Traumatic encounters: Holocaust representation and the Hegelian subject

Traumatic Encounters: Holocaust Representation and the Hegelian Subject

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-236

  Eisenstein, Paul ^a  

^a NONE

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References (294)

1. Michael Geyer, "The Politics of Memory in Contemporary Germany", in Radical Evil, ed. Joan Copjec (New York: Verso, 1996), 194-195.
2. Geyer, "The Politics of Memory in Contemporary Germany", 170.
3. Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), 257.
4. Giorgio Agamben, Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen (New York: Zone Books, 1999), 13-14.
5. (Victor Klemperer, I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years, 1942-1945, trans. Martin Chalmers [New York: Random House, 1999], 433-434.)
6. (Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz: The Nazi Assault on Humanity, trans. Stuart Woolf [New York: Collier, 1993], 123).
7. Ida Fink, "Description of a Morning", in Traces: Stories, trans. Philip Boehm and Francine Prose (New York: Henry Holt, 1997), 81-96.
8. Klara says, "A poem about a sunset? The sun was setting when they killed our parents."
9. Jonathan Boyarin, Storm from Paradise: The Politics of Jewish Memory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992), xiii.
10. Theodor Adorno, Negative Dialectics, trans. E. B. Ashton (New York: Continuum, 1966), 365.
11. Dominick LaCapra, Representing the Holocaust: History, Theory, Trauma (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994), 64.
12. (Dominick LaCapra, Writing History, Writing Trauma [Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001], 75).
13. (Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics [New York: Verso, 1985), 111-112].
14. Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and the New International, trans. Peggy Kamuf (New York: Routledge, 1994);
15. The Politics of Friendship, trans. George Collins (New York: Verso, 1997);
16. Adieu to Emmanuel Levinas, trans. Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999).
17. See, for instance, Jürgen Habermas, "Excursus on Leveling the Genre Distinction between Philosophy and Literature", The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures, trans. Frederick G. Lawrence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), 185-210.
18. Dominick LaCapra, History and Memory After Auschwitz (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 182.
19. LaCapra, Writing History, Writing Trauma, 78.
20. Michael Marrus, "Reflections on the Historiography of the Holocaust", Journal of Modern History 66(March 1994):93.
21. Inga Clendinnen, Reading the Holocaust (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 17.
22. Shoah: The Complete Text of the Acclaimed Holocaust Film (New York: Da Capo Press, 1995), 59.
23. Binjamin Wilkomirski, Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood, trans. Carol Brown Janeway (New York: Schocken, 1996), 4.
24. Stefan Maechler, The Wilkomirski Affair: A Study in Biographical Truth, trans. John E. Woods (New York: Schocken, 2001).
25. Two shorter, and equally compelling, overviews are Philip Gourevitch, "The Memory Thief", The New Yorker (June 14, 1999): 48-68
26. and Elena Lappin, "The Man with Two Heads", Granta 66(1999):7-65.
27. Michael Bernard-Donals, "Beyond the Question of Authenticity: Witness and Testimony in the Fragments Controversy", PMLA 116. 5(October 2001):1302-1315.
28. The Americanization of the Holocaust, ed. Hilene Flanzbaum (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).
29. Hans-Ulrich Wehler, "Like a Thorn in the Flesh", in Unwilling Germans?: The Goldhagen Debate, ed. Robert R. Shandley (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998).
30. (Reading the Holocaust, 4-5).
31. (Yehuda Bauer, Rethinking the Holocaust [New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001], 38.)
32. (Norman Finkelstein, The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering [New York: Verso, 2000], 150.)
33. Omer Bartov, Murder in Our Midst: The Holocaust, Industrial Killing, and Representation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 110.
34. Saul Friedlander, Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the "Final Solution'" (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), 2.
35. Slavoj Zizkě, The Sublime Object of Ideology (New York: Verso, 1989), 6.
36. Slavoj Žižek, The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters (New York: Verso, 1996), 217.
37. Sigmund Freud, "Negation", in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. 19 (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1953-74), 235-236.
38. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power, trans. Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale, ed. Walter Kaufmann. (New York: Vintage, 1967), 433.
39. Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, Volume 2, The High Tide of Prophecy: Hegel, Marx and the Aftermath, 5th ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971).
40. (Imre Kertész, Kaddish For A Child Not Born, trans. Christopher C. Wilson and Katharina M. Wilson [Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1997], 63).
41. (Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire [Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000], 82).
42. Alexander Kojève, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit, ed. Allan Bloom, trans. James H. Nichols, Jr. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980), 194.
43. G. W. F. Hegel, The Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree (New York: Dover, 1956), 33.
44. (Daniel Boyarin, A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994], 24).
45. Daniel Boyarin and Jonathan Boyarin, "Diaspora: Generation and the Ground of Jewish Identity", Critical Inquiry 19(1993):693-725.
46. (Emil Fackenheim, To Mend the World: Foundations of Post-Holocaust Jewish Thought [New York: Schocken, 1982], 111).
47. (Jonathan Boyarin, Storm from Paradise: The Politics of Jewish Memory [Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992], 94).
48. Yirmiyahu Yovel, Dark Riddle: Hegel, Nietzsche, and the Jews (University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1998), 99.
49. (Emil Fackenheim, To Mend the World: Foundations of Post-Holocaust Jewish Thought [New York: Schocken, 1982], 27).
50. Holocaust Testimonies: The Ruins of Memory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991)
51. Admitting the Holocaust: Collected Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995)
52. and Pre-empting the Holocaust (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
53. Emmanuel Levinas, A Difficult Freedom: Essays on Judaism, trans. Seán Hand (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 199.
54. in Writing and Difference, trans. Alan Bass (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978);
55. Nietzsche and Philosophy, trans. Hugh Tomlinson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983);
56. in The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (New York: Vintage, 1994);
57. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979).
58. (Emmanuel Levinas, Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority. trans. Alphonso Lingis [Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1961], 57-58).
59. James Hatley's Suffering Witness: The Quandry of Responsibility after the Irreparable (Albany: SUNY Press, 2000).
60. Levinas, Totality and Infinity, 174.
61. (Totality and Infinity 50). (Totality and Infinity 69).
62. G. W. F. Hegel, Science of Logic, trans. A. V. Miller (New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1969), 146.
63. Levinas, Totality and Infinity, 73.
64. (Allen W. Wood, Hegel's Ethical Thought [New York: Cambridge UP, 1990], 8).
65. Theodor Adorno, Hegel: Three Studies, trans. Shierry Weber Nicholsen (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1993). Phenomenology of Spirit" (50).
66. Theodor Adorno, Negative Dialectics, trans. E. B. Ashton (New York: Continuum, 1966), 320.
67. (Michel Foucault, The Use of Pleasure: The History of Sexuality, Volume 2, trans. Robert Hurley [New York: Vintage, 1990], 254).
68. and Félix Guattari, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane [Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983], 271).
69. (Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Werner S. Pluhar [Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1996], 728).
70. (Alenka Zupanĉiĉ, Ethics of the Real: Kant, Lacan [New York: Verso, 2000], 21-22).
71. Jacques Lacan, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-analysis, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Norton, 1981), 250-251.
72. (G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume I: Introduction and the Concept of Religion, ed. Peter C. Hogsdon. trans. R. F. Brown, P. C. Hogdson, and J. M. Stewart [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984], 337).
73. Harold Kaplan, Conscience and Memory: Meditations on a Museum of the Holocaust (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 12.
74. Juliet Flower MacCannell, "Fascism and the Voice of Conscience", in Radical Evil, ed. Joan Copjec (New York: Verso, 1996), 49.
75. A Theory of Justice (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), 3-22.
76. John Rawls, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Ed. Erin Kelley (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2001), 87.
77. John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 24.
78. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 506.
79. Roberto Alejandro, The Limits of Rawlsian Justice (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 20-42.
80. David Johnston, The Idea of a Liberal Theory: A Critique and Reconstruction (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 113.
81. Liberals and Communitarians, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA.: Blackwell, 1996), 40-69.
82. Rawls, Political Liberalism, 27.
83. Richard Rorty, Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth: Philosophical Papers Volume 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 14.
84. Richard Wolin, "Preface to the MIT Edition: Note on a Missing Text", The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader, ed. Richard Wolin (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1993), xvi.
85. (Martin Broszat and Saul Friedlander, "A Controversy about the Historicization of National Socialism", Yad Vashem Studies 19 [1988]: p28).
86. Kaplan, Conscience and Memory, p99.
87. (Political Liberalism, 375).
88. Jacques Lacan, Seminar III: The Psychoses, 1955-1956, trans. Russell Grigg (New York: Norton, 1993), 266-267.
89. Slavoj Zižek, Tarrying with the Negative (Durham: Duke University Press, 1993), 149.
90. Slavoj Žižek, For they know not what they do [New York: Verso, 1991], 10).
91. Kaplan, Conscience and Memory, 169.
92. George Steiner, "The Long Life of Metaphor: An Approach to the 'Shoah'", in Writing and the Holocaust, ed. Berel Lang (New York: Holmes and Maier, 1988), 164.
93. Kaplan, Conscience and Memory, 179.
94. Renata Salecl, The Spoils of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994), 127.
95. Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (New York: Verso, 1985), 190.
96. Jacques Derrida, Positions, trans. Alan Bass (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 85-86.
97. Jacques Derrida, Resistances of Psychoanalysis, trans. Peggy Kamuf, Pascale-Anne Brault, and Michael Naas (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998), 4.
98. Jacques Derrida, Aporias, trans. Thomas Dutoit (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), 12.
99. LaCapra, Representing the Holocaust: History, Theory, Trauma, 6.
100. (Inga Clendinnen, Reading the Holocaust [New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999], 9-10).
101. Dominick LaCapra, History and Memory after Auschwitz (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 47-48.
102. LaCapra, Writing History, Writing Trauma, 103-104.
103. LaCapra, History and Memory after Auschwitz, 40.
104. LaCapra, Writing History, Writing Trauma, ix
105. Hegel, Science of Logic, 129.
106. Stranded Objects: Mourning, Memory, and Film in Postwar Germany (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990).
107. "Freud, Lacan, and the Ethics of Memory", in Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 91-112.
108. Ruth Leys, Trauma: A Genealogy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 275.
109. John Mowitt, "Trauma Envy", Cultural Critique 46(Fall 2000):272-297.
110. "Beyond the Question of Authenticity: Witness and Testimony in the Fragments Controversy", PMLA 116. 5(October 2001):1302-1315.
111. Bernard-Donals and Richard Glejzer's Between Witness and Testimony: The Holocaust and the Limits of Representation (Albany: SUNY Press, 2001) appeared too late for me to include in this discussion. 80. James Berger, After the End: Representations of the Post-Apocalypse (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), 31.
112. Joan Copjec, Read My Desire: Lacan against the Historicists (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1994), 56.
113. G. W. F. Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A. V. Miller (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 10.
114. G. W. F. Hegel, Logic, trans. William Wallace (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 69.
115. Wilkomerski, Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood, 4.
116. Hegel, Logic, 37.
117. Robert Pippin, Hegel's Idealism: The Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 85-86.
118. (Judith Butler, Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France [New York: Columbia University Press, 1987], 31).
119. Bodies that Matter and The Psychic Life of Power
120. Judith Butler, "Restaging the Universal: Hegemony and the Limits of Formalism", in Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues of the Left (New York: Verso, 2000), 11-43.
121. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, 66.
122. Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book II: The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-1955, trans. Sylvia Tomaselli (New York: Norton, 1991), 29.
123. Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John Cumming (New York: Continuum, 1947).
124. Gilian Rose, Hegel Contra Sociology (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Athlone, 1981), 183.
125. Slavoj Žižek, The Plague of Fantasies [New York: Verso, 1997], 76-77).
126. Hegel, Logic, 274.
127. (Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XX: Encore 1972-1973, trans. Bruce Fink [New York: Norton, 1998], 13).
128. See, in this respect, Francis Fukuyama's The End of History and the Last Man (New York: The Free Press, 1992).
129. Eva Fogelman, Conscience and Courage: Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust (New York: Anchor, 1994), xix.
130. Hillel Levine, In Search of Sugihara: The Elusive Japanese Diplomat Who Risked His Life to Rescue 10, 000 Jews from the Holocaust (New York: The Free Press, 1998), 16.
131. David Wyman's The Abandonment of the Jews (New York: Pantheon, 1984)
132. as well as his edited volume The World Reacts to the Holocaust (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
133. (Deborah Lipstadt, "The Failure to Rescue and Contemporary American Jewish Historiography of the Holocaust: Judging from a Distance", in The Bombing of Auschwitz: Should the Allies Have Attempted It?, eds. Michael J. Neufeld and Michael Berenbaum (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000), 227-236.
134. Sigmund Freud, "Notes upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis" (1909), in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. 10 (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1953-74), 246.
135. Claude Lanzmann, "Why Spielberg Has Distorted the Truth", Manchester Guardian Weekly, April 3, 1994:14.
136. "From the Holocaust to the 'Holocaust.' " Telos 42 [Winter 1979-80]: 142).
137. Lanzmann, "Why Spielberg Has Distorted the Truth", 14.
138. Norman Geras, The Contract of Mutual Indifference: Political Philosophy after the Holocaust (New York: Verso, 1998), 57.
139. Fogelman's Conscience and Courage, Samuel P.
140. and Pearl M. Oliner's The Altruistic Personality (New York: The Free Press, 1988)
141. and Nechama Tec's When Light Pierced the Darkness (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
142. Eric Silver's The Book of the Just: The Unsung Heroes Who Rescued Jews from Hitler (New York: Grove Press, 1992).
143. Quoted in Mark Miller, "The Real Schindler", Newsweek (December 20, 1993), 118.
144. See Ron Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil (New York: Random House, 1998).
145. Hitler's Niece (New York: HarperCollins, 1999)
146. G. W. F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A. V. Miller (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 394.
147. Hegel, Phenomenology, 194.
148. Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony, Solidarity (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 189.
149. Norman Geras, Solidarity in the Conversation of Humankind: The Ungroundable Liberalism of Richard Rorty (New York: Verso, 1995), 66.
150. Norman Geras, "Progress without Foundations" in The Contract of Mutual Indifference, 137.
151. "Marxists Before the Holocaust", in The Contract of Mutual Indifference, 139-170.
152. Alain Finkielkraut, The Future of a Negation: Reflections on the Question of Genocide, trans. Mary Byrd Kelly (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998).
153. Geras, The Contract of Mutual Indifference, 90.
154. (Mordecai Paldiel, Sheltering the Jews: Stories of Holocaust Rescuers [Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996], 202).
155. Gay Block and Malka Drucker, Rescuers: Portraits of Moral Courage in the Holocaust (New York: Holmes and Meier), 1992.
156. David Brenner, "Working through the Holocaust Blockbuster: Schindler's List and Hitler's Willing Executioners, Globally and Locally", Germanic Review 75. 4(Fall 2000):296-316.
157. Quoted in David Gritten, "Grim. Black and White... Spielberg?" Los Angeles Times (May 9, 1993): 9.
158. Bryan Cheyette, "The Uncertain Certainty of Schindler's List", Spielberg's Holocaust: Critical Perspectives on Schindler's List, ed. Yosefa Loshitsky (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997), 235.
159. (Bernard Weinraub, "Spielberg Recording Holocaust Testimony", New York Times [November 10, 1994]: C22).
160. David Ansen, "Spielberg's Obsession", Newsweek (December 20, 1993): 113-116
161. and Bernard Weinraub, "Steven Spielberg Faces the Holocaust", New York Times (December 12, 1993), section 2:1, 28. Ansen makes, but does not explore, the connection in this context between Schindler's List and the "alien" presence in E. T.
162. Quoted in John H. Richardson, "Steven's Choice", Premier (January 1994): 93.
163. (Bryan Cheyette, "The Uncertain Certainty of Schindler's List, 234-235).
164. Schindler's List, Universal Pictures Production Information (Universal City, n. d.), 6.
165. David Ansen, "Spielberg's Obsession", Newsweek (December 20, 1993): 114.
166. Schindler's List, Universal Pictures Production Information (Universal City, n. d.), 8-9.
167. Keneally, Schindler's List, 133.
168. (Quoted in J. Hoberman et al. "Schindler's List: Myth, Movie, and Memory", Village Voice 39. 13 [March 29, 1994]: 29-30).
169. (James Young, Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust [Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988], 187).
170. James Young, The Texture of Memory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 268-281.
171. Elisabeth Bronfen, Hysteria and Its Discontents (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998), xii.
172. Saul Friedlander, Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the "Final Solution'" (Cambridge: Harvard University Press), 2.
173. D. M. Thomas, The White Hotel (New York: Pocket, 1981), 289.
174. Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1916-1917), in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. 16 (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1953-74), 404.
175. Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. 21 (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1953-74), 76.
176. Sigmund Freud, New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1933), in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. 22 (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1953-74), 93-94.
177. In Eating Pavlova (London: Bloomsbury, 1994)
178. C. G. Jung, Modern Man in Search of a Soul, trans. W. S. Dell and Cary F. Baynes (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1933), 67.
179. Thus, in Beyond the Pleasure Principle
180. (Sigmund Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle [1920], in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, trans. James Strachey, vol. 18 (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1953-74), 23.
181. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 42.
182. D. M. Thomas, Memories and Hallucinations (New York: Viking, 1988), 40.
183. Immanuel Kant, The Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Werner S. Pluhar (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1996), 343.
184. Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XX: Encore, 1972-1973, trans. Bruce Fink (New York: Norton, 1998), 76.
185. Rowland Wymer, "Freud, Jung and the 'Myth' of Psychoanalysis in The White Hotel", Mosaic 22(1989):67.
186. Sander L. Gilman, "The Jewish Psyche: Freud, Dora, and the Idea of the Hysteric." The Jew's Body (New York: Routledge, 1991), 60-103.
187. Gilman, The Jew's Body, 77.
188. Laura Tanner, "Sweet Pain and Charred Bodies: Figuring Violence in The White Hotel", Boundary 2, 18(1991):134.
189. Cowart, David. "Being and Seeming: The White Hotel", Novel 19(1986):221.
190. Mary F. Robertson, "Hystery, Herstory, History: 'Imagining the Real' in Thomas' The White Hotel", Contemporary Literature 25(1984):462-463.
191. Wymer, "Freud, Jung and the 'Myth' of Psychoanalysis in The White Hotel", 67.
192. Linda Hutcheon, "Subject In/Of/To History and His Story", Diacritics 16(1986):78-91
193. and Ellen Y. Siegelman, "The White Hotel: Visions and Revisions of the Psyche", Literature and Psychology 33(1987):1, 69-76.
194. Marsha Kinder, "The Spirit of the White Hotel", Humanities in Society 4(1981):2-3, 143-170.
195. Robert E. Lougy, "The Wolf-Man, Freud, and D. M. Thomas: Intertextuality, Interpretation, and Narration in The White Hotel, Modern Language Studies 21(1991):3, 91-106.
196. (Primo Levi, The Drowned and the Saved, trans. Raymond Rosenthal [New York: Vintage, 1990], 83-84).
197. Jung, Modern Man, 163.
198. (Thomas, Memories and Hallucinations, 49).
199. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943), 339.
200. (Jung, Modern Man in Search of a Soul, 170).
201. Roberston, "Hystery, Herstory, History", 465.
202. (Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, trans. H. M. Parshley [New York: Vintage, 1989], 391).
203. Juliet Mitchell, "Introduction I", Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the ecole freudienne (New York: Norton, 1983), 20.
204. Joan Copjec, "Sex and the Euthanasia of Reason", Read My Desire: Lacan Against the Historicists (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1994), 201-236.
205. Frances Bartkowski and Catherine Stearns, "The Lost Icon in The White Hotel", Journal of the History of Sexuality 1(1990):283-295.
206. (Kelly Oliver, Witnessing: Beyond Recognition [Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001], 80-81.)
207. Jacqueline Rose, "Introduction II", Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the ecole freudienne (New York: Norton, 1983), 38.
208. (Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book VIII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-1960, trans. Dennis Porter [New York: Norton, 1993], 187).
209. Bronfen, The Knotted Subject, xi-xii.
210. Juliet Mitchell, "Psychoanalysis and Hysteria", Unpublished paper, 2.
211. Mitchell, "Psychoanalysis and Hysteria", 14.
212. Thomas, Memories and Hallucinations, 39-40.
213. Mitchell, "Psychoanalysis and Hysteria", 17.
214. (Thomas, Memories and Hallucinations, 49).
215. Rebecca Scherr, "The Uses of Memory and the Abuses of Fiction: Sexuality in Holocaust Fiction and Memoir", Other Voices: The (e) Journal of Cultural Criticism 2. 1 (February 2000): .
216. Slavoj Žižek, For they know not what they do (New York: Verso, 1991), 99-103, 142-146.
217. Jean-Paul Sartre, The Emotions: Outline of a Theory, trans. Bernard Frechtman (New York: Philosophical Library, 1949), 32.
218. Thomas, Memories and Hallucinations, 49. 1.
219. John Fetzer, Changing Perspectives of Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus, 1947-1992 (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1996), 2, 67-68.
220. Erich Heller, The Ironic German: A Study of Thomas Mann. (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1958), 25.
221. Thomas Mann, Doctor Faustus, trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (New York: Vintage, 1992), 482-483.
222. Egon Schwarz, "Jewish Characters in Doctor Faustus", Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus: A Novel at the Margins of Modernism, eds. Herbert Lehnert and Peter C. Pfeiffer (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1991), 118.
223. Adolf Hitler, "Nation and Race", Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Mannheim (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), 310, 314.
224. Historia Von D. Johan Fausten (1587)
225. Klaus L. Berghahn, "Georg Johann Heinrich Faust: The Myth and Its History", in Our Faust?: Roots and Ramifications of a Modern German Myth, eds. Reinhold Grimm and Jost Hermand (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987), 3-21.
226. (qtd. in Gunilla Bergsten, Thomas Mann's Doctor Fautus: The Sources and Structure of the Novel, trans. Krishna Winston [Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1969], 213.)
227. Etienne Balibar, "The Nation Form: History and Ideology." Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. eds. Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein (New York: Verso, 1991), 94.
228. Slavoj Žižek, Enjoy Your Symptom! Jacques Lacan in Hollywood and Out (New York: Routledge, 1992), 41.
229. (Will to Power, trans. Walter Kauffman [New York: Vintage, 1967], 443)
230. (Enjoy Your Symptom!, 102).
231. Dominick LaCapra, Representing the Holocaust: History, Theory, Trauma (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994), 205-224.
232. (The Story of a Novel, trans. Richard and Clara Winston [New York: Knopf, 1961], 38.)
233. Patrick Carnegy, Faust as Musician: A Study of Thomas Mann's Novel Doctor Faustus (London: Chatto and Windus, 1973), 29.
234. Gunilla Bergston, Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus, 128.
235. Erich Heller, The Ironic German, 24.
236. Donna Reed, The Novel and the Nazi Past (New York: Peter Lang, 1984).
237. Herbert Lehnert, "Introduction", Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus: A Novel at the Margins of Modernism (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1991), 14
238. Thomas Mann: The World as Will and Representation (Boston: Beacon, 1957)
239. Herbert Lehnert and Peter C. Pfeiffer's Thomas Mann's 'Doctor Faustus' [Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1991])
240. Judith Ryan, The Uncompleted Past [Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1983].)
241. Marc Weiner, Undertones of Insurrection: Music, Politics, and the Social Sphere in the Modern German Narrative (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), 213-245.
242. Heller, The Ironic German, 22.
243. See G. W. F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A. V. Miller (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 132.
244. (The Critique of Pure Judgment, trans. J. H. Bernard [New York: MacMillan, 1951], 95.).
245. Marguerite de Huszar Allen, The Faust Legend: Popular Formula and Modern Novel (New York: Peter Lang, 1985), 94.
246. G. W. F. Hegel, Logic, trans. William Wallace (Oxford, 1973), 44.
247. G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume II: Determinate Religion, eds. Peter C. Hogsdon, trans. R. F. Brown, P. C. Hogsdon, and J. M. Stewart (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897), 521-530.
248. Slavoj Zižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (New York: Verso, 1989), 11-53.
249. "The Tragedy of Modern Art", in Essays on Thomas Mann, trans. Stanley Mitchell [London: Merlin, 1964], 47-97.)
250. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, 68.
251. ("Doctor Faustus' Schoenberg?" Saturday Review of Literature [Jan., 1949], 22).
252. ("The Musical Symbolism in Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus", Music Review 17 [1956], 318-331).
253. Fred Chappell, "What Did Adrian Leverkühn Create?" Postscript 2(1985), 12.
254. (Donna Reed, The Novel and the Nazi Past, 86).
255. (Brigitte Prutti, "Women Characters in Doctor Faustus", Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus: A Novel at the Margins of Modernism, Eds. Herbert Lehnert and Peter C. Pfeiffer [Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1991], 104).
256. "Doctor Faustus and Recent Theories of Narcissism: New Perspectives", Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus: A Novel at the Margins of Modernism, eds. Herbert Lehnert and Peter C. Pfeiffer [Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1991], 53).
257. Phenomenology, pages 65-68.
258. (Inwardness and Existence: Subjectivity in/and Hegel, Heidegger, Marx, and Freud [Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989], 330).
259. Weiner, Undertones of Insurrection, 219.
260. Theodor Adorno, Philosophy of Modern Music, trans. Anne G. Mitchell and Wesley V. Blomster (New York: Continuum, 1994), p118.
261. (My Own Private Germany: Daniel Paul Schreber's Secret History of Modernity [Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996]), Eric Santner speaks of Schreber as exemplifying a new strategy of "sapping the force of social fantasies that might otherwise lend support to the totalitarian temptation" (144).
262. (Mann, The Story of a Novel, 158).
263. Hans Rudolf Vaget, "Mann, Joyce, and the Question of Modernism", Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus: A Novel at the Margins of Modernism, eds. Herbert Lehnert and Peter C. Pfeiffer [Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1991], 184.
264. Hans Rudolf Vaget, "Amazing Grace: Thomas Mann, Adorno, and the Faust Myth", Our Faust?: Roots and Ramifications of a Modern German Myth, eds. Reinhold Grimm and Jost Hermond (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987), 168-189.
265. David Grossman, See Under: Love, trans. Betsy Rosenberg (New York: Simon Schuster, 1989), 3.
266. See G. W. F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A. V. Miller (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 21.
267. The Yellow Wind, trans. Haim Watzman (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1988)
268. and Sleeping on a Wire: Conversations with Palestinians in Israel, trans. Haim Watzman (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1993).
269. See Yael S. Feldman, "Whose Story Is It, Anyway?: Ideology and Psychology in the Representation of the Shoah in Israeli Literature, Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the 'Final Solution', ed. Saul Friedlander (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992), 223-239.
270. Gilead Morahg, "Israel's New Literature of the Holocaust: The Case of David Grossman's See Under: Love", Modern Fiction Studies 45. 2(Summer 1999):457-479
271. and Johanna Baum, "A Literary Analysis of Traumatic Neurosis in Israeli Society: David Grossman's See Under: Love, Other Voices: The (e) Journal of Cultural Criticism 2. 1 (February 2000):
272. Feldman, "Whose Story Is It, Anyway?", 236.
273. Jean-François Lyotard, The Differend: Phrases in Dispute, trans. George Van Den Abbeele (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), 56-57.
274. Yael Feldman, "Whose Story Is It, Anyway?", 236.
275. (William Wordsworth, The Prelude, 1799, 1805, 1850, eds. Jonathan Wordsworth, M. H. Abrams, and Stephen Gill [New York: Norton, 1979], 138).
276. G. W. F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, 207-208.
277. Bruno Schulz, "The Age of Genius", Sanitorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass, trans. Celina Wieniewska (New York: Penguin, 1979), 14.
278. (Jacques Derrida, "Force of Law: The 'Mystical Foundation of Authority'", Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice, ed. Drucilla Cornell et al. [New York: Routledge, 1992], 39).
279. See Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
280. Giorgio Agamben, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, trans. Vincenzo Binetti and Cesare Casarino (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000).
281. Schulz, "The Age of Genius", 21.
282. (Jacques Lacan, "The Subversion of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire", Ecrits: A Selection, trans. Alan Sheridan [New York: Norton, 1978], 312).
283. G. W. F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A. V. Miller (New York: Oxford, 1977), 492.
284. Hegel, Phenomenology, 488.
285. Hegel, Phenomenology, 489. Hegel's emphasis.
286. G. W. F. Hegel, Logic, trans. William Wallace (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 274.
287. Theodor Adorno, Philosophy of Modern Music, trans. Anne G. Mitchell and Wesley V. Blomster (New York: Continuum, 1994), 39.
288. Primo Levi, The Drowned and the Saved, trans. Raymond Rosenthal (New York: Vintage, 1989), 48-49.
289. Lawrence Langer, Preempting the Holocaust (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), xiv.
290. See Francis Fukuyama, The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order (New York: Free Press, 1999).
291. Primo Levi, The Periodic Table, trans. Raymond Rosenthal (New York: Schocken, 1984), 42.
292. Levi, The Drowned and the Saved, 81-85).
293. Levi writes, "If I was God, I would spit at Kuhn's prayer" (Survival in Auschwitz, trans. Stuart Woolf [New York: Collier, 1993], 130).
294. See Jennifer Preston, "Menorahs Bloom From Act of Vandalism", New York Times, December 13, 1996, A18.