Measures of socioeconomic position are not consistently associated with ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease in scotland: Methods from the scottish health and ethnicity linkage study (SHELS)

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 129-139

  Fischbacher, Colin M ^a,b   Cezard, Geneviéve ^b   Bhopal, Raj S ^b   Pearce, Jamie ^b   Bansal, Narinder ^b  

^a INFORMATION SERVICES DIVISION   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Cohort studies; Epidemiology; Ethnic groups; Scotland

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNICITY; HEALTH RISK; HOSPITAL SECTOR; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; WILD POPULATION;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAR; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHINESE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INDIAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; OCCUPATION; PAKISTAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCOTTISH HEALTH AND ETHNICITY LINKAGE STUDY; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED KINGDOM; AGE DISTRIBUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SURVEY; HOSPITALIZATION; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SEX RATIO; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY;

SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EPINEPHELUS AENEUS;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SCOTLAND; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 84896846401     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt237     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Davey Smith G, Chaturvedi N, Harding S, Nazroo J, Williams R. Ethnic inequalities in health: a review of UK epidemiological evidence. Crit Public Health 2000;10: 376-408.
2. Nazroo J. The Health of Britain's Ethnic Minorities. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1997.
3. Wild SH, Fischbacher C, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of birth in England and Wales 2001-2003. J Public Health 2007;29:191-98.
4. Sproston K, Mindell J. Health Survey for England 2004. Vol 1: The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups. London: National Centre for Social Research, 2006.
5. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: Part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation 2001;104: 2855-64.
6. Office of the Chief Statistician. Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census: Summary Report. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2004.
7. Fischbacher CM, Bhopal R, Povey C et al. Record linked retrospective cohort study of 4.6 million people exploring ethnic variations in disease: myocardial infarction in South Asians. BMC Public Health 2007;7:142.
8. Bhopal RS, Bansal N, Fischbacher CM, Brown H, Capewell S. Ethnic variations in the incidence and mortality of stroke in the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study of 4.65 million people. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012;19:1503-08.
9. Bhopal RS, Bansal N, Fischbacher C, Brown H, Capewell S. on behalf of the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study (SHELS). Ethnic variations in chest pain and angina in men and women: Scottish Ethnicity and Health Linkage Study of 4.65 million people. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012;19:1250-57.
10. Bhopal RS, Bansal N, Fischbacher CM, Brown H, Capewell S. Ethnic variations in heart failure: Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study (SHELS). Heart 2012;98:468-73.
11. Fischbacher CM, Hunt S, Alexander L. How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review. J Public Health 2004;26:250-58.
12. Karlsen S, Nazroo J. Agency and structure: the impact of ethnic identity and racism on the health of ethnic minority people. Sociol Health Illn 2002;24:1-20.
13. Kaufman JS, Cooper RS, McGee DL. Socioeconomic status and health in blacks and whites: the problem of residual confounding and the resiliency of race. Epidemiology 1997;8:621-28.
14. Krieger N. Stormy weather: race, gene expression, and the science of health disparities. Am J Public Health 2005;95:2155-60.
15. Davey Smith G. Learning to live with complexity: ethnicity and health, socioeconomic position, and health in Britain and the United States. Am J Public Health 2000; 90:1694-98.
16. Nazroo JY. Genetic, cultural or socioeconomic vulnerability? Explaining ethnic inequalities in health. Sociol Health Illn 1998;20:714-34.
17. Nazroo JY. The structuring of ethnic inequalities in health: economic position, racial discrimination, and racism. Am J Public Health 2003;93:277-84.
18. Bhopal R, Hayes L, White M et al. Ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease, diabetes and risk factors in Europeans and South Asians. J Public Health Med 2002;24:95-105.
19. Harding S, Maxwell R. Differences in mortality of migrants. In: Drever F, Whitehead M (eds). Health Inequalities. London: HMSO, 1997.
20. Williams R, Wright W, Hunt K. Social class and health: the puzzling counter-example of British South Asians. Soc Sci Med 1998;47:1277-88.
21. Kelaher M, Paul S, Lambert H, Ahmad W, Davey Smith G. The impact of different measures of socioeconomic position on the relationship between ethnicity and health. Ann Epidemiol 2008;18:351-56.
22. Marmot M, Adelstein A, Bulusu L, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Immigrant Mortality in England and Wales 1970-78: Causes of Death by Country of Birth. London: HMSO, 1984.
23. Bhopal R, Fischbacher C, Povey C et al. Cohort profile: Scottish health and ethnicity linkage study of 4.65 million people exploring ethnic variations in disease in Scotland. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40:1168-75.
24. National Records of Scotland. Census 2001: Individual Household Form. Edinburgh: National Records of Scotland, 2001; http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/indform.pdf (28 October 2013, date last accessed).
25. UK Office for National Statistics. The National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guidemethod/classifications/current-standard-classifications/soc2010/soc2010-volume-3-ns-sec-rebased-on-soc2010-user-manual/index.html (29 October 2013, date last accessed).
26. Scottish Government. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/SIMD (28 October 2013, date last accessed).
27. National Records of Scotland. Census Data Quality. http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files/2001-cenvar-p15.pdf (28 October 2013, date last accessed).
28. Lorant V, Bhopal RS. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status and health research: insights from and implications of Charles Tilly's theory of Durable Inequality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011;65:671-75.
29. Bhopal RS, Bansal N, Steiner M, Brewster DH, on behalf of the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study. Does the 'Scottish effect' apply to all ethnic groups? All-cancer, lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer in the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Cohort Study. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001957.
30. Bansal N, Bhopal R, Netto G, Lyons D, Steiner MFC, Sashidharan SP. Disparate patterns of hospitalisation reflect unmet needs and persistent ethnic inequalities in mental health care: the Scottish health and ethnicity linkage study. Ethn Health 2013;11:1-23.
31. Becares L, Nazroo J, Albor C, Chandola T, Stafford M. Examining the differential association between self-rated health and area deprivation among white British and ethnic minority people in England. Soc Sci Med 2012;74:616-24.
32. Chandola T. Ethnic and class differences in health in relation to British South Asians: using the new National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52:1285-96.
33. Thomas C, Nightingale CM, Donin AS et al. Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors: Patterns in UK Children of South Asian, Black African-Caribbean and White European Origin. PLoS One 2012;7:e32619.
34. Thomas C, Nightingale CM, Donin AS et al. Ethnic and socioeconomic influences on childhood blood pressure: the Child Heart and Health Study in England. J Hypertens 2012;30:2090-97.
35. Lindström M, Sundquist J, Ostergren PO. Ethnic differences in self reported health in Malmö in southern Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55:97-103.
36. Wiking E, Johansson S-E, Sundquist J. Ethnicity, acculturation, and self reported health. A population based study among immigrants from Poland, Turkey, and Iran in Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:574-82.
37. Dinesen C, Nielsen SS, Mortensen LH, Krasnik A. Inequality in self-rated health among immigrants, their descendants and ethnic Danes: examining the role of socioeconomic position. Int J Public Health 2011;56: 503-14.
38. Reijneveld SA. Reported health, lifestyles, and use of health care of first generation immigrants in The Netherlands: do socioeconomic factors explain their adverse position? J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52: 298-304.
39. Bos V, Kunst AE, Garssen J, Mackenbach JP. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality within ethnic groups in the Netherlands, 1995-2000. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:329-35.
40. Karlamangla AS, Merkin SS, Crimmins EM, Seeman TE. Socioeconomic and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular risk in the United States, 2001-2006. Ann Epidemiol 2010;20:617-28.
41. Myers HF. Ethnicity- and socioeconomic status-related stresses in context: an integrative review and conceptual model. J Behav Med 2009;32:9-19.