Simultaneous biological nutrient removal: A state-of-the-art review

Water Environment Research

Volumn 86, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 245-257

  Daigger, Glen T ^a   Littleton, Helen X ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Bioreactor macro environment; Floc micro environment; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Simultaneous biological nutrient removal

Indexed keywords

BIOCONVERSION; BIOLOGICAL WATER TREATMENT; BIOREACTORS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; NITROGEN REMOVAL; NUTRIENTS; OXYGEN; PHOSPHORUS;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOCS; BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL; DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION; DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; MACRO-ENVIRONMENT; MICROENVIRONMENTS; STATE-OF-THE ART REVIEWS;

DISSOLVED OXYGEN;

DISSOLVED OXYGEN;

ACCLIMATION; ACTIVATED SLUDGE; BIOREACTOR; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; NUTRIENT; OPTIMIZATION; PHOSPHORUS;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE; BATCH REACTOR; BIOREACTOR; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; CYCLING; HETEROTROPH; NITRIFICATION; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIMULTANEOUS BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL; WASTE COMPONENT REMOVAL;

BIOREACTORS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 84896868239     PISSN: 10614303     EISSN: 15547531     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2175/106143013X13736496908555     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Albertson, O. E.; Coughenour, J. (1995) Aerated Anoxic Oxidation-Denitrification Process. J. Environ. Eng., 121, 720-726.
2. Albertson, O. E.; Stensel, H. D. (1994) Aerated Anoxic Biological NdeN Process. Water Sci. Technol., 29 (7), 167-176.
3. Applegate, C. S.;Wilder, B.; DeShaw, J. R. (1980) Total Nitrogen Removal in a Multi-Channel Oxidation System. J. - Water Pollut. Control Fed., 52, 568-577.
4. Bannock, M.;Wang, Y.; Leslie, G. (2010) Mixing Characterisation of Full-Scale Membrane Bioreactors: CFD Modelling with Experimental Validation. Water Res., 44 (10), 3181-3191.
5. Bassin, J. P.; Kleerebezem, R.; Dezotti, M.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2012) Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphate Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Reactors Operated at Different Temperatures. Water Res., 46 (12), 3805-3816.
6. Beccari, M.; Di Pinto, A. C.; Ramadori, R.; Tomei, M. C. (1992) Effects of Dissolved Oxygen and Diffusion Resistances on Nitrification Kinetics. Water Res., 26, 1099-1104.
7. Bertanza, G. (1997) Simultaneous Nitrification-Denitrification Process in Extended Aeration Plants: Pilot and Real Scale Experiences. Water Sci. Technol., 35 (6), 53-61.
8. Bin, Z.; Zhe, C.; Zhigang, Q.; Min, J.; Zhiqiang, C.; Zhaoli, C.; Junwen, L.; Xuan, W.; Jingfeng, W. (2011) Dynamic and Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Communities During Sludge Granulation in an Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor. Water Res., 45 (18), 6207-6216.
9. Brewer, H.; Stephenson, J. P.; Green, D. (1995) Plant Optimization Using Online Phosphorus Analyzers and Automated SRT Control to Achieve Harbour Delisting, Volume 5: Management and Facility Operations; Proceedings of the 68th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference; Miami Beach, Florida, Oct 21-25; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia; pp 673-684.
10. Burrows, L. J.; West, J. R.; Forster, C. F.; Martin, A. (2001) Mixing Studies in an Orbal Activated Sludge System. Water SA, 27 (1), 79-83.
11. Chen, K. C.; Lee, S. C.; Chin, S. C.; Houng, J. Y. (1998) Simultaneous Carbon-Nitrogen Removal in Wastewater Using Phosphorylated PVA-Immobilized Microorganisms. Enzyme Microbiol. Technol., 23 (5), 311-320.
12. Chen, Z.-B.; Nie, S.-K.; Ren, N.-Q.; Chen, Z.-Q.; Wang, H.-C.; Cui, M.-H. (2011) Improving the Efficiencies of Simultaneous Organic Substrate and Nitrogen Removal in a Multi-Stage Loop Membrane Bioreactor-Based PWWTP Using an On-Line Knowledge-Based Expert System. Water Res., 45 (16), 5266-5278.
13. Chu, K. H.; van veldhuizen, H. M.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2003) Respirometric Measurement of Kinetic Parameters: Effect of Activated Sludge Floc Size. Water Sci. Technol., 48 (8), 61-68.
14. Cinar, O.; Daigger, G. T.; Graef, S. P. (1998) Evaluation of IAWQ Activated Sludge Model No. 2 Using Steady-State Data From Four Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants. Water Environ. Res., 70, 1216-1224.
15. Collivignarelli, C.; Bertanza, G. (1999) Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification Process in Activated Sludge Plants: Performance Applicability. Water Sci. Technol., 40 (4/5), 187-194.
16. Daigger, G. T.; Adams, C. D.; Steller, H. K. (2007) Diffusion of Oxygen Through Activated Sludge Flocs: Experimental Measurements, Modeling, and Implications for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification. Water Environ. Res., 79, 2007, 375-387.
17. Daigger, G. T.; Littleton, H. X. (2000) Characterization of Simultaneous Nutrient Removal in Staged, Closed-Loop Bioreactors. Water Environ. Res., 72, 330-339.
18. Datta, T.; Goel, R. (2010) Evidence and Long-Term Feasibility of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Oxidation-Ditch Type of Aerated-Anoxic Activated Sludge Systems. J. Environ. Eng., 136 (11), 1237-1247.
19. de Bruin, L. L. M.; de Kreuk, M. K.; van der Roest, H. F. R.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M.; Uijterlinde, C. (2004) Aerobic Granular sludge Technology, Alternative for Activated Sludge Technology? Water Sci. Technol., 49, 1-9.
20. de Kreuk, M. K.; Picioreanu, C.; Hossenini, M.; Xavier, J. B.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2007) Kinetic Model of a Granular Sludge SBR: Influences on Nutrient Removal. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 97 (4), 801-815.
21. de Kreuk, M. K.; Heijnen, J. J.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2005) Simultaneous COD, Nitrogen, and Phosphate Removal by Aerobic Granular Sludge. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 90 (6), 761-769.
22. Drews, R. J. L. C.; Greef, A. M. (1973) Nitrogen Elimination by Rapid Alternation of Aerobic/Anoxic Conditions in Orbal Activated Sludge Plants. Water Res., 7, 1183-1194.
23. Drews, R. J. L. C.; Malan, W. M.; Meiring, P. G. J.; Moffat, B. (1972) The "Orbal" Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Plant. J. - Water Pollut. Control Fed., 44 (2), 221-231.
24. Giesen, A.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M.; Niermans, R. (2012) Aerobic Granular Biomass: The New Standard for Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Treatment? Water 21, April, 28-30.
25. Giraldo, E.; Jjemba, P.; Liu, Y.; Muthukrishnan, S. (2011) Presence and Significance of ANAMMOX spcs and Ammonia Oxidizing Archea, AOA, in Full Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Total Nitrogen Removal. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation/International Water Association Conference on Nutrient Recovery and Management 2011 [CD-ROM]; Miami, Florida, Jan 9-12; pp 607-616.
26. Golla, P. S.; Reddy, M. P.; Simms, M. K.; Laken, T. K. (1994) Three Years of Full-Scale CAPTORt Process Operation at Moundsville WWTP. Water Sci. Technol., 29 (10/11), 175-181.
27. Goronszy, M. C.; Demoulin, G.; Newland, M. (1996) Aerated Denitrification in Full-Scale Activated Sludge Facilities. Water Sci. Technol., 34, 487-491.
28. Grady, C. P. L., Jr.; Daigger, G. T.; Love, N. G.; Filipe, C. D. M. (2011) Biological Wastewater Treatment, 3rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida.
29. Gresch, M.; Armbruster, M.; Braun, D.; Gujer, W. (2011) Effects of Aeration Patterns on the Flow Field in Wastewater Aeration Tanks. Water Res., 45 (2), 810-818.
30. Gresch, M.; Braun, D.; Gujer, W. (2010) The Role of the Flow Pattern in Wastewater Aeration Tanks. Water Sci. Technol., 61 (2), 407-414.
31. Guo, H. Y.; Zhou, J. T.; Su, J.; Zhang, Z. Y. (2005) Integration of Nitrification and Denitrification in Airlift Bioreactor. Biochem. Eng. J., 23 (1), 57-62.
32. Hanaki, K.; Wantawin, C.; Ohgaki, S. (1990) Nitrification at Low Levels of Dissolved Oxygen With and Without Organic Loading in a Suspended-Growth Reactor. Water Res., 24 (3), 297-302.
33. Henze, M.; Gujer, W.; Mino, T.; van Loosdrecht, M. (2000) Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2D, and ASM3; IWA Publishing: London, U.K.
34. Hibiya, K.; Terada, A.; Tsuneda, S.; Hirata, A. (2003) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification by Controlling Vertical and Horizontal Microenvironment in a Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor. J. Biotechnol., 100, 23-32.
35. Holman, J. B.; Wareham, D. G. (2005) COD, Ammonia, and Dissolved Oxygen Time Profiles in the Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Process. Biochem. Eng. J., 22, 125-133.
36. Hocaoglu, S. M.; Sinsel, G.; Cokgor, E. U.; Orhan, D. (2011a) Effect of Low Dissolved Oxygen on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Membrane Bioreactor Treating Black Water. Bioresour. Technol., 102 (6), 4333-4340.
37. Hocaoglu, S. M.; Insel, G.; Cokgor, E. U.; Orhan, D. (2011b) Effect of Sludge Age on Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Membrane Bioreactor. Bioresour. Technol., 102 (12), 6665-6672.
38. Insel, G.; Russell, D.; Beck, B.; Vanrolleghem, P. A. (2003) Evaluation of Nutrient Removal Performance for an Orbal Plant Using the ASM2d Model. Proceedings of the 76th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference [CD-ROM]; Los Angeles, California, Oct 11-15; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia.
39. Jimenez, J.; Dursun, D.; Dold, P.; Bratby, J.; Keller, J.; Parker, D. (2010) Simultaneous Nitrification-Denitrification to Meet Low Effluent Nitrogen Limits: Modeling, Performance and Reliability. Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference [CD-ROM]; New Orleans, Louisiana, Oct 2-6; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia; pp 2404-2420.
40. Ju, L. K.; Huang, L.; Trivedi, H. (2007) Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification, and Phosphorus Removal in Single-Tank Low-Dissolved-Oxygen Systems Under Cyclic Aeration. Water Environ. Res., 79 (8), 912-920.
41. Lau, A. O.; Strom, P. F.; Jenkins, D. (1984) The Competitive Growth of Floc-Forming and Filamentous Bacteria: A Model for Activated Sludge Bulking. J.- Water Pollut. Control Fed., 56, 52-61.
42. Le Moullec, Y.; Potier, O.; Gentric, C.; Leclerc, J. P. (2011) Activated Sludge Pilot Plant: Comparison Between Experimental and Predicted Concentration Profiles using Three Different Modelling Approaches. Water Res., 45 (10), 3085-3097.
43. Li, B.; Bishop, P. L. (2004) Micro-Profiles of Activated Sludge Floc Determined Using Microelectrodes. Water Res., 38 (5), 1248-1258.
44. Li, B.; Bishop, P. L. (2003a) Modeling of the Micro-Environment of Activated Sludge Floc with Experimental and Theoretical Methods. J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 2 (1), 27-37.
45. Li, B.; Bishop, P. L. (2003b) Structure-Function Dynamics and Modeling Analysis of the Microenvironment of Activated Sludge Floc. Water Sci. Technol., 47 (11), 267-273.
46. Littleton, H. X.; Daigger, G. T.; Strom, P. F.; Cowan, R. A. (2003) Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal: Evaluation of Autotrophic Denitrification, Heterotrophic Nitrification, and Biological Phosphorus Removal. Water Environ. Res., 75, 138-150.
47. Littleton, H. X., Daigger, G. T.; Strom, P. F. (2007a) Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Closed-Loop Bioreactors: I. Characterization and Simulation of Fluid-Flow Pattern and Oxygen Transfer. Water Environ. Res., 79, 600-612. (Pubitemid 351534701)
48. Littleton, H. X.; Daigger, G. T.; Strom, P. F. (2007b) Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Closed-Loop Bioreactors: II. Simulation of Biological Phosphorus Removal Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Water Environ. Res., 79, 613-624.
49. Liu, Y.; Shi, H.; Shi, H.; Wang, Z. (2010) Study on a Discrete-Time Dynamic Control Model to Enhance Nitrogen Removal with Fluctuation of Influent in Oxidation Ditches. Water Res., 44 (18), 5150-5157.
50. Menoud, P.; Wong, C. H.; Robinson, H. A.; Farquhar, A.; Barford, J. P.; Barton, G. W. (1999) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification Using Siporax e Packing. Water Sci. Technol., 40 (4/5), 153-160.
51. Mosquera-Coral, A.; de Kreuk, M. J.; Heijnen, J. J.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2005) Effects of Oxygen Concentration on N-Removal in an Aerobic Granular Sludge Reactor. Water Res., 39 (12), 2676-2686.
52. Münch, E.; Lant, P.; Keller, J. (1996) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Bench-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactors. Water Res., 30 (2), 277-284. (Pubitemid 26007257)
53. Ni, B.-J.; Yu, H.-Q. (2010) Mathematical Modelling of Aerobic Granular Sludge: A Review. Biotechnol. Advances, 28 (6), 895-909.
54. Park, H.-D.; Noguera, D. R. (2008) Nitrospira Community Composition in Nitrifying Reactors Operated with Two Different dissolved Oxygen Levels. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18 (8), 1470-1474.
55. Park, H.-D.; Whang, L.-M.; Reusser, S. R.; Noguera, D. R. (2006) Taking Advantage of Aerated-Anoxic Operation in a Full-Scale University of Cape Town Process. Water Environ. Res., 78 (6), 637-642.
56. Park, H.-D.; Regan, J. M.; Noguera, D. R. (2001) Molecular Analysis of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Populations in Aerated-Anoxic Orbal Processes. Water Sci. Technol., 46 (1/2), 273-279.
57. Perez, J.; Picioreanu, C.; van Loosdrecht, M. (2005) Modeling Biofilm and Floc Diffusion Processes Based on Analytical Solution of Reaction-Diffusion Equations. Water Res., 39, 1311-1323.
58. Pochana, K.; Keller, J. (1999) Study of Factors Affecting Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND). Water Sci. Technol., 39 (6), 61-68.
59. Puznava, N.; Payraudeau, M.; Thornberg, D. (2001) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Biofilters with Real-Time Aeration Control. Water Sci. Technol., 43 (1), 269-276.
60. Randall, C. W.; Barnard, J. L.; Stensel, H. D. (1992) Design and Retrofit of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal; Technomical Publishing: Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
61. Rittman, B. E.; Langeland, W. E. (1985) Simultaneous Denitrification with Nitrification in Single-Channel Oxidation Ditches. J. - Water Pollut. Control Fed., 57, 300-308.
62. Santegoeds, C. M.; Schramm, A.; de Beer, D. (1998) Microsensors as a Tool to Determine chemical Microgradients and Bacterial Activity in Wastewater Biofilms and Flocs. Biodegradation, 9, 159-167.
63. Sarioglu, M.; Insel, G.; Artan, N.; Orhon, D. (2010) Effect of Anoxic Decay Process on Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification in a Membrane Bioreactor Operated without an Anoxic Tank. Water Sci. Technol., 61 (3), 771-780.
64. Sarioglu, M.; Insel, G.; Aratan, N.; Orhon, D. (2009a) Model Evaluation of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Membrane Bioreactor Operated Without an Anoxic Reactor. J. Membrane Sci., 337, 17-27.
65. Sarioglu, M.; Insel, G.; Artan, N.; Orhon, D. (2009b) Modeling Nitrogen Removal Performance of a Membrane Bioreactor Under Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics. Environ. Eng. Sci., 26, 907-919.
66. Sarioglu, M.; Insel, G.; Artan, N.; Orhon, D. (2009c) Effect of Biomass Concentration on the Performance and Modeling of Nitrogen Removal for Membrane Bioreactors. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 44, 733-743.
67. Sarioglu, M.; Insel, G.; Artan, N.; Orhon, D. (2009d) Impact of Dissolved Oxygen and Anoxic Decay on the Longterm Modeling of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SNdN) in a Pilot Scale MBR. Proceedings of the 82nd Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference [CD-ROM]; Orlando, Florida, Oct 10-14; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia; pp 2711-2729.
68. Sarioglu, M.; Insel, G.; Artan, N.; Orhon, D. (2008) Modelling of Long-Term Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SNDN) Performance of a Pilot Scale Membrane Bioreactor. Water Sci. Technol., 57 (11), 1825-1833.
69. Schramm, A.; Santegoeds, C. M.; Nielsen, H. K.; Ploug, H.; Wagner, M.; Pribyl, M.; Wanner, J.; Amann, R.; De Beer, D. (1999) On the Occurrence of Anoxic Microniches, Denitrification, and Sulfate Reduction in Aerated Activated Sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65 (9), 4189-4196.
70. Sobremisana, A. P.; Ducoste, J. J.; de los Reyes, III, F. L. (2011) Combining CFD, Floc Dynamics, and Biological Reaction Kinetics to Model Carbon and Nitrogen Removal in an Activated Sludge System. Proceedings of the 84th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference [CD-ROM]; Los Angles, California, Oct 15-19; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia; pp 3272-3282.
71. Stenstrom, M. K.; Song, S. S. (1991) Effects of Oxygen Transport Limitation on Nitrification in the Activated Sludge Process. Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 63 (3), 208-219.
72. Strom, P. F.; Littleton, H. X.; Daigger, G. T. (2004) Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment; 00-CTS-17UR; Water Environment Research Foundation: Alexandria, Virginia.
73. Svardal, K.; Lindtner, S.; Winkler, S. (2003) Optimum Aerobic Volume Control Based on Continuous In-Line Oxygen Uptake Monitoring. Water Sci. Technol., 47 (11), 305-312.
74. Thauré, D.; Lemoine, C.; Daniel, O.; Moatamri, N.; Chabrol, J. (2008) Optimisation of Aeration for Activated Sludge Treatment with Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification. Water Sci. Technol., 58 (3), 639-645.
75. Tian, Y.; Lu, Y. (2010) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification Process in a New Tubigicidae-Reator for Minimizing Nutrient Release During Sludge Reduction. Water Res., 44 (20), 6031-6040.
76. van Huyssteen, J. A.; Barnard, J. L.; Hendriksz, J. (1990) The Olifantsfontein Nutrient Removal Plant. Water Sci. Technol., 22 (7/8), 1-8.
77. Wandl, G. G.; Kroiss, H. H.; Svardal, K. K. (2006) The Main Wastewater Treatment Plant of Vienna: An Example of Cost Effective Wastewater Treatment for Large Cities. Water Sci. Technol., 54 (10), 79-86.
78. Wilén, B.-M.; Gapes, D.; Keller, J. (2004) Determination of External and Internal Mass Transfer Limitation in Nitrifying Microbial Aggregates. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 86 (4), 445-457. (Pubitemid 38667955)
79. Yang, Y.; Yang, J.; Zuo, J.; Li, Y.; He, S.; Yang, X.; Zhang, K. (2011) Study on Two Operating Conditions of a Full-Scale Oxidation Ditch for Optimization of Energy Consumption and Effluent by Using CFD Model. Water Res., 45, 3439-3452.
80. Yang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Yang, X.; Zhang, K.; Yang, J. (2010) Flow Field Prediction in Full-Scale Carrousel Oxidation Ditch by Using Computation Fluid Dynamics. Water Sci. Technol., 62 (2), 256-265.
81. Yilmaz, G.; Lemaire, R.; Keller, J.; Yuan, Z. (2008) Simultaneous Nitrification, Denitrification, and Phosphorus Removal From Nutrient-Rich Industrial Wastewater Using Granular Sludge. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 100 (3), 529-541.
82. Yu, T.; Qi, R.; Li, D.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, M. (2010) Nitrifier Characteristics in Submerged Membrane Bioreactors Under Different Sludge Retention Times. Water Res., 44 (9), 2823-2830.
83. Zhao, H. W.; Mavinic, D. S.; Oldham, W. K.; Koch, F. A. (1999) Controlling Factors for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Two-Stage Intermittent Aeration Process Treating Domestic Sewage. Water Res., 33 (4), 961-970.
84. Zhou, M.; Gong, J.; Yang, C.; Pu, W. (2013) Simulation of the Performance of Aerobic Granular Sludge SBR Using Modified ASM3 Model. Bioresour. Technol., 127, 47-481.
85. Zhu, G. B.; Peng, Y. Z.; Wu, S. Y.; Wang, S. U.; Xu, S. W. (2007) Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Step Feeding Biological Nitrogen Removal Process. J. Environ. Sci. (China), 19 (9), 1043-1048.
86. Zilles, J. L.; Peccia, J.; Noguera, D. R. (2002) Microbiology of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Aerated-Anoxic Orbal Processes. Water Environ. Res., 74, 428-436.