003. 09. 005.
38. O'Neal, C. R., Brotman, L. M., Huang, K., Gouley, K. K., Kamboukos, D., Calzada, E. J., et al. (2010). Understanding relations among early family environment, cortisol response, and child aggression via a prevention experiment. Child Development, 81, 290-305. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2009. 01395. x.
39. Pfeffer, C. R., Altemus, M., Heo, M., & Jiang, H. (2007). Salivary cortisol and psychopathology in children bereaved by the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 957-965. doi: 10. 1016/j. biopsych. 2006. 07. 037.
40. Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 330-366. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 128. 2. 330.
41. Ruttle, P. L., Shirtcliff, E. A., Serbin, L. A., Ben-Dat Fisher, D., Stack, D. M., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2011). Disentangling psychogiological mechanisms underlying internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth: Longitudinal and concurrent associations. Hormones and Behavior, 59, 123-132. doi: 10. 1016/j. yhbeh. 2010. 10. 015.
42. Sandler, I. N., & Guenther, R. T. (1985). Assessment of life stress events. In P. Karoly (Ed.), Measurement strategies in health psychology (pp. 555-600). New York: Wiley.
43. th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D. C.
44. Sandler, I., Wolchik, S., Braver, S., & Fogas, B. (1991). Stability and quality of life events and psychological symptomatology in children of divorce. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 501-520. doi: 10. 1007/BF00937989.
45. Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., Wolchik, S. A., Tein, J. Y., Kwok, O. M., Haine, R. A., Kriege, G. M. (2003). The Family Bereavement Program: Efficacy evaluation of a theory-based prevention program for parentally bereaved children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 587-600. doi: 10. 1037/0022-006X. 71. 3. 587.
46. Sandler, I. Ayers, T. S., Tein, J. Y., Wolchik, A., Millsap, R., Khoo, S. T., Coxe, S. (2010). Six-year follow-up of a preventive intervention for parentally-bereaved youth: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164, 907-914. doi: 10. 1001/archpediatrics. 2010. 173.
47. Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children's report of parental behavior: An inventory. Child Development, 36, 413-424.
48. Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (1997). The early socialization of aggressive victims of bullying. Child Development, 68, 665-675. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 1997. tb04228. x.
49. Shirtcliff, E. A., Granger, D. A., Booth, A., & Johnson, D. (2005). Low salivary cortisol levels and externalizing behavior problems in youth. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 167-184. doi: 10. 10170S0954579405050091.
50. Shonkoff, J. P., Boyce, W. T., & McEwen, B. S. (2009). Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA, 301, 2252-2259. doi: 10. 1001/jama. 2009. 754.
51. Social Security Administration (2000). Intermediate assumptions of the 2000 Trustees Report. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief Actuary of the Social Security Administration.
52. Taylor, A. B., MacKinnon, D. P., & Tein, J. Y. (2008). Tests of the three-path mediated effect Organizational Research Methods, 11, 241-269. doi: 10. 1177/1094428107300344.
53. Tein, J., Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., & Wolchik, S. A. (2006). Mediation of the effects of the Family Bereavement Program on mental health problems of bereaved children and adolescents. Prevention Science, 7, 179-195. doi: 10. 1007/s11121-006-0037-2.
54. Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., Price, A. W., Williams, K., & Kingree, J. B. (1998). Role of secondary stressors in the parental death-child distress relation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 357-366. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1021951806281.
55. van Goozen, S. H. M., Fairchild, G., Snoek, H., & Harold, G. T. (2007). The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 149-182. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 133. 1. 149.
56. Wichers, M. C., Myin-Germeys, I., Jacobs, N., Kenis, G., Derom, C., Vlietinck, R., van Os, J. (2008). Susceptibility to depression expressed as alterations in cortisol day curve: A cross-twin, cross-trait study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 314-318. doi: 10. 1097/PSY. 0b013e31816b1eee.
57. Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J. Y., Coatsworth D., Lengua, L., Griffin, W. A. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856. doi: 10. 1037/0022-006X. 68. 5. 843.