Imaging characteristics of pathologically proven thymic hyperplasia: Identifying features that can differentiate true from lymphoid hyperplasia

American Journal of Roentgenology

Volumn 202, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 471-478

  Araki, Tetsuro ^a   Sholl, Lynette M ^a   Gerbaudo, Victor H ^a   Hatabu, Hiroto ^a   Nishino, Mizuki ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

CT; Ct attenuation; Lymphoid hyperplasia; Thymic hyperplasia; Thymus

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERPLASIA; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE DISPLAY; LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA; MALE; MORPHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOGRAPHY; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYMUS; THYMUS HYPERPLASIA; TRUE HYPERPLASIA;

ADULT; AGED; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIMODAL IMAGING; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PSEUDOLYMPHOMA; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYMUS HYPERPLASIA; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84896695589     PISSN: 0361803X     EISSN: 15463141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.13.11210     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Shimosato Y, Mukai K. Tumors of the mediastinum: atlas of tumor pathology, 3rd series, vol. 21. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1997:158-168
2. Nishino M, Ashiku SK, Kocher ON, Thurer RL, Boiselle PM, Hatabu H. The thymus: a comprehensive review. RadioGraphics 2006; 26:335-348 (Pubitemid 43515310)
3. Bogot NR, Quint LE. Imaging of thymic disorders. Cancer Imaging 2005; 5:139-149
4. Nasseri F, Eftekhari F. Clinical and radiologic review of the normal and abnormal thymus: pearls and pitfalls. RadioGraphics 2010; 30:413-428
5. Müller-Hermelink HK, Marx A. Thymoma. Curr Opin Oncol 2000; 12:426-433 (Pubitemid 32268878)
6. Sadohara J, Fujimoto K, Müller NL, et al. Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas. Eur J Radiol 2006; 60:70-79 (Pubitemid 44397380)
7. Marom EM. Advances in thymoma imaging. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:69-80; quiz, 81-83
8. Nicolaou S, Muller NL, Li DK, Oger JJ. Thymus in myasthenia gravis: comparison of CT and pathologic findings and clinical outcome after thymectomy. Radiology 1996; 201:471-474 (Pubitemid 26357646)
9. Benveniste MFK, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Sabloff BS, Moran CA, Swisher SG, Marom EM. Role of imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of thymoma. RadioGraphics 2011; 31:1847-1861
10. Huang J, Rizk NP, Travis WD, et al. Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:26-31
11. McErlean A, Huang J, Zabor EC, Moskowitz CS, Ginsberg MS. Distinguishing benign thymic lesions from early-stage thymic malignancies on computed tomography. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:967-973
12. Armstrong P, Wilson AG, Dee P, Hansell D. Imaging of diseases of the chest. London, UK: Mosby International, 2000:789-892
13. Mendelson DS. Imaging of the thymus. Chest Surg Clin N Am 2001; 11:269-293 (Pubitemid 32531713)
14. Marx A, Pfister F, Schalke B, Nix W, Strobel P. Thymus pathology observed in the MGTX trial. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1275:92-100
15. Blalock A. Thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: report of twenty cases. J Thorac Surg 1944; 13:316-339
16. Niendorf ER, Parker JA, Yechoor V, Garber JR, Boiselle PM. Thymic hyperplasia in thyroid cancer patients. J Thorac Imaging 2005; 20:1-4 (Pubitemid 40316559)
17. Inaoka T, Takahashi K, Mineta M, et al. Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors: differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology 2007; 243:869-876 (Pubitemid 46799443)
18. Baron RL, Lee JK, Sagel SS, Levitt RG. Computed tomography of the abnormal thymus. Radiology 1982; 142:127-134 (Pubitemid 12253741)
19. Castleman B. The pathology of the thymus gland in myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1966; 135:496-505
20. Berrih-Aknin S, Morel E, Raimond F, et al. The role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis: immunohistological and immunological studies in 115 cases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 505:50-70
21. Kissin CM, Husband JE, Nicholas D, Eversman W. Benign thymic enlargement in adults after chemotherapy: CT demonstration. Radiology 1987; 163:67-70 (Pubitemid 17043001)
22. Francis IR, Glazer GM, Bookstein FL, Gross BH. The thymus: reexamination of age-related changes in size and shape. AJR 1985; 145:249-254 (Pubitemid 16239640)
23. Baron RL, Lee JK, Sagel SS, Peterson RR. Computed tomography of the normal thymus. Radiology 1982; 142:121-125 (Pubitemid 12253740)
24. Singla S, Litzky LA, Kaiser LR, Shrager JB. Should asymptomatic enlarged thymus glands be resected? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:977-983
25. Tseng YC, Hsieh CC, Huang HY, et al. Is thymectomy necessary in nonmyasthenic patients with early thymoma? J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:952-958
26. Pirronti T, Rinaldi P, Batocchi A, Evoli A, Di Schino C, Marano P. Thymic lesions and myasthenia gravis. Acta Radiol 2002; 43:380-384
27. 18F-FDG PET/CT of thymic epithelial tumors: usefulness for distinguishing and staging tumor subgroups. J Nucl Med 2006; 47:1628-1634
28. 18F-FDG PET. RadioGraphics 2004; 24:1611-1616
29. Benveniste MF, Moran CA, Mawlawi O, et al. FDG PET-CT aids in the preoperative assessment of patients with newly diagnosed thymic epithelial malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:502-510
30. Nakahara T, Fujii H, Ide M, et al. FDG uptake in the morphologically normal thymus: comparison of FDG positron emission tomography and CT. Br J Radiol 2001; 74:821-824 (Pubitemid 32926939)
31. Wittram C, Fischman AJ, Mark E, Ko J, Shepard J-AO. Thymic enlargement and FDG uptake in three patients: CT and FDG positron emission tomography correlated with pathology. AJR 2003; 180:519-522 (Pubitemid 36135044)
32. 18F-FDG PET: age dependency and frequency after chemotherapy. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:591-595