Raphe nuclei echogenicity changes in major depression

Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Volumn 28, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Ghourchian, Shadi ^a   Zamani, Babak ^b   Poorkosary, Kosar ^c   Malakouti, Seyed Kazem ^b   Rohani, Mohammad ^b  

^a IRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b IRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Major depressive disorder; Raphe nuclei echogenicity; Transcranial sonography (TCS)

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896302821     PISSN: 10161430     EISSN: 22516840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCSR). JAMA. 2003; 289(203):3095-105.
2. Andrade L, Caraveo A. Epidemiology of major depressive episodes: Results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2003; 12(1): 3-21.
3. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 2005; 76:i48-i52.
4. Furuhata H. New evolution of transcranial tomography (TCT) and transcranial color Doppler tomography (TCDT). Neurosonology1989; 2:8-15.
5. Geyer MA, Puerto A, Dawsey WJ, Knapp S, Bullard WP, Mandell AJ. Histological and enzymatic studies of the mesolimbic and mesostriatal serotonergic pathways. Brain Res 1976; 106:241-56.
6. Carpenter MB, Sutin J. Human neuroanatomy. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1983:403-53; 560-7; 639-42.
7. Becker G, Struck M, Bogdahn U, Becker T. Echogenicity of the brainstem raphe in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res 1994; 55, 75-84.
8. Becker G, Becker T, Struck M, Lindner A, Burzer K, Retz W, et al. Reduced echogenicity of brainstem raphe specific to unipolar depression: A transcranial color-coded real-time sonography study. Biol. Psychiatry 1995; 38, 180-184.
9. Becker T, Becker G, Seufert J, Hofmann E, Lange KW, Naumann M, et al. Parkinson's disease and depression: Evidence for an alteration of the basal limbic system detected by transcranial sonography. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1997; 63, 590-596.
10. Walter U, Krolikowski K, Tarnacka B, Benecke R, Czlonkowska A, Dressler D. Sonographic detection of basal ganglia lesions in asymptomatic and symptomatic Wilson disease. Neurology 2005; 64, 1726-1732.
11. Berg D, Supprian T, Thomae J, Warmuth-Metz M, Horowski A, Zeiler B, et al. Lesion pattern in patients with multiple sclerosis and depression. Mult. Scler 2000; 6, 156-162.
12. Becker G, Berg D, Lesch KP, Becker T. Basal limbic system alteration in major depression: A hypothesis supported by transcranial sonography and MRI findings. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 4, 21-31.
13. Berg D, Supprian T, Hofmann E, Zeiler B, Jager A, Lange KW, et al. Depression in Parkinson's disease: Brainstem midline alteration on transcranial sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurol 1999; 246, 1186-1193.
14. Walter U, Hoeppner J, Prudente-Morrissey L, Horowski S, Herpertz SC, Benecke R. Parkinson's disease-like midbrain sonography abnormalities are frequent in depressive disorders. Brain 2007; 130, 1799-1807.
15. Glowinski J, Tassin JP, Thierry AM. The meso-cortico prefrontal dopaminergic neurons. Trends Neurosci1984; 7: 415-8.
16. Azmitia EC, Gannon PJ. Primate serotonergic system: a review of human and animal studies and a report on Macacafascicularis. In: Fahn S, ed. Myoclonus. Adv Neurol 1986; 43: 407-68.
17. Walter U, Prudente-Morrissey L, Herpertz SC, Benecke R, Hoeppner J. Relationship of brainstem raphe echogenicity and clinical findings in depressive states. Psychiatry Res. 2007 May 15; 155(1):67-73.
18. Becker T, Becker G, Seufert J, Hofmann E, Lange KW, Naumann M, et al. Parkinson's disease and depression: evidence for an alteration of the basal limbic system detected by transcranialsonography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1997; 63: 590-596.