메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-207

Technological learning: A strategic imperative for firms in the developing world

(1)  Marcelle, Gillian M a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84896243336     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4337/9781845426910     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (23)

References (156)
  • 4
    • 84896168056 scopus 로고
    • Seeking Truth and Actionable Knowledge: How the Scientific Method Inhibits Both
    • C. Argyris (ed.), Cambridge:MA: Blackwell
    • Argyris, C. (1993b), ‘Seeking Truth and Actionable Knowledge: How the Scientific Method Inhibits Both’, in C. Argyris (ed.), On Organizational Learning, Cambridge:MA: Blackwell pp. 286-94.
    • (1993) On Organizational Learning , pp. 286-294
    • Argyris, C.1
  • 5
    • 0347735733 scopus 로고
    • Teaching Smart People How to Learn
    • R. Howard (ed.), Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press
    • Argyris, C. (1993c), Teaching Smart People How to Learn’, in R. Howard (ed.), The Learning Imperative: Managing People for Continuous Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, pp. 177-94.
    • (1993) The Learning Imperative: Managing People for Continuous Innovation , pp. 177-194
    • Argyris, C.1
  • 6
    • 0003275615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prologue: Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Management
    • London: Sage
    • Argyris, C. (1996), ‘Prologue: Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Management’, in B. Moingeon and A. Edmondson (eds), Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage, London: Sage, pp. 1-6.
    • (1996) Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage , pp. 1-6
    • Argyris, C.1
  • 8
    • 84896245353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning the Researcher/Practitioner Relationship on Its Head
    • C. Argyris and D. Schon (eds), Wokingham: Addison-Wesley
    • Argyris, C. and D. Schon (1996a), Turning the Researcher/Practitioner Relationship on Its Head’, in C. Argyris and D. Schon (eds), Organizational Learning II, Theory, Method and Practice, Wokingham: Addison-Wesley, pp. 30-51.
    • (1996) Organizational Learning II, Theory, Method and Practice , pp. 30-51
    • Argyris, C.1    Schon, D.2
  • 10
    • 84962698725 scopus 로고
    • The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing
    • Arrow, K. (1962), ‘The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing’, Review of Economic Studies, 29(2): 155-73.
    • (1962) Review of Economic Studies , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-173
    • Arrow, K.1
  • 13
    • 84896930624 scopus 로고
    • Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage
    • Barney, J. (1991), ‘Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage’, Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-120.
    • (1991) Journal of Management , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-120
    • Barney, J.1
  • 14
    • 0000960986 scopus 로고
    • “Learning” and the Accumulation of Technological Capability
    • London: Macmillan
    • Bell, M. (1984), '“Learning” and the Accumulation of Technological Capability’, in M. Fransman and K. King (eds) Technological Capability in the Third World, London: Macmillan, pp. 187-209.
    • (1984) Technological Capability in the Third World , pp. 187-209
    • Bell, M.1
  • 16
    • 0003158672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological Accumulation and Industrial Growth: Contrasts between Developed and Developing Countries
    • D. Archibugi and J. Michie (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bell, M. and K. Pavitt (1997), Technological Accumulation and Industrial Growth: Contrasts between Developed and Developing Countries’, in D. Archibugi and J. Michie (eds), Technology, Globalisation and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83-137.
    • (1997) Technology, Globalisation and Economic Performance , pp. 83-137
    • Bell, M.1    Pavitt, K.2
  • 18
    • 0004010146 scopus 로고
    • London: Kogan Page (with Cranfield School of Management, Human Resource Research Centre)
    • Brewster, C. (1991), The Management of Expatriates, London: Kogan Page (with Cranfield School of Management, Human Resource Research Centre).
    • (1991) The Management of Expatriates
    • Brewster, C.1
  • 20
    • 0001236901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpacking the Black Box of Modularity: Technologies, Products and Organizations
    • Brusoni, S. and A. Prencipe (2001), ‘Unpacking the Black Box of Modularity: Technologies, Products and Organizations’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(1), 179-205.
    • (2001) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 179-205
    • Brusoni, S.1    Prencipe, A.2
  • 21
    • 0003132686 scopus 로고
    • On the Nature, Function and Composition of Technological Systems
    • Carlsson, B. and R. Stankiewicz (1991), ‘On the Nature, Function and Composition of Technological Systems’, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1: 93-118.
    • (1991) Journal of Evolutionary Economics , vol.1 , pp. 93-118
    • Carlsson, B.1    Stankiewicz, R.2
  • 22
    • 11544323551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing and Monitoring Strategic Competence
    • J. Butler and A. Piccaluga (eds), Milan: Gemini E Associati
    • Chiesa, V., R. Manzini and A. Rangone (1996), ‘Assessing and Monitoring Strategic Competence’, in J. Butler and A. Piccaluga (eds), Knowledge, Technology and Innovative Organisations, Milan: Gemini E Associati, pp. 89-104.
    • (1996) Knowledge, Technology and Innovative Organisations , pp. 89-104
    • Chiesa, V.1    Manzini, R.2    Rangone, A.3
  • 23
    • 0000041791 scopus 로고
    • Innovation and Learning:The Two Faces of R&D
    • Cohen, W., and Levinthal, D. (1989), ‘Innovation and Learning:The Two Faces of R&D’, Economic Journal, 99, 560-96.
    • (1989) Economic Journal , vol.99 , pp. 560-596
    • Cohen, W.1    Levinthal, D.2
  • 24
    • 84936166194 scopus 로고
    • Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation
    • Cohen, W.M. and D.A. Levinthal (1990), ‘Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation’, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128-52.
    • (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.35 , pp. 128-152
    • Cohen, W.M.1    Levinthal, D.A.2
  • 29
    • 0001188672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation in Large Technical Systems: The Case of Telecommunications
    • Davies, A. (1996), ‘Innovation in Large Technical Systems: The Case of Telecommunications’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 5(4): 1143-80.
    • (1996) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 1143-1180
    • Davies, A.1
  • 32
    • 84965427194 scopus 로고
    • Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literatures
    • Dodgson, M. (1993), ‘Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literatures’, Organization Studies, 14(3): 375-93.
    • (1993) Organization Studies , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-393
    • Dodgson, M.1
  • 34
    • 0004112735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities
    • G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Dosi, G., R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (2000a), ‘Introduction: The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities’, in G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-22.
    • (2000) The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities , pp. 1-22
    • Dosi, G.1    Nelson, R.R.2    Winter, S.3
  • 37
    • 33646598728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Client services on-line report available at, dated 12 July 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit, [last accessed 24/02/2000]
    • Economist Intelligence Unit (1999a), ‘Ghana Country Report’ (Client services on-line report available at http://www.eiu.com), dated 12 July 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit, [last accessed 24/02/2000].
    • (1999) Ghana Country Report
  • 38
    • 84896244954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Client services on-line report available at, dated 12 November 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit [last accessed 24/02/2000]
    • Economist Intelligence Unit (1999b), ‘South Africa Country Report’ (Client services on-line report available at http://www.eiu.com), dated 12 November 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit [last accessed 24/02/2000].
    • (1999) South Africa Country Report
  • 39
    • 84896257088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Client services online report available at, dated 12 November 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit [last accessed 24/02/2000]
    • Economist Intelligence Unit (1999c), ‘Tanzania Country Report’ (Client services online report available at http://www.eiu.com), dated 12 November 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit [last accessed 24/02/2000].
    • (1999) Tanzania Country Report
  • 40
    • 84896256719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Client services online report available at, dated 26 November 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit [last accessed 24/02/2000]
    • Economist Intelligence Unit (1999d), ‘Uganda Country Report’ (Client services online report available at http://www.eiu.com), dated 26 November 1999, Economist Intelligence Unit [last accessed 24/02/2000].
    • (1999) Uganda Country Report
  • 41
    • 0003310667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When to Learn How and When to Learn Why: Appropriate Organizational Learning Processes as a Source of Competitive Advantage
    • B. Moingeon and A. Edmondson (eds), London: Sage
    • Edmondson, A. and B. Moingeon (1996), ‘When to Learn How and When to Learn Why: Appropriate Organizational Learning Processes as a Source of Competitive Advantage’, in B. Moingeon and A. Edmondson (eds), Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage, London: Sage, pp. 17-37.
    • (1996) Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage , pp. 17-37
    • Edmondson, A.1    Moingeon, B.2
  • 48
    • 84896213201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • unpublished paper presented at seminar organized by Institute of Social Sciences, Technical University of Denmark under the Technology Assessment Project sponsored by DANIDA, Lyngby, Denmark, November
    • Essegbey, G. and W. Atubra (1996), ‘The State of Ghana Telecommunications and Prospects for Private Enterprise’, unpublished paper presented at seminar organized by Institute of Social Sciences, Technical University of Denmark under the Technology Assessment Project sponsored by DANIDA, Lyngby, Denmark, November.
    • (1996) The State of Ghana Telecommunications and Prospects for Private Entsrprise
    • Essegbey, G.1    Atubra, W.2
  • 49
    • 85079312543 scopus 로고
    • The Three Decades of Africa’s Science and Technology Policy Development
    • M. Huq, P. Bhatt, C. Lewis and A. Shibli (eds), London: Frank Cass
    • Forje, J. (1991), ‘The Three Decades of Africa’s Science and Technology Policy Development’, in M. Huq, P. Bhatt, C. Lewis and A. Shibli (eds), Science, Technology and Development: North-South Co-operation, London: Frank Cass, pp. 107-115.
    • (1991) Science, Technology and Development: North-South Co-operation , pp. 107-115
    • Forje, J.1
  • 50
    • 84896255183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete Contracts and Economic Organization: Brian Loasby and the Theory of the Firm
    • S. Dow and P. Earl (eds), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar
    • Foss, N. (1999), ‘Incomplete Contracts and Economic Organization: Brian Loasby and the Theory of the Firm’, in S. Dow and P. Earl (eds), Contingency, Complexity and the Theory of the Firm. Essays in Honour of Brian J. Loasby, Vol II, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp.40-66.
    • (1999) Contingency, Complexity and the Theory of the Firm. Essays in Honour of Brian J. Loasby, Vol II , pp. 40-66
    • Foss, N.1
  • 52
    • 6944245129 scopus 로고
    • The “National System of Innovation” in Historical Perspective
    • Freeman, C. (1995), ‘The “National System of Innovation” in Historical Perspective’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19: 5-24.
    • (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economics , vol.19 , pp. 5-24
    • Freeman, C.1
  • 53
    • 0002252991 scopus 로고
    • Structural Crises of Adjustment: Business Cycles and Investment Behaviour
    • G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, and L. Soete (eds), London: Pinter
    • Freeman, C. and C. Perez (1988), ‘Structural Crises of Adjustment: Business Cycles and Investment Behaviour’, in G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, and L. Soete (eds), Technical Change and Economic Theory, London: Pinter, pp. 38-66.
    • (1988) Technical Change and Economic Theory , pp. 38-66
    • Freeman, C.1    Perez, C.2
  • 55
    • 5244311608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing Telecommunications in Ghana
    • Spring
    • Frempong, G. (1996), ‘Developing Telecommunications in Ghana’, IEEE Technology and Society, Spring: 23-31.
    • (1996) IEEE Technology and Society , pp. 23-31
    • Frempong, G.1
  • 56
    • 0031352341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing Ghana’s Telecommunication Policy
    • Winter 1997/98
    • Frempong, G. (1997), ‘Assessing Ghana’s Telecommunication Policy’, IEEE Technology and Society, Winter 1997/98: 37-45.
    • (1997) IEEE Technology and Society , pp. 37-45
    • Frempong, G.1
  • 57
    • 0027630926 scopus 로고
    • Building a Learning Organization
    • July-August
    • Garvin, D. (1993), ‘Building a Learning Organization’, Harvard Business Review, July-August: 79-91.
    • (1993) Harvard Business Review , pp. 79-91
    • Garvin, D.1
  • 58
    • 0025252620 scopus 로고
    • Overcoming Technological Dependency: The Case of Electric Arc (Jamaica) Ltd, a Small Firm in a Small Developing Country
    • Girvan, N. and G. Marcelle (1990), ‘Overcoming Technological Dependency: The Case of Electric Arc (Jamaica) Ltd, a Small Firm in a Small Developing Country’, World Development, 18: 91-107.
    • (1990) World Development , vol.18 , pp. 91-107
    • Girvan, N.1    Marcelle, G.2
  • 62
    • 0002667288 scopus 로고
    • The Evolution of Large Technical Systems
    • W.E. Bijker, T.P. Hughes and T.J. Pinch (eds), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Hughes, T.P. (1987), ‘The Evolution of Large Technical Systems’, in W.E. Bijker, T.P. Hughes and T.J. Pinch (eds), The Social Construction of Technological Systems, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 51-82.
    • (1987) The Social Construction of Technological Systems , pp. 51-82
    • Hughes, T.P.1
  • 66
    • 0004109758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva: International Telecommunication Union
    • ITU/BDT (1998c), African Telecommunication Indicators, Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
    • (1998) African Telecommunication Indicators
  • 67
    • 0009402582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • available at, last accessed 24/02/2000
    • ITU/BDT (2000), ‘World Telecommunication Indicators’, available at http://www.itu.int/publications/online.htm [last accessed 24/02/2000].
    • (2000) World Telecommunication Indicators
  • 69
    • 0006037173 scopus 로고
    • NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 5383, NBER, Cambridge, MA
    • Jovanovic, B. (1995), ‘Learning and Growth’, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 5383, NBER, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1995) Learning and Growth
    • Jovanovic, B.1
  • 71
    • 85089330315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTI Working Paper No. 16, Centre for Tele-information, Lyngby, Denmark
    • Kilaba, J. (1996) ‘Telecommunication Sector Reform in Tanzania’, CTI Working Paper No. 16, Centre for Tele-information, Lyngby, Denmark.
    • (1996) Telecommunication Sector Reform in Tanzania
    • Kilaba, J.1
  • 73
    • 0007769191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building Technological Capability for Industrialisation: Analytical Frameworks and Korea’s Experience
    • Kim, L. (1999), ‘Building Technological Capability for Industrialisation: Analytical Frameworks and Korea’s Experience’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 8(1): 111-35.
    • (1999) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-135
    • Kim, L.1
  • 78
    • 0026471950 scopus 로고
    • Technological Capabilities and Industrialization
    • Lall, S. (1992), Technological Capabilities and Industrialization’, World Development, 20(2): 165-86.
    • (1992) World Development , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-186
    • Lall, S.1
  • 80
    • 13644249522 scopus 로고
    • Implementation as Mutual Adaptation of Technology and Organization
    • Leonard-Barton, D. (1988), ‘Implementation as Mutual Adaptation of Technology and Organization’, Research Policy, 17: 251-67.
    • (1988) Research Policy , vol.17 , pp. 251-267
    • Leonard-Barton, D.1
  • 81
    • 84938687906 scopus 로고
    • Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities
    • Leonard-Barton, D. (1992a), ‘Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities’, Strategic Management Journal, 13: 111-25.
    • (1992) Strategic Management Journal , vol.13 , pp. 111-125
    • Leonard-Barton, D.1
  • 82
    • 0002473726 scopus 로고
    • The Factory as a Learning Laboratory
    • Fall
    • Leonard-Barton, D. (1992b), ‘The Factory as a Learning Laboratory’, Sloan Management Review, Fall: 23-38.
    • (1992) Sloan Management Review , pp. 23-38
    • Leonard-Barton, D.1
  • 84
    • 0346875621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational Capabilities in Complex Worlds
    • G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Levinthal, D. (2000), ‘Organizational Capabilities in Complex Worlds’, in G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 363-79.
    • (2000) The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities , pp. 363-379
    • Levinthal, D.1
  • 85
    • 0000716817 scopus 로고
    • Innovation as an Interactive Process: From User-Producer Interaction to the National System of Innovation
    • G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R.R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, and L. Soete (eds) (1988), London: Pinter
    • Lundvall, B.-Á. (1988), ‘Innovation as an Interactive Process: From User-Producer Interaction to the National System of Innovation’, in G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R.R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, and L. Soete (eds) (1988), Technical Change and Economic Theory, London: Pinter, pp. 349-69.
    • (1988) Technical Change and Economic Theory , pp. 349-369
    • Lundvall, B.-Á.1
  • 86
    • 0003497331 scopus 로고
    • Inaugural Lecture, Department of Business Studies, Aalborg University, Denmark
    • Lundvall, B.-Á. (1995), ‘The Social Dimensions of the Learning Economy’ Inaugural Lecture, Department of Business Studies, Aalborg University, Denmark.
    • (1995) The Social Dimensions of the Learning Economy
    • Lundvall, B.-Á.1
  • 91
    • 52849098797 scopus 로고
    • Innovation in Telecommunication: Bridging the Supplier-User Interface
    • M. Dodgson and R. Rothwell (eds), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar
    • Mansell, R. (1995), ‘Innovation in Telecommunication: Bridging the Supplier-User Interface’, in M. Dodgson and R. Rothwell (eds), Handbook of Industrial Innovation, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp.232-242.
    • (1995) Handbook of Industrial Innovation , pp. 232-242
    • Mansell, R.1
  • 99
    • 0001884107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resources, Capabilities and Comptencies
    • B. Moingeon and A. Edmondson (eds), London: Sage
    • Nanda, A. (1996), ‘Resources, Capabilities and Comptencies’, in B. Moingeon and A. Edmondson (eds), Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage, London: Sage, pp. 93-120.
    • (1996) Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage , pp. 93-120
    • Nanda, A.1
  • 100
    • 0009961094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talking About Routines in the Field: The Emergence of Organizational Capabilities in a New Cellular Phone Network Company
    • G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Narduzzo, A., F. Rocco and M. Warglen (2000), ‘Talking About Routines in the Field: The Emergence of Organizational Capabilities in a New Cellular Phone Network Company’, in G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds) The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 27-50.
    • (2000) The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities , pp. 27-50
    • Narduzzo, A.1    Rocco, F.2    Warglen, M.3
  • 101
    • 84989040103 scopus 로고
    • Why Do Firms Differ, and How Does It Matter
    • Nelson, R.R. (1991), ‘Why Do Firms Differ, and How Does It Matter’, Strategic Management Journal, 12: 61-74.
    • (1991) Strategic Management Journal , vol.12 , pp. 61-74
    • Nelson, R.R.1
  • 104
    • 0009993525 scopus 로고
    • A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation
    • Nonaka, I. (1994), ‘A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation’, Organization Science, 5(1): 14-37.
    • (1994) Organization Science , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-37
    • Nonaka, I.1
  • 108
    • 84890104425 scopus 로고
    • National Innovation Systems: Why They Are Important and How They Might Be Measured and Compared
    • Patel, P. and K. Pavitt (1994), ‘National Innovation Systems: Why They Are Important and How They Might Be Measured and Compared’, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 3: 77-95.
    • (1994) Economics of Innovation and New Technology , vol.3 , pp. 77-95
    • Patel, P.1    Pavitt, K.2
  • 109
    • 0036187076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovating Routines in the Business Firm: What Corporate Tasks Should they Be Accomplishing?
    • Pavitt, K. (2002), ‘Innovating Routines in the Business Firm: What Corporate Tasks Should they Be Accomplishing?', Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(1): 117-33.
    • (2002) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-133
    • Pavitt, K.1
  • 110
    • 0020831176 scopus 로고
    • Structural Change and the Assimilation of New Technologies in the Economic and Social System
    • Perez, C. (1983), ‘Structural Change and the Assimilation of New Technologies in the Economic and Social System’, Futures, 15(5): 357-75.
    • (1983) Futures , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 357-375
    • Perez, C.1
  • 111
    • 0022183670 scopus 로고
    • Microelectronics, Long Waves and World Structural Change: New Perspectives for Developing Countries
    • Perez, C. (1985), ‘Microelectronics, Long Waves and World Structural Change: New Perspectives for Developing Countries’, World Development, Special Issue on Microelectronics, 13(3): 441-63.
    • (1985) World Development, Special Issue on Microelectronics , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 441-463
    • Perez, C.1
  • 113
    • 84896154701 scopus 로고
    • Indigeneous Technological Capability in Sub-Saharan Africa
    • M. Huq, P. Bhatt, C. Lewis, and A. Shibli (eds), London: Frank Cass
    • Pickett, J. (1991), ‘Indigeneous Technological Capability in Sub-Saharan Africa’, in M. Huq, P. Bhatt, C. Lewis, and A. Shibli (eds), Science, Technology and Development: North-South Co-operation, London: Frank Cass, pp. 31-46.
    • (1991) Science, Technology and Development: North-South Co-operation , pp. 31-46
    • Pickett, J.1
  • 114
    • 0003106484 scopus 로고
    • The Core Competence of the Corporation
    • May-June
    • Prahalad, C. and G. Hamel (1990), ‘The Core Competence of the Corporation’, Harvard Business Review, May-June: 79-91.
    • (1990) Harvard Business Review , pp. 79-91
    • Prahalad, C.1    Hamel, G.2
  • 117
    • 84866422690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPC/A618/300/11/96, Government Printer, Accra: Assembly Press
    • Republic of Ghana (1996), National Communications Authority (NCA)-Act 524, GPC/A618/300/11/96, Government Printer, Accra: Assembly Press.
    • (1996) National Communications Authority (NCA)-Act 524
  • 118
    • 38549168844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capetown: Government Gazette
    • Republic of South Africa (1996), ‘No. 103 of 1996 Telecommunications Act’, Capetown: Government Gazette.
    • (1996) No. 103 of 1996 Telecommunications Act
  • 122
    • 22244449527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretoria: Ministry for Posts, Telecommunications and Broadcasting
    • Republic of South Africa, Ministry for Posts, Telecommunications and Broadcasting (1997), Partnership for the Future, Pretoria: Ministry for Posts, Telecommunications and Broadcasting.
    • (1997) Partnership for the Future
  • 125
    • 0001979296 scopus 로고
    • Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm
    • R.B. Lamb (ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
    • Rumelt, R.P. (1984), ‘Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm’ in R.B. Lamb (ed.) Competitive Strategic Management, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 556-70.
    • (1984) Competitive Strategic Management , pp. 556-570
    • Rumelt, R.P.1
  • 127
    • 0004126821 scopus 로고
    • (2nd edn), London and New York: Routledge
    • Sayer, A. (1992), Method in Social Science (2nd edn), London and New York: Routledge.
    • (1992) Method in Social Science
    • Sayer, A.1
  • 131
    • 0000236675 scopus 로고
    • Learning, Innovation and Economic Growth: A Long-Run Model of Industrial Dynamics
    • Sil Verberg, G. and B. Verspagen (1994), ‘Learning, Innovation and Economic Growth: A Long-Run Model of Industrial Dynamics’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(1): 199-223.
    • (1994) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 199-223
    • Sil Verberg, G.1    Verspagen, B.2
  • 132
    • 0004256841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: International Thomson Business Press
    • Starkey, K. (1996), How Organizations Learn, London: International Thomson Business Press.
    • (1996) How Organizations Learn
    • Starkey, K.1
  • 133
    • 11744323460 scopus 로고
    • Facilitating Indigenous Technical Change in Third World Countries
    • M. Fransman and K. King (eds), London: Macmillan
    • Stewart, F. (1984), ‘Facilitating Indigenous Technical Change in Third World Countries.', in M. Fransman and K. King (eds), Technological Capability in the Third World, London: Macmillan, pp. 81-94.
    • (1984) Technological Capability in the Third World , pp. 81-94
    • Stewart, F.1
  • 134
    • 85083242347 scopus 로고
    • Technology Transfer for Development
    • R. Evenson and G. Ranis (eds), Boulder, CO: Westview Press
    • Stewart, F. (1990), ‘Technology Transfer for Development’, in R. Evenson and G. Ranis (eds), Science and Technology: Lessons for Development Policy, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 301-24.
    • (1990) Science and Technology: Lessons for Development Policy , pp. 301-324
    • Stewart, F.1
  • 136
    • 84896207294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • various editions
    • Tanzania Telecommunications Co. Ltd (1997-1999) Connect Quarterly, various editions.
    • (1997) Connect Quarterly
  • 137
    • 0001803038 scopus 로고
    • Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy
    • D.J. Teece (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Ballinger
    • Teece, D.J. (1987), ‘Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy’, in D.J. Teece (ed.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, pp. 185-219.
    • (1987) The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal , pp. 185-219
    • Teece, D.J.1
  • 138
    • 77956982697 scopus 로고
    • The Dyanamic Capabilities of Firms: An Introduction
    • Teece, D.J. and G.P. Pisano (1994), ‘The Dyanamic Capabilities of Firms: An Introduction’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3: 537-56.
    • (1994) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.3 , pp. 537-556
    • Teece, D.J.1    Pisano, G.P.2
  • 139
    • 0003898981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management
    • G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Teece, D.J., G.P. Pisano and A. Shuen (2000), ‘Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management’, in G. Dosi, R.R. Nelson and S. Winter (eds), The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2000) The Nature and Dynamics of Organisational Capabilities
    • Teece, D.J.1    Pisano, G.P.2    Shuen, A.3
  • 140
    • 84896163128 scopus 로고
    • Epilogue: Institutions, Learning and Technological Change
    • R. Thomson, (ed.), Learning and Technological Change, London: Macmillan
    • Thomson, R. (1993), ‘Epilogue: Institutions, Learning and Technological Change’, in Technological learning R. Thomson, (ed.), Learning and Technological Change, London: Macmillan, pp., 267-79.
    • (1993) Technological learning , pp. 267-279
    • Thomson, R.1
  • 142
    • 0003340788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizing for Innovation
    • K. Starkey (ed.), London: International Thomson Business Press
    • Tushman, M. and D. Nadler (1996), ‘Organizing for Innovation’, in K. Starkey (ed.), How Organizations Learn, London: International Thomson Business Press, pp. 135-55.
    • (1996) How Organizations Learn , pp. 135-155
    • Tushman, M.1    Nadler, D.2
  • 147
    • 84896204305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • dated October, Dares Salaam
    • United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Communication and Transport (1997) National Telecommunication Policy (1997-2020), dated October, Dares Salaam.
    • (1997) National Telecommunication Policy (1997-2020)
  • 148
    • 33847262340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Purposing of High-Performing Systems
    • K. Starkey (ed.), London: International Thomson Business Press
    • Vaill, P. (1996), ‘The Purposing of High-Performing Systems’, in K. Starkey (ed.) How Organizations Learn, London: International Thomson Business Press, pp. 60-81.
    • (1996) How Organizations Learn , pp. 60-81
    • Vaill, P.1
  • 154
    • 0008279228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on-line edition, [last accessed 28/02/2004]
    • World Bank (1998a), ‘World Bank Annual Report 1998: Africa’ (on-line edition) http://www.worldbarik.org/html/extpb/annrep98/africa.htm [last accessed 28/02/2004].
    • (1998) World Bank Annual Report 1998: Africa
  • 155
    • 84896175532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on-line edition, last accessed 30/09/1999
    • World Bank (1998b), ‘World Bank Brief: Sub-Saharan Africa’ (on-line edition) http://www.worldbank.org/afr/regionalJ)rief.htm [last accessed 30/09/1999].
    • (1998) World Bank Brief: Sub-Saharan Africa


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.