Management of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

Endocrine

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 190-194

  Lazarus, John H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF WALES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTITHYROID AGENT; CARBIMAZOLE; PROPRANOLOL; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; THIAMAZOLE;

CANCER INCIDENCE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; EMBRYOPATHY; FETUS DEATH; GRAVES DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERTHYROIDISM; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STILLBIRTH; THYROID FUNCTION; THYROTOXICOSIS;

ANTITHYROID AGENTS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; GRAVES DISEASE; HUMANS; HYPERTHYROIDISM; IODINE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PREVALENCE;

EID: 84896695645     PISSN: 1355008X     EISSN: 15590100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0086-9     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. H. Marx, P. Amin, J.H. Lazarus, Pregnancy plus: hyperthyroidism and pregnancy. Br. Med. J. 336, 663-667 (2008)
2. W.M. Tunbridge, D.C. Evered, R. Hall, D. Appleton, M. Brewis, F. Clark, J.G. Evans, E. Young, T. Bird, P.A. Smith, The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 7, 481-493 (1977)
3. F. Aghini-Lombardi, L. Antonangeli, E. Martino, P. Vitti, D. Maccherini, F. Leoli, T. Rago, L. Grasso, R. Valeriano, A. Balestrieri, A. Pinchera, The spectrum of thyroid disorders in an iodine-deficient community: the Pescopagano survey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 561-566 (1999)
4. G.E. Krassas, K. Poppe, D. Glinoer, Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr. Rev. 31, 702-755 (2010)
5. C.P. Yeo, D.H. Khoo, P.H. Eng, H.K. Tan, S.L. Yo, E. Jacob, Prevalence of gestational thyrotoxicosis in Asian women evaluated in the 8th to 14th weeks of pregnancy: correlations with total and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 55, 391-398 (2001)
6. R. Moreno-Reyes, D. Glinoer, H. Van Oyen, S. Vandevijvere, High prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in a mildly iodine-deficient country: a population-based study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 3694-3701 (2013)
7. B. Casey, Maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, in Management of high-risk pregnancy, ed. by J.T. Queenan, C.Y. Spong, C.J. Lockwood (Wiley, New Jersey, 2007), p. 187
8. R.H. Lee, C.A. Spencer, J.H. Mestman, E.A. Miller, I. Petrovic, LE Braverman, T.M. Goodwin, Free T4 immunoassays are flawed during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 200(3), 260 (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.10.042
9. J.H. Lazarus, O. Soldin, C. Evans, Assessing thyroid function in pregnancy, in Thyroid function testing, ed. by G. Brent (Springer, New York, 2010), pp. 209-233
10. J.E. Midgley, R. Hoermann, Measurement of total rather than free thyroxine in pregnancy: the diagnostic implications. Thyroid 23, 259-261 (2013)
11. R.M. Gilbert, N.C. Hadlow, J.P. Walsh, S.J. Fletcher, S.J. Brown, B.G. Stuckey, E.M. Lim, Assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy: first-trimester (weeks 9-13) reference intervals derived from Western Australian women. Med. J. Aust. 189, 250-253 (2008)
12. J.P. Bestwick, R. John, A. Maina, V. Guaraldo, M. Joomun, N.J. Wald, J.H. Lazarus, Use of multiple of the median (MoM) values in the evaluation of thyroid hormones in Pregnancy. Clin. Chem. (2013, in press)
13. R.A. Aijan, A.P. Weetman, Thyroid autoantibody measurements, in Thyroid function testing, ed. by G. Brent (Springer, New York, 2010), pp. 109-124
14. J.H. Mestman, Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Endoc. Metab. Clins. N. Am. 27, 127-149 (1998)
15. L.K. Millar, D.A. Wing, A.S. Leung, P.P. Koonings, M.N. Montoro, J.H. Mestman, Low birth weight and pre-eclampsia in pregnancies complicated by hyperthyroidism. Obs Gyn 84, 946-949 (1994)
16. U.R. Maziukiewicz, G.N. Burrow, Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, diagnosis and treatment. Thyroid 9, 647-652 (1999)
17. J.I. Hamburger, Diagnosis and management of Graves' disease in pregnancy. Thyroid 2, 219-224 (1992)
18. A.W.C. Kung, B.M. Jones, A change from stimulatory to blocking antibody activity in Graves' disease during pregnancy. J Clin Endoc Metab 83, 514-518 (1998)
19. M. Zakarija, R. De Forteza, J.M. McKenzie, L. Ghandur-Mnaymneh, Characteristics and clinical correlates of a novel thyroid-stimulating autoantibody. Autoimmunity 19, 31-37 (1994)
20. Y. Ueta, H. Fukui, H. Murakami, Y. Yamanoughi, R. Yamamoto, Development of primary hypothyroidism with the appearance of blocking-type antibody to thyrotropin receptor in Graves' disease in late pregnancy. Thyroid 9, 179-182 (1999)
21. G. Radetti, L. Persani, W. Moroder, D. Cortelazzi, L. Gentili, P. Beck-Peccoz, Transplacental passage of anti-thyroid auto-antibodies in a pregnant woman with auto-immune thyroid disease. Prenat. Diagn. 19, 468-471 (1999)
22. H. John Lazarus, Pre-conception counselling in Graves' disease. Eur Thyroid J 1, 24-29 (2012)
23. J.H. Lazarus, J.H. Mestman, Thyroid disorders during pregnancy and postpartum, in Werner and Ingbar's. The thyroid, 10th edn., ed. by L.E. Braverman, D.S. Cooper (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2013), pp. 815-835
24. A.B. Emiliano, L. Governale, M. Parks, D.S. Cooper, Shifts in propylthiouracil and methimazole prescribing practices: antithyroid drug use in the United States from 1991 to 2008. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 2227-2233 (2010)
25. E.B. Astwood, The use of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 11, 1045-1056 (1951)
26. A. Yoshihara, J. Noh, T. Yamaguchi, H. Ohye, S. Sato, K. Sekiya, Y. Kosuga, M. Suzuki, M. Matsumoto, Y. Kunii, N. Watanabe, K. Mukasa, K. Ito, K. Ito, Treatment of Graves' disease with antithyroid drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 2396-2403 (2012)
27. A. Stagnaro-Green, M. Abalovich, E. Alexander, F. Azizi, J. Mestman, R. Negro, A. Nixon, E.N. Pearce, O.P. Soldin, S. Sullivan, W. Wiersinga, American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum, Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid 21, 1081-1125 (2011)
28. R.S. Bahn, H.B. Burch, D.S. Cooper, J.R. Garber, M.C. Greenlee, I. Klein, P. Laurberg, I.R. McDougall, V.M. Montori, S.A. Rivkees, D.S. Ross, J.A. Sosa, M.N. Stan, American Thyroid Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid 21, 593-646 (2011)
29. L. De Groot, M. Abalovich, E.K. Alexander, N. Amino, L. Barbour, R.H. Cobin, C.J. Eastman, J.H. Lazarus, D. Luton, S.J. Mandel, J. Mestman, J. Rovet, Sullivan S Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 2543-2565 (2012)
30. N. Momotani, J. Noh, H. Oyanagi, N. Ishikawa, K. Ito, Antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease during pregnancy. Optimal regimen for fetal thyroid status. N. Engl. J. Med. 315, 24-28 (1986)
31. S.J. Mandel, D.S. Cooper, The use of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy and lactation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 2354-2359 (2001)
32. Y. Nakagawa, K. Mori, S. Hoshikawa, M. Yamamoto, S. Ito, K. Yoshida, Postpartum recurrence of Graves' hyperthyroidism can be prevented by the continuation of antithyroid drugs during pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 57, 467-471 (2002)
33. M. Rotondi, C. Cappelli, B. Pirali, I. Pirola, F. Magri, R. Fonte, M. Castellano, E.A. Rosei, L. Chiovato, The effect of pregnancy on subsequent relapse from Graves' disease after a successful course of antithyroid drug therapy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 3985-3988 (2008)
34. N. Momotani, T. Hisaoka, J. Noh, N. Ishikawa, K. Ito, Effects of iodine on thyroid status of fetus versus mother in treatment of Graves' disease complicated by pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75, 738-744 (1992)
35. P. Laurberg, C. Bournaud, J. Karmisholt, J. Orgiazzi, Management of Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: focus on both maternal and foetal thyroid function, and caution against surgical thyroidectomy in pregnancy. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 160, 1-8 (2009)
36. J. Anselmo, D. Cao, T. Karrison, R.E. Weiss, S. Refetoff, Fetal loss associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure. JAMA 292, 691-695 (2004)
37. J.J. Giles, J.G. Bannigan, Teratogenic and developmental effects of lithium. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12(12), 1531-1541 (2006)
38. K. Meidahl Petersen, E. Jimenez-Solem, J.T. Andersen, M. Petersen, K. Brødbæk, L. Køber, C. Torp-Pedersen, H.E. Poulsen, β-Blocker treatment during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012- 001185 (2012)
39. P. Laurberg, B. Nygaard, D. Glinoer, M. Grussendorf, J. Orgiazzi, Guidelines for TSH-receptor antibody measurements in pregnancy: results of an evidence-based symposium organized by the European Thyroid Association. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 139, 584-586 (1998)
40. D. Luton, I. Le Gac, E. Vuillard, M. Castanet, J. Guibourdenche, M. Noel, M.E. Toubert, J. Léger, C. Boissinot, M.H. Schlageter, C. Garel, B. Tébeka, J.F. Oury, P. Czernichow, M. Polak, Management of Graves' disease during pregnancy: the key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90, 6093-6098 (2005)
41. P. Papendieck, A. Chiesa, L. Prieto, L. Gruñeiro-Papendieck, Thyroid disorders of neonates born to mothers with Graves' disease. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 22, 547-553 (2009)
42. K. Johansen, A.N. Andersen, J.P. Kampmann, J.M. Mølholm Hansen, H.B. Mortensen, Excretion of methimazole in human milk. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 23, 339-341 (1982)
43. F. Azizi, M. Khoshniat, M. Bahrainian, M. Hedayati, Thyroid function and intellectual development of infants nursed by mothers taking methimazole. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 3233-3238 (2000)