Mental and physical attributes defining world-class Norwegian athletes: Content analysis of interviews

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 422-427

  Boes, R ^a   Harung, H S ^b   Travis, F ^a   Pensgaard, A M ^c  

^a MAHARISHI UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT   (United States)

^b OSLO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (Norway)

^c NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Fitness; Interview studies; Mental training; Olympic athletes; Psychological development; Sports performance; Unified Theory of Performance

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FITNESS; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; INTERVIEW STUDIES; MALE; MENTAL FUNCTION; MENTAL TRAINING; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; NORWAY; OLYMPIC ATHLETES; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SELF CONCEPT; UNIFIED THEORY OF PERFORMANCE;

FITNESS; INTERVIEW STUDIES; MENTAL TRAINING; OLYMPIC ATHLETES; PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; SPORTS PERFORMANCE; UNIFIED THEORY OF PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; ATHLETES; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GOALS; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MALE; MENTAL PROCESSES; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, HUMAN; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; SELF EFFICACY;

EID: 84896400070     PISSN: 09057188     EISSN: 16000838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01498.x     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Alexander CN, Davies J, Dixon CA, Dillbeck M, Druker S, Oetzel RM, Muehlman JM, Orme-Johnson D. Growth of higher stages of consciousness. Maharishi Vedic Psychology of Human Development. In: Alexander CN, Langer E, eds. Higher stages of human development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990: 259-341.
2. Alsgaard T. Best på ski (Best on skis) Oslo, Norway: Tun Forlag, 2008.
3. Cook-Greuter S. Mature ego development: a gateway to ego transcendence? J Adult Dev 2000: 4 (7): 227-240.
4. Gibbs JC, Arnold KD, Morgan RL, Schwartz ES, Gavaghan MP, Tappan MB. Construction and validation of a measure of moral reasoning. Child Dev 1990: 55 (2): 527-553.
5. Gould D, Eklund RC, Jackson SA. U. S. Olympic wrestling excellence: mental preparation, precompetitive, cognition, and affect. Sport Psychol 1992: 6: 358-382.
6. Gould D, Maynard I. Psychological preparation for the Olympic Games. J Sports Sci 2009: 27 (13): 1393-1408.
7. Hardy L, Jones G, Gould D. Understanding psychological preparation for sport: theory and practice for elite performers. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1996.
8. Harung HS, Heaton DP, Graff WW, Alexander CN. Peak performance and higher states of consciousness: a study of world-class performers. J Manag Psychol 1996: 11 (4): 3-23.
9. Harung HS, Travis F, Blank W, Heaton D. Higher development, brain integration, and excellence in leadership. Manag Decis 2009: 47 (6): 872-894.
10. Harung HS, Travis F, Pensgaard AM, Boes R, Cook-Greuter S, Daley K. Higher psycho-physiological refinement in world-class Norwegian athletes: brain measure of performance capacity in sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011: 1: 32-41.
11. Jackson SA, Csíkszentmihályi M. Flow in sports: the keys to optimal experiences and performance. Windsor, ON: Human Kinetics, 1999.
12. Jones G. How the best of the best get better and better. Harv Bus Rev 2008: 86 (6): 123-128.
13. Jones G, Hanton S, Connaughton D. What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. J Appl Sport Psychol 2002: 14: 205-218.
14. Maslow AH. Towards a psychology of being, 2nd edn. New York: The Van Nostrand Company, 1968.
15. Michael A, Mc Daniel D, Whetzel F, Schmidt L, Maurer SD. The validity of employment interviews: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Behavioral Event Interview Structure. J Appl Psychol 1994: 79 (4): 599-616.
16. Orlick T, Partington J. Mental links to excellence. Sport Psychol 1988: 2: 105-130.
17. Ravizza K. Peak experiences in sports. J Humanist Psychol 1977: 17 (4): 35-40.
18. Rooke D, Torbert WR. Seven transformations of leadership. Harv Bus Rev 2005: 83: 66-76.
19. Sugiyama T, Inomata K. Qualitative examination of flow experience among top Japanese athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2005: 100: 969-982.
20. Thelwell RC, Greenless IA. Developing competitive endurance performance using mental skills training. Sport Psychol 2003: 17: 318-337.
21. Travis F, Arenander A, DuBois D. Psychological and physiological characteristics of a proposed object referral/self-referral continuum of self-awareness. Conscious Cogn 2004: 13 (2): 401-420.
22. Travis F, Brown S. My brain made me do it brain maturation and level of self development. In: Combs A, Pfaffenbeger AH, Marko PW, eds. The postconventional personality: perspectives on higher development. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2011: 23-38.
23. Travis F, Harung HS, Lagrosen Y. Moral development, executive functioning, peak experiences, and brain patterns in professional and amateur classical musicians: interpreted in light of a Unified Theory of Performance. Conscious Cogn 2011: 20 (4): 1256-1264.
24. Travis F, Tecce JJ, Arenander A, Wallace RK. Patterns of EEG coherence and contingent negative variation characterize the integration of transcendental and waking states. Biol Psychol 2002: 61: 293-319.
25. Vestberg T, Gustafson R, Maurex L, Ingvar M, Petrovic P. Executive functions predict the success of top-soccer players. PLoS ONE 2012: 7 (4): e34731.