Train up a child: Old order amish and mennonite schools

Train Up a Child: Old Order Amish and Mennonite Schools

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-289

  Johnson Weiner, Karen M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896216569     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (166)

1. A Plea to Men of Authority. 1937. A petition signed by 40 representatives, November 17, 1937, and republished in various works, including Esh (1965, 3-4), and Lapp (1991, 140-41).
2. Anonymous. 1996. The Beginning and Development of Parochial Special Schools:1975-1996. Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop.
3. Arons, S. 1972. Compulsory Education: The Plain People Resist. Saturday Review 55:52-57.
4. Articles of Agreement Regarding the Indiana Amish Parochial Schools and Department of Public Instruction. 1967. Indianapolis, IN: Department of Public Instruction.
5. Background of the Old Order Mennonite Parochial Schools of Pennsylvania 1969-1980. 1985. Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop.
6. Bandman, B. 2001. A Friendly Critique of a Child's Right to an Open Future. Philosophy of Education Yearbook. Retrieved June 22, 2005, from www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbook/2001/Bandman%2001.pdf.
7. Barker, B. O. 1986. The Advantages of Small Schools. ERIC Digest. No. ED265988.
8. Barker, R., and P. Gump. 1964. Big School, Small School. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
9. Beiler, A. E. 1961. Record of Principles Pertaining to the Old Order Amish Church Sect School Committee as of September 2, 1937. Reaffirmed and Approved through Counsel of the Committee August 9, 1961. Gap, PA.
10. Blackboard Bulletin. (A journal for Old Order teachers published by Pathway Publishing Company, Aylmer, Ont.)
11. Borkholder, O. E. 2001. Nappanee Amish Directory including the Rochester, Kokomo, and Milroy Communities 2001. Nappanee, IN: Owen E. Borkholder Family.
12. Borntrager, John M. 1989. The Challenge Before Us. In J. A. Hostetler, Amish Roots. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
13. Bourdieu, P., and J.-C. Passeron. 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage.
14. Brown, R. G. 1991. Schools of Thought: How the Politics of Literacy Shape Thinking in the Classroom. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
15. Buchanan, F. S. 1967. The Old Paths: A Study of the Amish Response to Public Schooling in Ohio. PhD diss., Ohio State University.
16. Byler, A. M. 2001. Amish Directory. Fredericktown Settlement. Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop.
17. Byler, U. R. 1963. Our Better Country. Gordonville, PA: Old Order Book Society.
18. -. 1969; 1980. School Bells Ringing: A Manual for Amish Teachers and Parents. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishing Corporation.
19. -. 1992. As I Remember It. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishing Corporation.
20. Chalkdust: Selections from Blackboard Bulletin (1978-1985). 1991. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishing Corporation.
21. The Challenge of the Child: Selections from "The Blackboard Bulletin" 1957-1966. 1967. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishing Corporation.
22. Cronk, S. 1977. Gelassenheit: The Rites of the Redemptive Process in Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite Communities. PhD diss., University of Chicago.
23. -. 1981. Gelassenheit: The Rites of the Redemptive Process in Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite Communities. Mennonite Quarterly Review 55:5-44.
24. Dauenhauer, N. M., and R. Dauenhauer. 1998. Technological, Emotional, and Ideological Issues in Reversing Language Shift: Examples from Southeast Alaska. In Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response, ed. L. A. Grenoble and L. J. Whaley, 57-98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Delisio, E. R. 2003. Responsive Classroom Practices Teach the Whole Child. Education World. Retrieved September 11, 2003, from www.educationworld. com/a-issues/schools/schools016.html.
26. Delval, N. 1986. The Amish Educational System Seen through the Blackboard Bulletin: Maintenance of a Minority Identity. Unpublished manuscript, Heritage Historical Library, Aylmer, Ontario.
27. Dewalt, M. W., and B. Troxell. 1988. Case Study of an Old Order Mennonite One-Room School. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, D. C., April 9.
28. Ediger, M. 1998. Teaching Science in the Old Order Amish School. Journal of Instructional Psychology 25(1):62-66.
29. Enninger, W. 1987. On the Organization of Sign-Processes in an Old Order Amish (OOA) Parochial School. Research on Language and Social Interaction 21:143-70.
30. -. 1991. Linguistic Markers of Anabaptist Ethnicity Through Four Centuries. In Language and Ethnicity: Focusschrift in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman, ed. J. R. Dow, 23-60. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
31. -. 1999. Continuity and Innovation in the Bilingual Education Among the Amish. In The Construction of Knowledge, Learner Autonomy and Related Issues in Foreign Language Learning: Essays in Honour of Dieter Wolff, ed. B. Missler and U. Multhaup, 213-24. Sonderdruck: Stauffenburg Verlag.
32. Erickson, D. A. 1969. Freedom's Two Educational Imperatives: A Proposal. In Public Controls for Nonpublic Schools, ed. D. A. Erickson, 159-75. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33. Esh, J. F. 1965. The Amish Moving to Maryland, 1940. Gordonville, PA: A. S. Kinsinger.
34. Ferster, H. 1983. The Development of the Amish School System. Pennsylvania Mennonite Heritage 6:7-14.
35. Fisher, S. E., and R. K. Stahl. 1997. The Amish School, rev. ed. Intercourse, PA: Good Books.
36. Fisher, W. L. 1996. The Amish in Court. New York: Vantage Press.
37. Fishman, J. A. 1966. Language Loyalty in the United States: The Maintenance and Perpetuation of Non-English Mother-Tongues by American Ethnic and Religious Groups. The Hague: Mouton.
38. -. 1976. Bilingual Education: An International Sociological Perspective. Rowley, MA: Newbury.
39. Fletcher, S. W. 1950. The Rural School, 1640-1840. Rpt. in C. Lapp, Pennsylvania School History, 1690-1990, 59-75. Gordonville, PA: Christ S. Lapp, 1991.
40. From the Staff. 1992. Blackboard Bulletin, December, 14-15.
41. Garrett, O. 1996. The Guidebook to Amish Communities & Business Directory. Kalona, IA: Hitching Post Enterprises, Inc.
42. Giles, H., and N. Coupland. 1991. Language: Contexts and Consequences. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
43. Gilmore, P., and A. A. Glatthorn, eds. 1982. Children In and Out of School: Ethnography and Education. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
44. Giroux, H. 1983. Ideology and Agency in the Process of Schooling. Journal of Education 65(1):12-34.
45. -. Introduction. In Restructuring for Integrative Education: Multiple Perspectives, Multiple Contexts, ed. T. E. Jennings, vii-x. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.
46. Giroux, H., and P. McLaren, eds. 1994. Between Borders: Pedagogy and the Politics of Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge.
47. Goals and Guidelines for Amish Parochial Schools. n. d. Geauga County, Ohio.
48. Goodenough, W. 1961. Education and Identity. In Anthropology and Education, ed. F. C. Gruber, 84-102. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
49. Grenoble, L. A., and L. J. Whaley, eds. 1998. Endangered Languages. Language Loss and Community Response. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Gross, H. H., R. E. Gabler, and A. McIntire. 1962. Exploring Regions Near and Far. Chicago: Follett.
51. Guthrie, J. 1979. Organizational Scale and School Success. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 1(1):17-27.
52. Gutmann, A. 1999. Democratic Education, rev. ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
53. Harroff, S. B. 1998. Value-Oriented Teaching in a Contemporary Indiana Amish Parochial School: Preparations for Adult Life through Faith, Responsible Behavior, and Community Interaction. International Journal of Educational Reform 7(3):243-54.
54. -. 2004. The Amish Schools of Indiana: Faith in Education. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.
55. Heath, S. B. 1983. Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press.
56. Hershberger, E. N. 1958. Why Do We Have Our Own Schools? Rpt. in The Challenge of the Child: Selections from "The Blackboard Bulletin" 1957-1966, 67-69. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishing Corporation.
57. Hershberger, H. J. n. d. Minimum Standards for the Amish Parochial or Private Elementary Schools of the State of Ohio as a Form of Regulations. Compiled and Approved by Bishops, Committeemen and Others in Conference (Ohio Minimum Standards). Apple Creek, Ohio. Rpt. Gordonville Print Shop, 2003.
58. Hoover, A. B. n. d. A Return to Parochial Schools. Unpublished manuscript.
59. Hornberger, N. 1988. Bilingual Education and Language Maintenance. Providence, RI: Foris.
60. Horst, I. R. 2000. A Separate People: An Insider's View of Old Order Mennonite Customs and Traditions. Waterloo, Ont.: Herald Press.
61. Hostetler, J. A. 1956. The Amish and the Public School. Christian Living, September, 4-6, 41-43.
62. -. 1962. The Amish in American Culture, ed. D. M. Kent and W. A. Hunter. Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Historical and Museum Commission. Pamphlet.
63. -. 1963. The Amish Use of Symbols and Their Function in Bounding the Community. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 94, pt. 1, 11-12.
64. -. 1969. Educational Achievement and Lifestyles in a Traditional Society, the Old Order Amish. Philadelphia: Temple University for the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Project 6-1921, Contract OE 1-6-061912-1621.
65. -, ed. 1969. Conference on Child Socialization. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
66. -. 1970. Old Order Amish Child Rearing and Schooling Practices: A Summary Report. Mennonite Quarterly Review, April, 181-91.
67. -. 1975. The Cultural Context of the Wisconsin Case. In Compulsory Education and the Amish: The Right Not to Be Modern, ed. A. N. Keim, 99-113. Boston: Beacon Press.
68. -. 1989. Amish Roots. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
69. -. 1993. Amish Society, 4th ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
70. Hostetler, J. A., and G. E. Huntington. 1976. The Amish Elementary School Teacher and Students. In Schooling in the Cultural Context, ed. J. I. Roberts and S. K. Akinsanya, 194-205. New York: David McKay.
71. -. 1992. Amish Children. Education in the Family, School, and Community, 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
72. Hostetler, J. A., and C. Redekop. 1962. Education and Assimilation in Three Ethnic Groups. Alberta Journal of Educational Research 8(4):189-203.
73. Howe, K. R. 1997. Understanding Equal Educational Opportunity: Social Justice, Democracy, and Schooling. New York: Teachers College Press.
74. Howley, C. 1989. What Is the Effect of Small-Scale Schooling on Student Achievement? ERIC Digest, ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools, Report No. EDO-RC-89-6.
75. Huntington, G. E. 1993. The Contemporary Relevance of the Amish Family, Education, and Health. Paper presented at the Conference on Three Hundred Years of Persistence and Change; Amish Society 1693-1993. Young Center, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania.
76. -. 1994. Persistence and Change in Amish Education. In The Amish Struggle With Modernity, ed. D. B. Kraybill and M. A. Olshan, 77-96. Hanover: University Press of New England.
77. -. Amish in Michigan. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
78. Jackson, N. N. 1969. Perverse Amish. MA thesis, Washington University. (Heritage Historical Library, Aylmer, Ont.).
79. Jakobsh, F. 1993. German in Old Order Mennonite Schools. Journal of Mennonite Studies 11:162-73.
80. Johnson-Weiner, K. M. 1993. Community Expectations and Second Language Acquisition: English as a Second Language in a Swartzentruber Amish School. Yearbook of German-American Studies 28:107-17.
81. -. 1997. Reinforcing a Separate Amish Identity: English Instruction and the Preservation of Culture in Old Order Amish Schools. In Languages and Lives: Essays in Honor of Werner Enninger, ed. J. R. Dow and M. Wolff, 67-78. New York: Peter Lang.
82. -. 1998. Community Identity and Language Change in North American Anabaptist Communities. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2/3:375-94.
83. -. 2001a. Katie. In Living North Country: Essays on Life and Landscapes in Northern New York, ed. N. Singer and N. Burdick, 207-20. Utica, NY: North Country Books, Inc.
84. -. 2001b. The Role of Women in Old Order Amish, Beachy Amish, and Fellowship Churches. Mennonite Quarterly Review 75(2):231-56.
85. Kachel, D. 1989. What Can We Learn from Amish Education? Education Digest 55(3):61-63.
86. Kaplan, R., and R. Baldauf Jr. 1997. Language Planning from Practice to Theory. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
87. Kauffman, G. 2002. Heartland Amish Business Directory 2002-2003. Goshen, IN: Diamond Design.
88. Kauffman, J. E. 1959. Why We Have Our Own Private Schools. Rpt. In The Challenge of the Child: Selections from "The Blackboard Bulletin" 1957-1966, 69-71. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishing Corporation.
89. Keesing, R. M. 1992. Custom and Confrontation: The Kwaio Struggle for Cultural Autonomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
90. Keim, A. N. 1975. Compulsory Education and the Amish: The Right Not to Be Modern. Boston: Beacon Press.
91. Kinsinger, A. S. 1997. A Little History of Our Parochial Schools and Steering Committee from 1956-1994. Compiled by S. A. Kinsinger. Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop.
92. Kinsinger, S. A. 1988. Family and History of Lydia Beachy's Descendants 1889-1989. Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop.
93. Klimuska, E. n. d. (c. 1989). Amish One-Room Schools: Lessons for the Plain Life. Pictures by M. Heisey. Lancaster, PA: Lancaster Newspapers, Inc.
94. -. 1995. County's 174 Plain-Sect Schools Open. Lancaster New Era, 28 August, C-16.
95. -. 1997. Amish Pupils Getting Back to the Six R's. Lancaster New Era, 26 August, B-1.
96. -. 1998. Lancaster County. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press, Inc.
97. Koehl, R. 1977. The Comparative Study of Education: Prescription and Practice. Comparative Education Review, June/October, 177-94.
98. Kollmorgen, W. M. 1942. Culture of a Contemporary Community: The Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Rural Life Studies, no. 4. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Agriculture.
99. Koret Task Force on K-12 Education. 2003. Findings and Recommendations. In Our Schools and Our Future... Are We Still at Risk? ed. P. E. Peterson, 3-22. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.
100. Kraybill, D. B. 1993. The Amish and the State. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
101. -. 1994. Plotting Social Change Across Four Affiliations. In The Amish Struggle with Modernity, ed. D. B. Kraybill and M. A. Olshan, 53-74. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
102. -. The Riddle of Amish Culture, 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
103. Kraybill, D. B., and C. F. Bowman. 2001. On the Backroad to Heaven. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
104. Kraybill, D. B., and M. Olshan. 1994. The Amish Struggle with Modernity. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
105. Kraybill, D. B., and S. M. Nolt. 1995. Amish Enterprise: From Plows to Profits. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
106. Kreps, G. M., J. F. Donnermeyer, and M. W. Kreps. 1997. A Quiet Moment in Time: A Contemporary View of Amish Society. Sugarcreek, OH: Author.
107. Kulick, D. 1992. Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinean Village. New York: Cambridge University Press.
108. Lapp, C. 1991. Pennsylvania School History 1690-1990. Gordonville, PA: Christ S. Lapp.
109. Lee, V. E., and J. B. Smith. 1995. Effects of High School Restructuring and Size on Early Gains in Achievement and Engagement. Sociology of Education 68(4):241-70.
110. Loyd, Linda. 1975. Amish Building One-Room Schools as Bastions against Worldly Ways. Philadelphia Inquirer, 8 December, 1-B, 3-B.
111. Luthy, D. 1986. The Amish in America: Settlements That Failed, 1840-1960. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishers.
112. -. 1993. A Turnpike Traveler in 1854 Views an Amish School. Family Life, March, 17-19.
113. -. 1998. The Origin and Growth of the Swartzentruber Amish. Family Life, August/September, 19-22.
114. McIntire, A., and W. Hill. 1962. Working Together, 2nd ed. Chicago: Follett.
115. Meier, D. 1995. The Power of Their Ideas: Lessons for America from a Small School in Harlem. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
116. Mennonite Confession of Faith. 1966. Crockett, KY: Rod and Staff Publishers, Inc.
117. Meyers, T. 1993. Education and Schooling. In The Amish and the State, ed. D. B. Kraybill, 87-106. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
118. Miller, D. 2002. Michigan Amish Directory 2002. Millersburg, OH: Abana Books.
119. Miller, J. E. 1995. Indiana Amish Directory: Elkhart, LaGrange, and Noble Counties, 1995. Middlebury, IN: J. E. Miller.
120. Miller, L. 1992. Our People: The Amish and Mennonites of Ohio. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press.
121. Miller, M. 2000. Our Heritage, Hope, and Faith. Shipshewana, IN: Mary E. Miller.
122. Miller, W. 1969. A Study of Amish Academic Achievement. PhD diss., University of Michigan.
123. Mulhausler, P. 1994. Language Teaching = Linguistic Imperialism? Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 17(2):121-30.
124. -. 1995. Linguistic Ecology: Language Change and Linguistic Imperialism in the Pacific Region. London: Routledge.
125. Newcomb, T. L. 1986. A Study of Amish and Conservative Mennonite Schooling in Ohio (1982-1985). In Internal and External Perspectives on Amish and Mennonite Life 2, ed. W. Enninger, J. Raith, and K.-H. Wandt, 54-72. Essen, Germany: Unipress.
126. Northeast Foundation for Children. 2004. Responsive Classroom: Principles and Practices. Retrieved October 8, 2004, from www.responsiveclassroom.org/ about/principles.html.
127. Ochs, E., and B. B. Schieffelin. 2001. Language Acquisition and Socialization: Three Developmental Stories and Their Implications. In Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader, ed. A. Duranti, 263-301. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
128. Ohio Legislative Service Commission. 1969. Sectarian Amish Education. Columbus, OH: Res. Rpt. No. 44.
129. Olshan, M. A. 1994. Amish Cottage Industries as Trojan Horse. In The Amish Struggle with Modernity, ed. D. B. Kraybill and M. A. Olshan, 133-46. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
130. Pederson, J. M. 2002. "She May Be Amish Now, but She Won't Be Amish Long": Anabaptist Women and Antimodernism. In Strangers at Home: Amish and Mennonite Women in History, ed. K. D. Schmidt, D. Zimmerman Umble, and S. D. Reschly, 339-63. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
131. Pelto, P. J., and G. H. Pelto. 1973. Ethnography: The Fieldwork Enterprise. In Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology, ed. J. J. Honigmann. Chicago: Rand McNally.
132. Peters, S. F. 2003. The Yoder Case: Religious Freedom, Education, and Parental Rights. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
133. Pittman, R. B., and P. Haughwout. 1987. Influence of High School Size on Dropout Rate. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 9(4):337-43.
134. Postman, N. 1995. The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
135. Raywid, M. A. 1999. Current Literature on Small Schools. ERIC Digest. No. ED425049.
136. Redekop, C. 1989. Mennonite Society. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
137. Regulations and Guidelines for Amish Parochial Schools of Indiana [Indiana Regulations]. 2002. Middlebury, Indiana.
138. Reich, R. 2002. Bridging Liberalism and Multiculturalism in American Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
139. Rhodes, R. 2002. No Longer Living Off the Land. Mennonite Weekly Review, 21 October, 1, 7.
140. Riddle, W. 1910. Cherished Memories of Old Lancaster-Town and Shire. Lancaster, PA: Intelligencer Printing House.
141. Rochester, J. M. 2002. Class Warfare: Besieged Schools, Bewildered Parents, Betrayed Kids, and the Attack on Excellence. San Francisco, CA: Encounter Books.
142. Roellke, C. 1996. Curriculum Adequacy and Quality in High Schools Enrolling Fewer than 400 Students. ERIC Digest. Report No. EDO-RC-96-7.
143. Rogers, S. C. 1978. Women's Place: A Critical Review of Anthropological Theory. Comparative Studies in Society and History 20(1):123-62.
144. Sahlins, M. 1981. Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
145. -. 1985. Islands of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
146. Savells, J. 1990. Social Change among the Amish in Eight Communities. Pennsylvania Mennonite Heritage 3:12-16.
147. Schoolaid: Its Purpose, Origin, and Organizational Structure. n. d. Pamphlet.
148. Schoolteachers' Signposts. 1985. East Earl, PA: Schoolaid.
149. Scott, J. C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
150. Shirk, E. M. 1939. Report of Committee of Plain People Making Pleas for Leniency from Depressive School Laws. Ephrata, PA.
151. Simons, M. 1983. The Complete Works of Menno Simons. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishers.
152. Snauwaert, D. T. 2001. Wisconsin v. Yoder and the Relationship between Individual and Group Rights. Philosophy of Education Yearbook. Retrieved June 22, 2005, from www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbookj/2001/snauweart%2001.pdf.
153. Standards of the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite Parochial and Vocational Schools of Penna. [Pennsylvania Standards]. 1969 (rev. 1973 and 1988). Rpt. 2003. Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop.
154. Stockard, J., and M. Mayberry. 1992. Effective Educational Environments. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin. ERIC Document No. ED350674.
155. Stoll, J. 1969. German and English. The Blackboard Bulletin (May), 207-9.
156. -. 1975. Who Shall Educate Our Children? In Compulsory Education and the Amish: The Right Not to Be Modern, ed. A. N. Keim, 16-42. Boston: Beacon Press.
157. Testa, R. 1992. After the Fire: The Destruction of the Lancaster County Amish. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
158. Tips for Teachers: A Handbook for Amish Teachers. 1970; rev. ed. 1991. Aylmer, Ont.: Pathway Publishers.
159. Toews, P. 1996. Mennonites in American Society, 1930-1970. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press.
160. Walbert, D. 2002. Garden Spot: Lancaster County, the Old Order Amish, and the Selling of Rural America. New York: Oxford University Press.
161. Wenger, E. D., and G. G. Sauder. 1968. The Weaverland Mennonites. North Holland, PA: Lewis B. Groff.
162. Wengerd, M., ed. 2000. Ohio Amish Directory. Holmes, Tuscarawas, and Wayne Counties, 2000 Millennium Edition. Walnut Creek, OH: Carlisle Press.
163. Wittmer, J. 1970. Homogeneity of Personality Characteristics: A Comparison between Old Order Amish and Non-Amish. American Anthropologist 72:1063-68.
164. Yoder, E. S. 1990. I Saw It in The Budget. Hartville, OH: Diakonia Ministries.
165. Yoder, P. 1993. The Amish View of the State. In The Amish and the State, ed. D. B. Kraybill, 23-40. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
166. Yousey, A. 1987. Strangers and Pilgrims: History of the Lewis County Mennonites. Croghan, NY: Author.