The clinical utility of the auditory P300 latency subcomponent event-related potential in preclinical diagnosis of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Brain and Cognition

Volumn 86, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 64-74

  Howe, Aaron S ^a   Bani Fatemi, Ali ^a   De Luca, Vincenzo ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Biological marker; Event related potential; Mild cognitive impairment; P300 latency

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

AGE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; AUDITORY P300 LATENCY; AUDITORY STIMULATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; EVOKED AUDITORY RESPONSE; HUMAN; INTERSTIMULUS INTERVAL; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD; META ANALYSIS; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODROMAL SYMPTOM; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REFERENCE ELECTRODE; SAMPLING; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STIMULUS DIFFERENCE; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TARGET FREQUENCY;

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; P300 LATENCY;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS, P300; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT;

EID: 84896705282     PISSN: 02782626     EISSN: 10902147     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.015     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Albert M.S., DeKosky S.T., Dickson D., Dubois B., Feldman N.H., Fox N.C., et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the national institute on Aging-Alzheimer's association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2011, 7:270-279.
2. Ally B.A., Jones G.E., Cole J.A., Budson A.E. The P300 component in patients with Alzheimer's disease and their biological children. Biological Psychology 2006, 21:439-447.
3. Ashford J.W., Coburn K.L., Rose T.L., Bayley P.J. P300 energy loss in the aging and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011, 26:229-238.
4. Ball S.S., Marsh J.T., Schubarth G., Brown W.S., Strandburg R. Longitudinal P300 latency changes in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 1989, 44:195-200.
5. Bennys K., Portet F., Touchon J., Rondouin G. Diagnostic value of event-related evoked potentials N200 and P300 subcomponents in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2007, 24:405-412.
6. Bennys K., Rondouin G., Benattar E., Gabelle A., Touchon J. Can event-related potential predict the mild progression of mild cognitive impairment?. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2011, 28:625-632.
7. Blackwood D.H.R., St Clair D.M., Blackburn I.M., Tyrer G.M.B. Cognitive brain potentials and psychological deficits in Alzheimer's dementia and Korsakoff's amnesic syndrome. Psychological Medicine 1987, 17:349-358.
8. Boller F., El Massioui F., Devouche E., Traykov L., Pomati S., Starkstein S.E. Processing emotional information in Alzheimer's disease: Effects on memory performance and neurophysiological correlates. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2002, 14:104-112.
9. Bonanni L., Franciotti R., Onofrj V., Anzellotti F., Mancino E., Monaco D., et al. Revisiting P300 cognitive studies for dementia diagnosis: Early dementia with lewy bodies (dlb) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurophysiologie Clinique 2010, 40:255-265.
10. Brown W.S., Marsh J.T., LaRue A. Event-related potentials in psychiatry: Differentiating depression and dementia in the elderly. Los Angeles Neurological Societies 1982, 47:91.
11. Brown W.S., Marsh J.T., LaRue A. Exponential electrophysiological aging: P3 latency. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1983, 55:277-285.
12. Caravaglios G., Costanzo E., Palermo F., Muscoso E.G. Decreased amplitude of auditory event-related delta responses in Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2008, 70:23-32.
13. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1998, Academic Press, New York. 2nd ed.
14. Corey-Bloom J., Polich J. Alzheimer's disease and P300: Review and evaluation of task and modality. Current Alzheimer Research 2005, 2:515-525.
15. Daffner K.R., Rentz D.M., Scinto L.F., Faust R., Budson A.E., Holcomb P.J. Pathophysiology underlying diminished attention to novel events in patients with early AD. Neurology 2001, 56:1377-1883.
16. Donchin E. The P300 as a metric for mental workload. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Supplement 1987, 39:338-343.
17. Engel R.R., Satzger W., Gunther W., Kathmann N., Bove D., Gerke S., et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. European Neuropsychopharmacology 1992, 2:149-155.
18. Filipovic S.R., Kostic V.S. Utility of auditory P300 in detection of presenile dementia. Journal of Neurological Science 1995, 131:150-155.
19. Ford J.M., Roth W.T., Isaacks B.G., Tinklenberg J.R., Yesavage J., Pfefferbaum A. Automatic and effortful processing in aging and dementia: Event-related brain potentials. Neurobiology of Aging 1997, 18:169-180.
20. Ford J.M., Sullivan E.V., Marsh L., White P.M., Lim K.O., Pfefferbaum A. The relationship between P300 amplitude and regional gray matter volumes depends upon attentional systems engaged. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1994, 90:214-228.
21. Frodl T., Hampel H., Juckel G., Burger K., Padberg F., Engel R.R., et al. Value of event-related P300 subcomponents in the clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Psychophysiology 2002, 39:175-181.
22. Gironell A., García-Sánchez C., Estévez-González A., Boltes A., Kulisevsky J. Usefulness of p300 in subjective memory complaints: A prospective study. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2005, 22:279-284.
23. Golob E.J., Irimajiri R., Starr A. Auditory cortical activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Relationship to subtype and conversion to dementia. Brain 2007, 130:740-752.
24. Golob E.J., Johnson A.K., Starr A. Auditory event-related potentials during target detection are abnormal in mild cognitive impairment. Clinical Neurophysiology 2002, 113:151-161.
25. Golob E.J., Ringman J.M., Irimajiri R., Bright S., Schaffer B., Medina L.D. Cortical event-related potentials in preclinical familial Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2009, 73:1649-1655.
26. Golob E.J., Starr A. Effects of stimulus sequence on event-related potentials and reaction time during target detection in Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Neurophysiology 2000, 111:1438-1449.
27. Goodin D.S. P300 latency as a biologic marker of dementia. Biological Psychiatry 1986, 121:1111-1113.
28. Goodin D.S., Aminoff M.J. Electrophysiological differences between subtypes of dementia. Brain 1986, 109:1103-1113.
29. Goodin D.S., Squires K.C., Henderson B.H., Starr A. Age-related variations in evoked potentials to auditory stimuli in normal human subjects. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1978, 45:447-458.
30. Goodin D.S., Squires K.C., Starr A. Long-latency event-related components of the auditory evoked potential in dementia. Brain 1978, 101:635-648.
31. Goodin D.S., Starr A., Chippendale T., Squires K.S. Sequential changes in the P3 component of the auditory evoked potential in confusional states and dementing illness. Neurology 1983, 33:1215.
32. Gordon E., Kraiuhin C., Harris A., Meares R., Howson A. The differential diagnosis of dementia using P300 latency. Biological Psychiatry 1986, 21:1123.
33. Gordon E., Kraiuhin C., Zurynski Y., Rennie C., Laudau P., Singer A., et al. The P300 event-related potential and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology 1989, 26:73-80.
34. Gottlieb D., Wertman E., Bentin S. Passive listening and task related P300 measurement for the evaluation of dementia and pseudodementia. Clinical Electroencephalography 1991, 22:102-107.
35. Gozke E., Tomrukcu S., Erdal N. Visual event-related potentials in patients with mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Gerontology 2013, Available from http://www.ijge-online.com/article/S1873-9598(13)00042-2/abstract. 10.1016/j.ijge.2013.03.006.
36. Gungor H.A., Yildiz A., Aydin F., Gungor F., Boz A., Ozkaynak S. Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT findings in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with event related potentials. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2005, 234:47-53.
37. Hanafusa H., Motomura N., Fukai M. Event-related potentials in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, multi-infarct dementia and Parkinson's disease. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry 1991, 45:667-670.
38. Hirata K., Hozumi A., Tanaka H., Kubo J., Zeng X.H., Yamazaki K., et al. Abnormal information processing in dementia of Alzheimer type. A study using the event-related potentials' field. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2000, 250:152-155.
39. Holt L.E., Raine A., Pa G., Schneider L.S., Henderson V.W., Pollock V.E. P300 topography in Alzheimer's disease. Psychophysiology 1995, 32:257-265.
40. Irimajiri R., Golob E.J., Starr A. ApoE genotype and abnormal auditory cortical potentials in healthy older females. Neurobiology of Aging 2010, 31:1799-1804.
41. Ito J., Yamao S., Fukuda H., Mimori Y., Nakamura S. The P300 event-related potentials in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Correlations between P300 and monoamine metabolites. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1990, 77:174-178.
42. Jeon W.J., Polich J. Meta-analysis of P300 and schizophrenia: Patients, paradigms, practical implications. Pathophysiology 2003, 40:684-701.
43. Jiménez-Escrig A., Fernandez-Lorente J., Herrero A., Baron M., Lousa M., de Blas G. Event-related evoked potential P300 in frontotemporal dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2002, 13:27-32.
44. Johnson R., Pfefferbaum A., Kopell B.S. P300 and long-term memory: Latency predicts recognition performance. Psychophysiology 1985, 22:447.
45. Juckel G., Clotz F., Frodl T., Kawohl W., Hampel H., Pogarell O. Diagnostic usefulness of cognitive auditory event-related p300 subcomponents in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2008, 25:147-152.
46. Juckel G., Karch S., Kawohl W., Kirsch V., Jager L., Leicht G., et al. Age effects on the P300 potential and the corresponding fMRI BOLD-signal. Neuroimage 2012, 60:2027-2034.
47. Kakigi R., Neshige R., Matsuda Y., Kuroda Y. Auditory P300 response in Down's syndrome: Comparison with Alzheimer-type dementia and normal control. Pathophysiology 1994, 1:35-39.
48. Katada E., Sato K., Ojika K., Ueda R. Cognitive event-related potentials: Useful clinical information in Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research 2004, 1:63-69.
49. Knott V., Mohr E., Hache N., Mahoney C., Mendis T. EEG and the passive P300 in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Clinical Electroencephalography 1999, 30:64-72.
50. Knott V., Mohr E., Mahoney C., Engeland C., Ilivitsky V. Effects of acute nicotine administration on cognitive event-related potentials in tacrine-treated and non-treated patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychobiology 2002, 45:156-160.
51. Kraiuhin C., Gordon E., Coyle S., Sara G., Rennie C., Howson A., et al. Normal latency of the P300 event-related potential in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease and depression. Biological Psychiatry 1990, 28:372-386.
52. Lai C.L., Lin R.T., Liou L.M., Liu C.K. The role of event-related potentials in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Neurophysiology 2010, 121:194-199.
53. Lee M.S., Lee S.H., Moon E.O., Moon Y.J., Kim S., Kim S.H. Neurophysiological correlates of the P300 in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2013, 40:62-69.
54. Marsh J.T., Schubarth G., Brown W.S., Riege W., Strandburg R., Dorsey D., et al. PET and P300 relationships in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 1990, 11:471-476.
55. McKhann G., Drachman D., Folstein M., Katzman R., Prince D., Stadlan E.M. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force. Neurology 1984, 34:939.
56. McKhann G.M., Knopman D.S., Chertkow H., Hyman B.T., Jack C.R., Kawas C.H., et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the national institute on aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2011, 7:263-269.
57. Medvidovic S., Titlic M., Maras-Simunic M. P300 evoked potential in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Acta Informatica Medica 2013, 21:89-92.
58. Mochizuki Y., Oishi M., Takasu T. Correlations between P300 components and regional cerebral blood flows. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2001, 8:407-410.
59. Muscoso E.G., Costanzo E., Daniele O., Maugeri D., Natale E., Caravaglios G. Auditory event-related potentials in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neural Transmission 2006, 113:1779-1786.
60. Neshige R., Barrett G., Shibasaki H. Auditory long latency event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1988, 51:1120-1125.
61. Onofrj M., Gambi D., Del Re M.L., Fulgente T., Bazzano S., Colamartino P., et al. Mapping of event-related potentials to aduitory and visual odd-ball paradigms in patients affected by different forms of dementia. European Neurology 1991, 31:259-269.
62. Onofrj M., Thomas A., Luciano A.L., Iacono D., Di Rollo A., D'Andreamatteo G., et al. Donepezil versus vitamin E in Alzheimer's disease: Part 2: Mild versus moderate-severe Alzheiemrs' disease. Clinical Neuropharmacology 2002, 25:207-215.
63. Ortiz T., Martin Loeches M., Miguel F., Abdad E.V., Puente A.E. P300 latency and amplitude in the diagnosis of dementia. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1994, 50:381-388.
64. Papaliagkas V.T., Kimiskidis V.K., Tsolaki M.N., Anogianakis G. Usefulness of event-related potentials in the assessment of mild cognitive impairment. BMC Neuroscience 2008, 9:107.
65. Papaliagkas V.T., Kimiskidis V.K., Tsolaki M.N., Anogianakis G. Cognitive event-related potentials: Longitudinal changes in mild cognitive impairment. Clinical Neurophysiology 2011, 122:1322-1326.
66. Papaliaigkas V.T., Anogianakis G., Tsolaki M.N., Koliakos G., Kimiskidis V.K. Combination of P300 and CSF B-amyloid(1-42) assays may provide a potential tool in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research 2010, 7:295-299.
67. Parra M.A., Ascencio L.L., Urquina H.F., Manes F., Ibanez A.M. P300 and neuropsychological assessment in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer dementia. Frontiers in Neurology 2012, 3:172.
68. Patterson J.V., Michalewski H.J., Starr A. Latency variability of the components of auditory event-related potentials to infrequent stimuli in aging, Alzheimer-type dementia, and depression. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1988, 71:450-460.
69. Pfefferbaum A., Ford J.M., Wenegrat B.G., Roth W.T., Kopell B.S. Clinical applications of the P3 component of event-related potentials. I. Normal aging. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1984, 59:85-103.
70. Pfefferbaum A., Wenegrat B.G., Ford J.M., Roth W.T., Kopell B.S. Clinical applications of the P3 component of event-related potentials. II, dementia, depression and schizophrenia. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1984, 59:104.
71. Picton T., Hillyard S. Human auditory evoked potentials. II. Effects of attention. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1974, 36:179-190.
72. Picton T.W., Stuss D.T., Champagne S.C., Nelson R.F. The effects of age on the human event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 1984, 21:312.
73. Pokryszko-Dragan A., Sfoltwinski K., Podemski R. Modality specific changes in P300 parameters in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Medical Science Monitor 2003, 9:130-134.
74. Polich J. P300 and Alzheimer's disease. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 1989, 43:493-499.
75. Polich J. Meta-analysis of P300 normative aging studies. Psychophysiology 1996, 33:334-353.
76. Polich J. Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology 2007, 44:245-250.
77. Polich J., Corey-Bloom J. Alzheimer's disease and P300: Review and evaluation of task and modality. Current Alzheimer Research 2005, 2:515-525.
78. Polich J., Ehlers C.L., Otis S., Mandell A.J., Bloom F.E. P300 latency reflects the degree of cognitive decline in dementing illness. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1986, 63:138-144.
79. Polich J., Herbst K.L. P300 as a clinical assay: Rationale, evaluation, and findings. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2000, 38:3-19.
80. Polich J., Pitzer A. P300 and Alzheimer's disease: Oddball task difficulty and modality effects. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Supplement 1999, 50:281-287.
81. Polich J., Pollock V., Bloom F.E. Meta-analysis of P300 amplitude from males at risk for alcoholism. Psychological Bulletin 1994, 115:55-73.
82. Reeves R.R., Struve F.A., Patrick G., Booker J.G., Nave D.W. The effects of donepezil on the P300 auditory and visual cognitive evoked potentials of patients with Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1999, 7:349-352.
83. Rothstein H.R., Sutton A.J., Borenstein M. Publication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment, and adjustments 2005, John Wiley & Sons, England.
84. Saito H., Yamazaki H., Matsuoka H., Matsumoto K., Numachi Y., Yoshida S., et al. Visual event-related potential in mild dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2001, 55:365-371.
85. Saletu B., Paulus E., Linzmayer L., Anderer P., Semlitsch H.V., Grunberfer J., et al. Nicergoline in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical and EEG/ERP mapping study. Psychopharmacology (Berline) 1995, 117:385-395.
86. Schiff S., Valenti P., Andrea P., Lot M., Bisiacchi P., Gatta A., et al. The effect of aging on auditory components of event-related potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology 2008, 119:1795-1802.
87. Semlitsch H.V., Anderer P., Saletu B. Topographic mapping of long latency "cognitive" event-related potentials (P300): A double-blind, placebo-controlled study with amantadine in mild dementia. Journal of Neural Transmission-Parkinsons Disease and Dementia Section 1992, 4:319-336.
88. Slaets J.P., Fortgens C. On the value of P300 event-related potentials in the differential diagnosis of dementia. British. J. Psychiatry. 1984, 145:652-656.
89. Sloan E.P., Fenton G.W., Kennedy N.S., MacLennan J.M. Neurophysiology and SPECT cerebral blood flow patterns in dementia. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1994, 91:163-170.
90. Sperling R.A., Aisen P.S., Beckett L.A., Bennett D.A., Craft S., Fagan A.M., et al. Towards defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2011, 7:263-269.
91. Squires N.K., Squires K.C., Hillyard S.A. Two varieties of long-latency positive waves evoked by unpredicable auditory stimuli in man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1975, 39:387-401.
92. Squires K., Wickens C., Squires N.C., Donchin E. The effect of stimulus sequence on the waveform of the cortical event-related potential. Science 1976, 193:1142.
93. St Clair D.M., Blackburn I., Blackwood D., Tyrer G. Measuring the course of Alzheimer's disease. A longitudinal neurophysiological function and changes in P3 event-related potential. British Journal of Psychiatry 1988, 152:48-54.
94. St Clair D.M., Blackwood D.H., Christie J.E. P3 and other long latency auditory evoked potentials in presenile dementia Alzheimer type and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 1985, 147:702-706.
95. Sumi N., Nan'no H., Fujimoto O., Ohta Y., Takeda M. Interpeak latency of auditory event-related potentials in senile depression and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2000, 54:679-684.
96. Swanwick G.R.J., Rowan M.J., Coen R.F., Coakley D., Lawlor B.A. Prognostic value of electrophysiological markers in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1999, 7:335-338.
97. Swanwick G.R., Rowan M., Coen R.F., O'Mahoney D., Lee H., Lawlor B.A., et al. Clinical application of electrophysiological markers in the differential diagnosis of depression and very mild Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1996, 60:82-86.
98. Syndulko K., Hansch E.C., Cohen S.N., Pearce J.W., Goldberg Z., Montan B., et al. Long latency event-related potentials in normal aging and dementia. Advances in Neurology 1982, 32:279-285.
99. Szelies B., Mielke R., Grond M., Heiss W.D. P300 in Alzheimer's disease: Relationships to dementia severity and glucose metabolism. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1995, 130:77-81.
100. Tachibana H., Kawabata K., Takeda M., Sugita M. Multimodal evoked potentials in Binswanger's disease and Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993, 69:197-206.
101. Tachibana H., Takeda M., Okuda B., Kawabata K., Nishimura H., Kodama N., et al. Multimodal evoked potentials in Alzheimer's disease and Binswanger's disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 1996, 9:7-12.
102. Taguchi S., Fujimoto O., Takamori N., Hanatani T., Sumi N., Nan'no H., et al. Neurophysiological evaluation of late paraphrenia: Comparison with chronic schizophrenia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychogeriatrics 2003, 3:29-38.
103. Takeda M., Tachibana H., Kawabata K., Kida Y., Yoshikawa H., Okuda B. Multi-modal evoked potentials in corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer disease. International Congress Series 2005, 1278:145-148.
104. Tanaka F., Kachi T., Yamada T., Sobue G. Auditory and visual event-related potentials and flash visual evoked potentials in Alzheimer's disease: Correlations with mini-mental state examination and Raven's coloured progressive matrices. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1998, 156:83-88.
105. Thomas A., Iacono D., Bonanni L., D'Andreamatteo G., Onofrj M. Donepezil, rivastigmine, and vitamin E in Alzheimer disease: A combined P300 event-related potentials/neuropsychologic evaluation over 6 months. Clinical Neuropharmacology 2001, 24:31-42.
106. Van Deursen J.A., Vuurman E.F., Smits L.L., Veryhey F.R., Riedel W.J. Response speed, contingent negative variation and P300 in Alzheimer's disease and MCI. Brain and Cognition 2009, 69:592-599.
107. Van Gool W.A., Waardenburg J., Meyies F.E., Weinstein H.C., De Wilde A. The effect of tetrahydroacridine (THA) on P300 in Alzheimer's disease. Biological Psychiatry 1991, 30:953-957.
108. Verleger R., Kömpf D., Neukäter W. Event-related EEG potentials in mild dementia of the Alzheimer type. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1992, 84:332-343.
109. Viechtbauer W. Bias and efficiency of meta-analytic variance estimators in the random-effects model. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 2005, 30:261-293.
110. Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software 2010, 36:1-48.
111. Werber A.E., Klein C., Rabey J.M. Evaluation of cholinergic treatment in demented patients by P300 evoked potentials. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 2001, 35:37-43.
112. Williams P.A., Jones G.H., Briscoe M., Thomas R., Cronin P. P300 and reaction-time measures in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991, 159:410-414.
113. Wright G.M., Scott L.C., Richardson C.E., Rai G.S., Exton-Smith A.N. Relationship between the P300 auditory event-related potential and automated psychometric tests. Gerontology 1988, 34:134-138.
114. Yamaguchi S., Tsuchiya H., Yamagata S., Toyoda G., Kobayashi S. Event-related brain potentials in response to novel sounds in dementia. Clinical Neurophysiology 2000, 111:195-203.