Sports crowd violence: An interdisciplinary synthesis

Aggression and Violent Behavior

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 146-155

  Spaaij, Ramón ^a,b,c  

^a VICTORIA UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Fans; Hooliganism; Social ecology; Spectators; Sport; Violence

Indexed keywords

COORDINATION; CROWDING (AREA); HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL STRESS; MASCULINITY; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; POLICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL STRUCTURE; SPORT; SPORTS CROWD VIOLENCE; VIOLENCE;

EID: 84896510065     PISSN: 13591789     EISSN: 18736335     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2014.02.002     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Hinchadas 2005, Prometeo, Buenos Aires. P. Alabarces, M. Conde, C. Dorado (Eds.).
2. Anderson E. Sport, theory and social problems 2010, Routledge, London.
3. Armstrong G. Football hooligans: Knowing the score 1998, Berg, Oxford.
4. Fear and loathing in world football 2001, Berg, Oxford. G. Armstrong, R. Giulianotti (Eds.).
5. Atkinson M., Young K. Deviance and social control in sport 2008, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
6. Bairner A. The Leicester school and the study of football hooliganism. Sport in Society 2006, 9:583-598.
7. Bodin D., Robène L., Héas S. Sport and violence in Europe 2005, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
8. Branscombe N.R., Wann D.L. Role of identification with a group, arousal, categorization processes, and self-esteem in sports spectator aggression. Human Relations 1992, 45:1013-1033.
9. Branscombe N.R., Wann D.L. Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology 1994, 24:641-657.
10. Canter D., Comber M., Uzzell D.L. Football in its place: An environmental psychology of football grounds 1989, Routledge, London.
11. Case R.W., Boucher R.L. Spectator violence in sport: A selected review. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 1981, 5:1-14.
12. Coakley J. Sports in society: Issues and controversies 2009, McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA. 10th ed.
13. Collins R. Violence: A micro-sociological theory 2008, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
14. De Biasi R. The policing of hooliganism in Italy. Policing protest 1998, 213-227. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN. D. Della Porta, H. Reiter (Eds.).
15. Duke V., Crolley L. Football spectator behaviour in Argentina: A case of separate evolution. The Sociological Review 1996, 44:272-293.
16. Dunning E. Social bonding and violence in sport: A theoretical-empirical analysis. Sports violence 1983, 129-146. Springer-Verlag, New York. J.H. Goldstein (Ed.).
17. Dunning E. Sport matters: Sociological studies of sport, violence and civilization 1999, Routledge, London.
18. Dunning E. Towards a sociological understanding of football hooliganism as a world phenomenon. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 2000, 8:141-162.
19. Fighting fans: Football hooliganism as a world phenomenon 2002, University College Dublin Press, Dublin. E. Dunning, P. Murphy, I. Waddington, A.E. Astrinakis (Eds.).
20. Dunning E., Murphy P., Williams J. Spectator violence at football matches: Towards a sociological explanation. British Journal of Sociology 1986, 37:221-244.
21. Dunning E., Murphy P., Williams J. The roots of football hooliganism: An historical and sociological study 1988, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.
22. Eberle, L., & Neumann, C. (2012). Perilous pitches: Violence against referees spikes in Germany. Der Spiegel, December 14, 2012. Retrieved from:. http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/german-football-referees-face-increasing-violence-at-amateur-games-a-872692.html.
23. Ek R. Hooligans: Fakten, Hintergründe, Analysen 1996, Cicero Verlag, Worms.
24. Evans, T. (2012). We should be protecting match officials; instead we are demonising them. The Times, December 31, 2012, 9.
25. Fields S.K., Collins C.L., Comstock R.D. Conflict on the courts: A review of sports-related violence literature. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 2007, 8:359-369.
26. Free M., Hughson J. Settling accounts with hooligans: Gender blindness in football supporter subculture research. Men and Masculinities 2003, 6:136-155.
27. Fussey P., Coaffee J., Armstrong G., Hobbs D. Securing and sustaining the Olympic city 2011, Ashgate, Aldershot.
28. Gelles R. The violent home 1974, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
29. Giulianotti R. Football: A sociology of the global game 1999, Polity, Cambridge.
30. Sports violence 1983, Springer-Verlag, New York. J.H. Goldstein (Ed.).
31. Goss B.D., Jubenville C.B., MacBeth J.L. Primary principles of post-9/11 stadium security in the United States: Transatlantic implications from British practices Retrieved from:. http://www.iaam.org/CVMS/Post%20911%20Stadium%20Security.doc.
32. Guilbert S. Sport and violence: A typological analysis. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 2004, 39:45-55.
33. Jamieson L.M., Orr T.J. Sport and violence: A critical examination of sport 2012, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
34. Katz J. Seductions of crime 1988, Basic Books, New York.
35. Kerr J.H. Understanding soccer hooliganism 1994, Open University Press, Buckingham.
36. Kerr J.H. Rethinking aggression and violence in sport 2005, Routledge, London.
37. King A. Outline of a practical theory of football violence. Sociology 1995, 29:635-641.
38. Krug, M. (2013). Soccer violence: Referees under siege. CNN, March 14, 2013. Retrieved from:. http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/14/sport/football/referee-violence-spain-football.
39. Lewis J.M. Sports fan violence in North America 2007, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
40. Lynch R. Disorder on the sidelines of Australian sport. Sporting Traditions 1991, 8:50-75.
41. Mark M.M., Bryant F.B., Lehman D.R. Perceived injustice and sports violence. Sports violence 1983, 83-109. Springer-Verlag, New York. J.H. Goldstein (Ed.).
42. Marsh P. Aggro: The illusion of violence 1978, Dent, London.
43. Risk management and sport events 2012, Le Manuscrit, Paris. D. Mastrogiannakis, C. Dorville (Eds.).
44. Messner M.A. When bodies are weapons: Masculinity and violence in sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 1990, 25:203-219.
45. Mignon P. Another side to French exceptionalism: Football without hooligans?. Fighting fans: Football hooliganism as a world phenomenon 2002, 62-74. University College Dublin Press, Dublin. E. Dunning, P. Murphy, I. Waddington, A.E. Astrinakis (Eds.).
46. Murray B. The old firm: Sectarianism, sport and society in Scotland 1984, John Donald, Edinburgh.
47. Nicholson M., Hoye R. Contextual factors associated with poor sport spectator behaviour. Managing Leisure 2005, 10:94-105.
48. O'Neill M. Policing football: Social interaction and negotiated disorder 2005, Palgrave, Basingstoke.
49. Parry S.J. Violence and aggression in contemporary sport. Ethics and sport 1998, 205-224. E. & F. N. Spon, London. M.J. McNamee, S.J. Parry (Eds.).
50. Ray L. Violence and society 2011, Sage, London.
51. Reicher S.D., Stott C.J., Drury J., Adang O.M.J., Cronin P., Livingstone A. Knowledge-based public order policing: Principles and practice. Policing 2007, 1:403-415.
52. Riches D. The phenomenon of violence. The anthropology of violence 1986, 1-27. Blackwell, Oxford. D. Riches (Ed.).
53. Roadburg A. Factors precipitating fan violence: A comparison of professional soccer in Britain and North America. British Journal of Sociology 1980, 31:265-276.
54. Roberts J.V., Benjamin C.J. Spectator violence in sports: A North American perspective. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 2000, 8:163-181.
55. Rogers C. NL Wild card game: Braves game memorable beyond Chipper: Fans face criticism for their reaction to ump's call in the 8th inning. The Atlanta Journal - Constitution 2012, October 6, A1.
56. Russell G.W. Sport riots: A social-psychological review. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2004, 9:353-378.
57. Samaha J. Criminal justice 2006, Thomson, Belmont, CA. 7th ed.
58. Schinkel W. Aspects of violence: A critical theory 2010, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
59. Semyonov M., Farbstein M. Ecology of sports violence: The case of Israeli soccer. Sociology of Sport Journal 1989, 6:50-59.
60. Smelser N.J. Theory of collective behavior 1962, The Free Press, New York.
61. Smith M.D. Precipitants of crowd violence. Sociological Inquiry 1976, 48:121-131.
62. Smith M.D. Violence and sport 1983, Butterworths, Toronto.
63. Spaaij R. Understanding football hooliganism: A comparison of six Western European football clubs 2006, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
64. Spaaij R. Football hooliganism as a transnational phenomenon: Past and present analysis: A critique - More specificity and less generality. International Journal of the History of Sport 2007, 24:411-431.
65. Spaaij R. Men like us, boys like them: Violence, masculinity, and collective identity in football hooliganism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 2008, 32:369-392.
66. Spaaij R., Anderson A. Soccer fan violence: A holistic approach. A reply to Braun and Vliegenthart. International Sociology 2010, 25:561-579.
67. Stott C.J., Hutchison P., Drury J. Hooligans abroad? Inter-group dynamics, social identity and participation in collective "disorder" at the 1998. World Cup Finals. British Journal of Social Psychology 2001, 40:359-384.
68. Stott C.J., Pearson G. Football "hooliganism": Policing and the war on the "English disease" 2007, Pennant Books, London.
69. Stott C.J., Reicher S.D. How conflict escalates: The inter-group dynamics of collective football crowd "violence". Sociology 1998, 32:353-377.
70. Stott C.J., Reicher S.D. Crowd action as intergroup process: Introducing the police perspective. European Journal of Social Psychology 1998, 28:509-529.
71. Tajfel H., Turner J.C. An integrative theory of intergroup relations. The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations 1979, 33-47. Brooks-Cole, Monterey, CA. W.G. Austin, S. Worchel (Eds.).
72. Taylor I. Football mad: A speculative sociology of football hooliganism. The sociology of sport 1971, 352-377. Frank Cass, London. E. Dunning (Ed.).
73. Tilly C. The politics of collective violence 2003, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
74. Tsoukala A. Football hooliganism in Europe: Security and civil liberties in the balance 2008, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
75. Van Limbergen K., Walgrave L. Sides, fans en hooligans. Voetbalvandalisme: Feiten, achtergronden en aanpak 1988, Acco, Leuven.
76. Waddington D., King M. The disorderly crowd: From classical psychological reductionism to socio-contextual theory - The impact on public order policing strategies. The Howard Journal 2005, 44:490-503.
77. Wann D.L. Aggression among highly identified spectators as a function of their need to maintain a positive social identity. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 1993, 17:134-143.
78. Wann D.L., Culver Z., Akanda R., Daglar M., de Divitiis C., Smith A. The effects of team identification and game outcome on willingness to consider anonymous acts of hostile aggression. Journal of Sport Behavior 2005, 28.
79. Wann D.L., Haynes G., McLean B., Pullen P. Sport team identification and willingness to consider anonymous acts of hostile aggression. Aggressive Behavior 2003, 29:406-413.
80. Wann D.L., Melnick M.J., Russell G.W., Pease D.G. Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators 2001, Routledge, New York.
81. Ward R.E. Fan violence: Social problem or moral panic?. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2002, 7:453-475.
82. Warren I. Football, crowds and cultures 2003, Australian Society for Sports History, Sydney.
83. Warren I., Hay R. "Fencing them in": The A-League, policing and the dilemma of public order. Soccer & Society 2009, 10:124-141.
84. Weinstein M.D., Smith M.D., Wiesenthal D.L. Masculinity and hockey violence. Sex Roles 1995, 33:831-847.
85. Williams R. Legitimate and illegitimate uses of violence. Violence and the politics of research 1981, 23-45. Plenum Press, New York. W. Gaylin, R. Macklin, T. Powledge (Eds.).
86. Young K. Sport and violence. Handbook of sports studies 2000, 382-407. Sage, London. J. Coakley, E. Dunning (Eds.).
87. Young K. Sport, violence and society 2012, Routledge, New York.