A computational model for path loss in wireless sensor networks in orchard environments

Sensors (Switzerland)

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 5118-5135

  Anastassiu, Hristos T ^a   Vougioukas, Stavros ^b   Fronimos, Theodoros ^c   Regen, Christian ^d   Petrou, Loukas ^c   Zude, Manuela ^d   Käthner, Jana ^d  

^a TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SERRES   (Greece)

^b Univ of California   (United States)

^c ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^d BEUTH UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Germany)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Attenuation; Canopy; Electromagnetic waves; Foliage; Range

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES; LINEAR SYSTEMS; ORCHARDS; RADIO WAVES; SCATTERING; SIGNAL RECEIVERS; VEGETATION; WAVE PROPAGATION; WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; ZIGBEE;

ATTENUATION; CANOPY; COMPLEX GEOMETRIES; COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; COMPUTATIONAL SOFTWARE; ILL-CONDITIONED LINEAR SYSTEMS; LOSSY DIELECTRIC SLAB; RANGE;

FORESTRY;

EID: 84896463187     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s140305118     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Tamir, T. On radio wave propagation in forest environments. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 1967, AP-15, 806-815.
2. Al-Nuaimi, M. O.; Hammoudeh, A. M. Measurements and predictions of attenuation and scatter of microwave signals by trees. IEE Proc. Antennas Propag. 1994, 141, 70-76.
3. Andrade-Sanchez, P.; Pierce, F. J.; Elliot, T. V. Performance Assessment of Wireless Sensor Networks in Agricultural Settings. In Proceedings of ASABE Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 17-20 June 2007.
4. Gay-Fernández, J. A.; Sánchez, M. G.; Cuiñas, I.; Alejow, A. V. Propagation Analysis and Deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network in a Forest. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 2010, 106, 121-145.
5. Barclay, L. Propagation of Radiowaves, 2nd ed.; IEE: London, UK, 2003.
6. Weissberger, M. A. An Initial Summary of Models for Predicting the Attenuation of Radio Waves by Trees; ESD-TR-81-101; EMC Analysis Center: Annapolis, MD, USA, 1982.
7. Stephens, R. B. L. A Study and Modeling of the Propagation Effects of Vegetation on Radiowaves at cm-Wavelength Frequencies. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Glamorgan: Trefforest, Wales, UK, July 1998.
8. Attenuation in Vegetation; ITU-R Recommendation, ITU-R P. 833-8, 2003. Available online: http://www. itu. int/rec/R-REC-P. 833-8-201309-I/en (accessed on 16 December 2013).
9. Stephens, R. B. L.; Al Nuaimi, M. O. Attenuation measurement and modeling in vegetation media at 11. 2 and 20 GHz. Electron. Lett. 1995, 31, 1783-1785.
10. Johnson, R. A.; Schwering, F. A Transport Theory of Millimeter Wave Propagation in Woods and Forest; CECOM-TR-85-1; Fort Monmouth: New Jersey, NJ, USA, 1985.
11. Meng, Y. S.; Lee, Y. H. Investigations of foliage effect on modern wireless communication systems. A review. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 2010, 105, 313-332.
12. Rogers, N. C.; Seville, A.; Richter, J.; Ndzi, D.; Savage, N.; Caldeirinha, R.; Shukla, A.; Al-Nuaimi, M. O.; Craig, K. H.; Vilar, E.; Austin, J. A Generic Model of 1-60 GHz Radio Propagation through Vegetation; Technical Report; Radiocommunications Agency: London, UK, May 2002.
13. Caldeirinha, R.; Al-Nuaimi, M. An Accurate Model for RCS of Single Leaves. In Proceedings of 4th European Personal Mobile Communications Conference (EPMCC2001), Vienna, Austria, 20-22 February 2001.
14. McNamara, D. A.; Pistorius, C. W. I.; Malherbe, J. A. G. Introduction to the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction; Artech House: Norwood, MA, USA, 1990.
15. Ishimaru, A. Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 1978; Volume 1, pp. 8-20.
16. Torrico, S. A.; Bertoni, H. L.; Lang, R. H. Modeling tree effects on path loss in a residential environment. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 1998, 46, 872-880.
17. Phaebua, K.; Kittisak, M. Path-loss prediction of radio wave propagation in an orchard by using modified UTD method. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 2012, 128, 347-363.
18. Sarabandi, K.; Koh, I.-S. A complete physics-based channel parameter simulation for wave propagation in a forest environment. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 2001, 49, 260-271.
19. Ndzi, D. L.; Kamarudin, M.; Muhammad, E. A. A.; Zakaria, A.; Ahmad, R. B.; Malek, M. F. B. A.; Shaka, A. Y. M.; Jafaar, M. N. Vegetation attenuation measurements and modeling in plantations for wireless sensor network planning. Prog. Electromagn. Res. B 2012, 36, 283-301.
20. Teschl, F., Perez, F. F.; Schonhuber, M.; Prieto, C. R.; Teschl, R. Attenuation of spruce, pine and deciduous woodland at C-band. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 2012, 11, 109-112.
21. Dhanavanthan B.; Rao, T. R.; Govindaraju, M. RF propagation experiments in agricultural fields and gardens for wireless sensor communications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. C 2013, 39, 103-118.
22. Gay-Fernández, J. A.; Cuiñas, I. Peer to Peer Wireless Propagation Measurements and Path-Loss Modeling in Vegetated Environments. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 2003, 61, 3302-3311.
23. Chong, P. K.; Kim, D. Surface-level path loss modeling for sensor networks in flat and irregular terrain. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 2013, 9, 1-32.
24. Sabri, N.; Aljunid, S. A.; Salim, M. S.; Kamaruddin, R.; Ahmad, R. B.; Malek, M. F. Path Loss Analysis of WSN Wave Propagation in Vegetation. J. Phys. 2013, 012063, 1-9.
25. Vougioukas, S.; Anastassiu, H. T.; Regen, C.; Zude, M. Influence of foliage on radio path losses (PLs) for wireless sensor network (WSN) planning in orchards. Biosyst. Eng. 2013, 114, 454-465.
26. Jian-Ming, J. The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics, 2nd ed.; Wiley-IEEE Press: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1993.
27. Anastassiu, H. T. A. Closed Form, Physical Optics Expression for the Radar Cross Section of a Perfectly Conducting Flat Plate over a Dielectric Half Space. Radio Sci. 2003, 38, doi: 10. 1029/2002RS002688.
28. Balanis, C. A. The Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design; J. Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1982.
29. Daian, G.; Taube, A.; Birnboim, A.; Daian, M.; Shramkov, Y. Modeling the dielectric properties of wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 237-246.
30. Norimoto, M. Dielectric Properties of Wood. Wood Res. 1976, 59, 106-110.
31. Perkalskis, S.; Freeman, J. R. Examining tensors in the lab: The dielectric permittivity and electrical resistivity of wood. Am. J. Phys. 1998, 66, 816-820.
32. Soil Dielectric Properties. Available online: http://pe2bz. philpem. me. uk/Comm/-%20Antenna/Info-905-Misc/soildiel. htm (accessed on 30 June 2013).
33. Helhel, S.; Colak, B.; Özen, S. Measurement of dielectric constant of thin leaves by moisture content at 4mm band. Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett. 2009, 7, 183-191.
34. Mätzler, C. Microwave (1-100 GHz) dielectric model of leaves. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 1994, 32, 947-949.