Hardcore smoking does not necessarily indicate hardening

Addiction

Volumn 109, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 681-681

  Winter, Kelly Michelle ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATTITUDE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; SMOKING; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

ATTITUDE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SMOKING; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

EID: 84896714680     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: 13600443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/add.12453     Document Type: Letter

References (8)

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2. Hackshaw L., McEwen A., West R., Bauld L. Quit attempts in response to smoke-free legislation in England. Tob Control 2010; 19: 160-164.
3. Warner K., Burns D. Hardening and the hard-core smoker: concepts, evidence, and implications. Nicotine Tob Res 2003; 5: 37-48.
4. Burns D. M. The case against hardening of the target. In: Marcus S., editor. Those who Continue to Smoke: Is Achieving Abstinence Harder and Do We Need to Change Our Interventions? Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 15; NIH Publication no. 03-5370. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 2003, pp. 41-48.
5. Hughes J. R. The hardening hypothesis: is the ability to quit decreasing due to increasing nicotine dependence? A review and commentary. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 117: 111-117.
6. Cohen J. E., McDonald P. W., Selby P. Softening up on the hardening hypothesis. Tob Control 2012; 21: 265-266.
7. Chapman S., Wakefield M. A. Large-scale unassisted smoking cessation over 50 years: lessons from history for endgame planning in tobacco control. Tob Control 2013; 22: i33-35.
8. Docherty G., McNeill A. The hardening hypothesis: does it matter? Tob Control 2012; 21: 267-268.