Urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry: Transcending poverty alleviation to climate change mitigation and adaptation

Urban Climate

Volumn 7, Issue , 2014, Pages 92-106

  Lwasa, Shuaib ^a   Mugagga, Frank ^a   Wahab, Bolanle ^b   Simon, David ^c   Connors, John ^d   Griffith, Corrie ^d  

^a MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Climate Change; Mitigation; Urban Africa; Urban agriculture; Urban forestry

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896390448     PISSN: 22120955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.007     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Abdulsalam-Saghir P.B., Oshijo A.O. Integrated urban micro farming strategy mitigation against food crises in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. J. Agric. Ext. 2009, 13:35-44.
2. Abutiate, W., 1995. Urban and peri-urban horticultural activity in Ghana: an overview. In: Peri-Urban Interface Res. Work. Proc. UK Overseas Dev. Adm. Br. Counc, NRI, Kumasi, Ghana, pp. 45-50.
3. Adebisi-Adelani O., Olajide-Taiwo F.B., Adeoye I.B., Olajide-Taiwo L.O. Analysis of production constraints facing Fadama vegetable farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. World J. Agric. Sci. 2011, 7:189-192.
4. Adejuwon, J., 2000. Food security, climate variability and climate change in Sub Saharan West Africa. A Final Report Submitted to Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC), Project No. AF 23. The International START Secretariat. Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA. 156 pp, The International START Secretariat. Florida Avenue, 2006.
5. Adelekan, I., 2009. Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Climate Change in Lagos, Nigeria. Marseille, France, 18 pp.
6. Ibidun O. Adelekan, 2010. Urbanization and extreme weather: vulnerability of indigenous populations to windstorms in Ibadan, Nigeria. Tempe, Arizona, pp. 1-25.
7. Adeoti A., Hope L., Cofie O. RUAF in Ibadan-Nigeria. Urban AgricInfo. 2010, 3:8-11.
8. Action Aid Climate change, urban flooding and the rights of the urban poor in Africa: key findings from six African countries 2006, Action Aid, London.
9. Akegbejo-Samsons Y. Impact of urban agriculture on water reuse and related activities on the rural population of the coastal settlements of Ondo State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 2008, 8:48-62.
10. Alberti M., Marzluff J.M. Ecological resilience in urban ecosystems: linking urban patterns to human and ecological functions. Urban Ecosyst. 2004, 7:241-265.
11. Amoah P., et al. Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: microbiological contamination in farms and markets and associated consumer risk groups 2005, J. Water Health.
12. Amoah P., Drechsel P., Abaidoo R.C. Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: sources of pathogen contamination and health risk elimination. Irrig. Drain. 2005, 54:S49-S61.
13. Andreasen J., Andersen J.E., Inkoom D.K.B. Land and revenue in a "traditional town" in Ghana: the case of the Nkwanta sub-division in Mpasatia. Environ. Urban. 2011, 23:539-561.
14. Asomani-Boateng R., Haight M. Reusing organic solid waste in urban farming in African cities: a challenge for urban planners. Third World Plan. Rev. 1999, 21:411-428.
15. Atkinson S. Approaches and actors in urban food security in developing countries, Urban Agriculture and Cities in the Developing World. Habitat Int. 1995, 19(2):151-163.
16. Atukunda, G., 1998. An analysis of the impact of IDRC funded research projects on urban agriculture in Uganda. Makerere Institute of Social Research, University of Kampala, Kampala.
17. Aubry C., Ramamonjisoa J., Dabat M.H., Rakotoarisoa J., Rakotondraibe J., Rabeharisoa L. Urban agriculture and land use in cities: an approach with the multi-functionality and sustainability concepts in the case of Antananarivo (Madagascar). Land Use Policy 2012, 29:429-439.
18. Ayorinde A., Oyedokun P.O., Oladele J., Akinbobola A.A., Adeniran F.O., Olanrewaju F.O., et al. Review and Analysis of Policies, Regulations and Legislative Frameworks on Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in Ibadan 2007, Resource Centre for Urban and Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF).
19. Bakker, N., Dubbeling, M., Gündel, S., Sabel-Koschella, U., Zeeuw, H., 2000. Growing cities, growing food: urban agriculture on the policy agenda: a reader on urban, agriculture.
20. Battersby J. Urban Food security and climate change: a system of flows. Clim. Change Assets Food Secur. Afr. Cities, First 2012, 1-34. Earthscan, New York, US.
21. Biermann F., Boas I. Preparing for a warmer world: towards a global governance system to protect climate refugees. Global Environ. Polit. 2010, 10:60-88.
22. Binns T., Lynch K. Feeding Africa's growing cities into the 21st century: the potential of urban agriculture. J. Int. Dev. 1998, 10:777-793.
23. Birley M.H., Lock K. Health and peri-urban natural resource production. Environ. Urban. 1998, 10:89-106.
24. Boko M., Niang I., Nyong A., Vogel C., Githeko A., Medany M., et al. Africa. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, C.E. Hanson (Eds.).
25. Wastewater Use for Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture. Cities Farming Future Urban Agriculture Green Production in Cities 2006, RUAF Foundation/IDRC/IIRR, Ottawa, Canada, The Philippines, pp. 243-273. S. Buechler, G.D. Mekala, B. Keraita, R. Van Veenhuizen (Eds.).
26. Castillo, G., 2003. Livelihoods and the City: An Overview of the Emergence of Agriculture in Urban Spaces. Progress Report, Program on Development Studies.
27. Cissé O., Gueye N.F.D., Sy M. Institutional and legal aspects of urban agriculture in French-speaking West Africa: from marginalization to legitimization. Environ. Urban. 2005, 17:143-154.
28. Cofie, O., 2005. Emerging Issues in Urban Agricultural Development in West Africa. In: Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria, 17pp.
29. Cofie, O., van Veenhuizen, R., Dreschel, P., 2003. Contribution of urban and peri-urban agriclulture to food security in Sub Saharan Africa, in: Paper Presented at African Session of Third WWF, Kyoto.
30. Cohen M.J., Garrett J.L. The food price crisis and urban food (in) security. Environ. Urban. 2010, 22:467-482.
31. Cohen et al., 2008. Climate Change in West Africa: Recommendations for Adaptation and Mitigation.
32. Cole D., Lee-Smith D., Nasinyama G. Healthy city harvests: Generating evidence to guide policy on urban agriculture 2008, International Potato Center.
33. Corburn J. Cities, climate change and urban heat island mitigation: localizing global environmental science. Urban Stud. 2009, 46:413-427.
34. Couth R., Trois C. Carbon emissions reduction strategies in Africa from improved waste management: A review. Waste Manag. 2010, 30:2336-2346.
35. Crush J., Frayne B. Supermarket expansion and the informal food economy in Southern African cities: implications for urban food security. J. South. Afr. Stud. 2011, 37:781-807.
36. Danso G., Dreschel P., Cofie F. Developing Policy Support on Closing Rural-Urban Nutrient Recycling for Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in West Africa: Application of multi-stakeholder processes and approaches 2005, International Water Management.
37. De Bon H., Parrot L., Moustier P. Sustainable urban agriculture in developing countries: a review. J. Sustain. Agric. 2009, 619-633.
38. de Bon H., Parrot L., Moustier P. Sustainable urban agriculture in developing countries. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. EDP Sci. 2010, 30:21-32.
39. De Zeeuw H., Van Veenhuizen R., Dubbeling M. The role of urban agriculture in building resilient cities. J. Agric. Sci. 2011, 153-163.
40. De Zeeuw H., Van Veenhuizen R., Dubbeling M. The role of urban agriculture in building resilient cities in developing countries. J. Agric. Sci. 2011, 149:153-163.
41. Dolan A., Walker I.J. Understanding vulnerability of coastal communities to climate change related risks. J. Coast. Res. 2004, 39.
42. Douglas I., Alam K., Maghenda M., Mcdonnell Y., Mclean L., Campbell J. Unjust waters: climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa. Environ. Urban. 2008, 20:187-205.
43. Drechsel P., Kunze D. Waste composting for urban and peri-urban agriculture: Closing the rural-urban nutrient cycle in sub-Saharan Africa 2001, CABI.
44. Drechsel P., Graefe S., Sonou M., Cofie O. Informal Irrigation in Urban West Africa: An Overview 2006, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
45. A.W. Drescher, Food for the cities: urban agriculture in developing countries, in: Intenraional Conference on Urban, Horticulture 643, 2002: pp. 227-231.
46. Dubbeling M., Merzthal G. Sustaining Urban Agriculture Requires the Involvement of Multiple Stakeholders. Urban Agric. Green Prod. Cities Farming Future 2006, 19-51. Institute of Rural Reconstruction and ETC Urban Agriculture, The Philippines. R. Van Veenhuizen (Ed.).
47. Dubbeling M., Caton Campbell M., Hoekstra F., Van Veenhuizen R. Editorial: building resilient cities. Urban Agric. Mag. 2009, 3-11.
48. Dubbeling, M., de Zeeuw, H., van Veenhuizen, R. (Eds), 2010. Cities, Poverty and Food: Multi-Stakeholder Policy and Planning in Urban Agriculture. Practical Action Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-85339-709-7 http://www.cabdirect.org:80/search.html?q=bn%3A%229781853397097%22.
49. Ewing-Thiel J., Manarolla X. Policy Update: ICLEI USA draft framework for measuring and reporting community GHG emissions. Carbon Manag. 2011, 2:371-375.
50. Faling W. A spatial planning perspective on climate change, asset adaptation and food security: the case of two South African cities. Clim. Change Assets Food Secur. Afr. Cities, First 2012, 163-185. Earthscan, New York, US.
51. Foeken Dick W.J., Owuor Samuel O. Farming as a livelihood source for the urban poor of Nakuru Kenya. Geoforum 2008, 39:1978-1990.
52. Foley J.A. Global consequences of land use. Science 2005, 309:570-574.
53. Frayne B., Moser C., Ziervogel G. Understanding the terrain: the climate change, assets and food security nexus in Southern African cities. Climate Change, Assets and Food Security in Southern African Cities 2012, 1-34. Earthscan, Abingdon, UK & New York, US.
54. Frayne B., Moser C.O.N., Ziervogel G. Climate Change, Assets and Food Security in Southern African Cities 2012, Earthscan, Milton Park, UK, New York.
55. Friedrich E., Trois C. Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from waste management processes for municipalities - A comparative review focusing on Africa. Waste Manag. 2011, 31:1585-1596.
56. Furedy, C., Chowdhury, T., 1996. Solid waste reuse and urban agriculture; dilemmas in developing countries: the bad news and the good news. Urban Agriculture Notes. City Farmer Canada's Off. Urban Agric.
57. Gentil E., Christensen T.H., Aoustin E. Greenhouse gas accounting and waste management. Waste Manag. Res. J. Int. Solid Wastes Public Clean. Assoc. ISWA 2009, 27:696-706.
58. Giddings S. The Land Market in Kampala, Uganda and its effects on Settlement Partterns 2009, International Housing Coalition, Washington DC, USA, p. 33.
59. Grimm N.B., Foster D., Groffman P., Grove J.M., Hopkinson C.S., Nadelhoffer K.J., et al. The changing landscape: ecosystem responses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2008, 6:264-272.
60. Grimm N.B., Faeth S.H., Golubiewski N.E., Redman C.L., Wu J., Bai X., et al. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 2008, 319:756-760.
61. Henk de Zeeuw, 2011. Climate Change RUAF conference May 2011.pdf.
62. Holmer, R.B., 2001. Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Local Economic Development. 12 pp.
63. ICLEI, 2012. WRI, Global Protocol for Community-based GHG emissions.
64. International Development Research Centre (Canada), 2011. International Potato Center, (ed.), African Urban Harvest: Agriculture in the Cities of Cameroon, Kenya, and Uganda, Fountain. Fountain Publishers, International Development Research Centre; International Potato Centre, Kampala, Ottawa, Canada, Lima, Peru.
65. IWMI Recycling realities: managing health risks to make wastewater an asset. Water Policy Brief. 2006, 17.
66. Keraita B., Drechsel P. Agricultural use of untreated urban wastewater in Ghana. Wastewater Use Irrig. Agric. Confronting Livelihood Environ. Realities 2004, 101-112. IWMI-IDRC-CABI, Wallingford.
67. Knuth L. Legal and Institutional Aspects of Urban and Peri-urban Forestry and Greening 2005, Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations, Rome, Italy.
68. Lee-Smith D. Cities feeding people: an update on urban agriculture in equatorial Africa. Environ. Urban. 2010, 22:483-499.
69. Lovell S.T., Johnston D.M. Designing landscapes for performance based on emerging principles in landscape ecology. Ecol. Soc. 2009, 14.
70. Lwasa S. Adapting urban areas in Africa to climate change: the case of Kampala. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 2010, 2:166-171.
71. Lwasa, S., Tenywa, M., Majaliwa Mwanjalolo, G.J., Prain, G., Sengendo, H., 2009. Enhancing adaptation of poor urban dwellers to the effects of climate variability and change. IOP Conference Series, Earth and Environ. Sci., p. 332002.
72. Masashua H.E., Provident J., Hawassi G. Potentials of urban horticulture for poverty reduction in Dar es salaam: the case of Kinondoni Municipality 2009, Eldis, Poverty Resource Guide (Online).
73. Matagi S.V. Some issues of environmental concern in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2002, 77:121-138.
74. Maxwell D.G. Alternative food security strategy: a household analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala. World Dev. 1995, 1669-1681.
75. Maxwell D. The political economy and urban food security in sub-Saharan Africa. World Dev. 1999, 1939-1953.
76. May J., Rogerson C.M. Poverty and sustainable cities in South Africa: the role of urban cultivation. Habitat Int. 1995, 2:165-181.
77. Mbabazi J., Wasswa J., Kwetegyeka J., Bakyaita G. Heavy metal contamination in vegetables cultivated on a major urban wetland inlet drainage system of lake victoria, Uganda. Int. J. Environ. Studies 2010, 67(3):333-348.
78. McDonnell M.J., Pickett S.T.A., Groffman P., Bohlen P., Pouyat R.V., Zipperer W.C., et al. Ecosystem processes along an urban-to-rural gradient. Urban Ecosyst. 1997, 1:21-36.
79. Mkwambisi D.D., Fraser E.D.G., Dougill A.J. Urban agriculture and poverty reduction: Evaluating how food production in cities contributes to food security, employment and income in Malawi. J. Int. Dev. 2011, 23:181-203.
80. Mougeot L.J.A. Urban agriculture: definition, presence, potentials and risks. Grow. Cities Grow. Food Urban Agriculture. Policy Agenda Read. Urban Agriculture 2000, 99-117. DSE/ETC, Feldafing, Germany. M. Dubbeling, S. Geundel, U. Sabel Koschella, H. de Zeew (Eds.).
81. Mougeot, L.J.A., 2000. Urban agriculture: definition, presence, potentials and risks. In: Grow. Cities Grow. Food Urban Agric. Policy Agenda.
82. Mougeot L.J.A. Agropolis: The social, political, and environmental dimensions of urban agriculture 2005, Earthscan/James & James.
83. Nabulo, G., 2002. Assessment of heavy metal uptake by selected food crops and vegetables around Kampala city area, Uganda.
84. Niang S., Diop A., Faruqui N., Redwood M., Gaye M. Reuse of untreated wastewater in market gardens in Dakar, Senegal. Urban Agric. Mag. 2002, 8:35-36.
85. Novotny Vladimir, Brown P. Cities of the Future: Towards Integrated Sustainable Water and Lanscape Management 2007, IWA Publishing, London.
86. Nsangu, C.A., Redwood, M., 2009. Urban agriculture and physical planning: a case study of Zaria, Nigeria. Agric. Urban Plan. Gener. Livelihoods Food Secur. pp. 217.
87. Odebode S.O. Assessment of home gardening as a potential source of household income in Akinyele local government area of Oyo State. Nigerian J. Horticult. Sci. 2006, 11:47-55.
88. Olayioye J.T. Urban agriculture in Ilorin 2012, Kwara State, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
89. Onyenechere E.C. Climate change and spatial planning concerns in Nigeria: remedial measures for more effective response. J. Hum. Ecol. 2010, 32:137-148.
90. Oyedipe E.O. National Food Crisis Response Programme, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2009, UN House, Abuja, Nigeria.
91. Oyejide O. Urban agriculture as a poverty reduction strategy in Nigeria; the case of Ibadan 2006, University of Ibadan, Oyo State.
92. Padoch C., Brondizio E., Costa S., Pinedo-Vasquez M., Sears R.R., Siqueira A. Urban forest and rural cities: multi-sited households, consumption patterns, and forest resources in Amazonia. Ecol. Soc. 2008, 13.
93. Potts D. Challenging the myths of urban dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa: the evidence from Nigeria. World Dev. 2012, 40:1382-1393.
94. Potts, D., 2012a. Whatever Happened to Africa's Rapid Urbanization. Conference paper given at the World Urban Forum 6, Naples, August 2012.
95. Prain G., Karanja N., Lee-Smith D. African Urban Harvest: Agriculture in the Cities of Cameroon, Kenya and Uganda 2010, Springer, New York and IDRC Ottawa.
96. Ricci L. Peri-urban livelihood and adaptive capacity: urban development in Dar Es Salaam. J. Sustain. Dev. 2012, 39-54.
97. Roberts D., Boon R., Diederichs N., Douwes E., Govender N., McInnes A., et al. Exploring ecosystem-based adaptation in Durban, South Africa: "learning-by-doing" at the local government coal face 2011, Environ. Urban.
98. Mehrotra, Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network 2011, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. C. Rosenzweig, W. Solecki, S.A. Hammer (Eds.).
99. RUAF, 2010. Urban and peri-urban agriculture in Ibadan. Characteristics, Challenges and Prospects, A Policy Narrative.
100. Satterthwaite, D., Huq, S., Pelling, M., Reid, H., Lankao, P.R., 2007. Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas: The Possibilities and Constraints in Low-and Middle-Income Nations. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), ISBN: 978-1-84369-669-8. Accessible at http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=10549IIED.
101. Schmidt S. Getting the policy right: urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int. Dev. Plan. Rev. 2012, 129-145.
102. Schmidt S. Getting the policy right: urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int. Dev. Plan. Rev. 2012, 34:129-145.
103. Scholes R., Biggs R. Ecosystem services in southern Africa: a regional assessment. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2004.
104. Simon D. Climate and environmental change and the potential for greening African cities'. Local Econ. 2013, 28:203-217.
105. Smit J., Ratta A., Nasr J. Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities 1996, UNDP.
106. Sonou M. Peri-urban irrigated agriculture and health risks in Ghana. Urban Agric. Mag. 2001, 3:33-34.
107. Stage J., Stage J., Mcgranahan G. Is urbanization contributing to higher food prices?. Environ. Urban. 2010, 22:199-215.
108. Steffan-Dewenter I., Kessler M., Barkmann J., Bos M.M., Buchori D., Erasmi S., et al. Tradeoffs between income, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning during tropical rainforest conversion and agroforestry intensification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007, 104:4973-4978.
109. Stoffberg G.H., van Rooyen M.W., van der Linde M.J., Groeneveld H.T. Carbon sequestration estimates of indigenous street trees in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Urban For. Urban Green. 2010, 9:9-14.
110. Stoler J., Weeks J.R., Getis A., Hill A.G. Distance Threshold for the Effect of Urban Agriculture on Elevated Self-reported Malaria Prevalence in Accra, Ghana. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2009, 80:547-554.
111. Swalheim S., Dodman D. Building Resilience: How the Urban Poor can Drive Climate Adaptation 2008, IIED, London.
112. Tallis H., Kareiva P., Marvier M., Chang A. Ecosystem services special feature: an ecosystem services framework to support both practical conservation and economic development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105:9457-9464.
113. Tilman D., Reich P.B., Isbell F. Biodiversity impacts ecosystem productivity as much as resources, disturbance, or herbivory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2012, 109:10394-10397.
114. Torquebiau E. Are tropical agroforestry homegardens sustainable?. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 1992, 189-207.
115. Townsend-Small A., Czimczik C.I. Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in urban turf. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L02707.
116. UN-HABITAT, 2006. Planning for Climate Change: A Strategic, Values-based Approach for Urban Planners. Version 1: For Field Testing and Piloting in Training.
117. UN Habitat Planning for Sustainable Cities; Global Report on Human Settlements 2009 2009, Earthscan, London; Sterling, VA.
118. UN-HABITAT Global Report on Human Settlements. The United Nations Human Settlements: Cities and Climate Change 2011, Earthscan, London/Whashington, DC.
119. Van Rooijen D.J., Biggs T.W., Smout I., Drechsel P. Urban growth, wastewater production and use in irrigated agriculture: a comparative study of Accra, Addis Ababa and Hyderabad. Irrig. Drain. Syst. 2010, 24:53-64.
120. Walters B., Ronnback P., Kovacs J., Crona B., Hussain S., Badola R., et al. Ethnobiology, socio-economics and management of mangrove forests: a review. Aquat. Bot. 2008, 220-236.
121. Wambui, E.N., 2007. Diversification of food production systems to enhance household food and nutrition security among peri-urban farmers in Kamae area-Nairobi.
122. Zoellick R.B. Climate Smart Future 2009, Nation NewspapersVintage Press Ltd., 18 pp.