Let shepherding endure: Applied anthropology and the preservation of a cultural tradition in Israel and the middle east

Let Shepherding Endure: Applied Anthropology and the Preservation of a Cultural Tradition in Israel and the Middle East

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-213

  Kressel, Gideon M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896173301     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (196)

1. Abdulrahman, S. 1979. "The Transformation from a Tribal Society to a Nation State." Ph. D. diss., Columbia: University of Missouri.
2. Abramovitch, Z. and Y. Gelfat, 1944. The Arab Economy in Eretz Israel and in the Middle East. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz HaMe'uhad. (Hebrew.)
3. Abou Zeid, Ahmed M. 1968 "The Changing World of the Nomads." In J. G. Peristiany (ed.)
4. Abu Jaber, K. and F. Gharaibeh. 1981. "Bedouin Settlement: Organizational, and Administrative Structures in Jordan. " The Future of Pastoral Peoples. Ottowa: International Development Research Center.
5. Abu-Rabia, 'Aref. 1999. Traditional Bedouin Medicine. Tel-Aviv: The Ministry of Defence.
6. -. 1991. The Negev Bedouin and Livestock Rearing: Social, Economic and Political Aspects. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
7. Abu Rabi'a, Kh. 1982. "Uses of Land among the Bedouin. " Notes on the Bedouin, 13: 3-8.
8. Al-Qrinåwi, Aliyan. 1999. "Attitudes Regarding Polygyny in the Negev: Modern Youth as Compared to Their Parents." Notes on the Bedouin 31: 16-35. (Hebrew.)
9. Al 'Aref, 'A. 1934. The History of Beersheba and Its Tribes. Jerusalem Matba'at Bayt al-Maqdis. (Arabic.)
10. Altori, Soraya and Donald P. Cole 1989. Arabian Oasis City: The Transformation of =Unayzah. Austin: University of Texas Press.
11. 'Arråf, Shuqri. 1982. Al-Ard, Al-Insån wa-Al-Jahd. Earth, Man and Holy War. (Arabic.)
12. 'Atif, M. Kishk. 1994. "Opening Remarks." In 'Atif, M. Kishk (ed.) Land Reclamation and Development in Egypt. Minia: Minia University Press.
13. Atzmon Eli. 1999. "The Society of the Negev Bedouin, 1999." Basic Data and Recommendations as to Further Development." Unpublished report. Be'er-Sheva. (Hebrew.)
14. Avni, Gideon. 1996. Nomads, Farmers and Town-Dwellers: Pastoralist-Sedentarist Interactions in the Negev Highlands, Sixth-Eighth Centuries c.e. Jerusalem, The Israel Antiquities Authority.
15. Avinoam, Meir. 1997. As Nomadism Ends. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
16. Awad, Mohamed. 1959. "The Assimilation of Nomads in Egypt." The Geographical Review, vol. XLIV.
17. Baer, Gabriel. 1962. Fellah and Townsman in the Middle East: Studies in Social History. London: Frank Cass.
18. -. 1964. A History of Land Ownership in Modern Egypt 1800-1950. London: Oxford University Press.
19. -. 1966. "The Evolution of Private Land Ownership in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent." In Issawi C. (ed.) pp. 79-90.
20. -. 1969. Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
21. -. 1972. Introduction to the History of Agrarian Relations in the Middle East 1800-1970. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hame'uhad. (Hebrew.)
22. Bailey, C. 1980. "The Negev in the Nineteenth Century: Reconstructing History from Bedouin Oral Traditions, " Asian and African Studies, 14: 35-80.
23. -. 1985. "Dating the Arrival of the Bedouin Tribes in Sinai and the Negev. " Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 27: 20-49.
24. Bar-Yosef, Ofer and Anatoly Khazanov (eds.). 1992. Pastoralism in the Levant. Archaeological Materials in Anthropological Perspectives. Madison, WI: Prehistory Press.
25. Barth, Fredrik. 1959. "Segmentary Opposition and the Theory of Games." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 89: 5-22.
26. -. 1961. Nomads of South Persia; The Basseri Tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
27. Bates, D. and A. Rassam. 1983. People and Cultures of the Middle East. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
28. Ben-Aryeh, I. and Sapir, S. 1979. "The Beginnings of Beersheba at the End of the Ottoman Period." In Gradus, Y. and A. Stern (eds.) Beersheba Volume. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing, pp. 55-68. (Hebrew.)
29. Ben-David, Joseph. 1983. "Stages in the Development of the Spontaneous Bedouin Settlement in the Negev, in the Transition from Semi-nomadism to Sedentarization, " Ph. D. Thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem. (Hebrew.)
30. -. 1996. Contention in the Negev: Bedouin, Jews, Lands. Raanana: The Bedouin Society Research Center. (Hebrew.)
31. -. 1998. "Changes in the Position of the Bedouin Woman in Israel." Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. Unpublished report. (Hebrew.)
32. Ben-Zvi, Y. 1960. Journeys on the Paths of Israel and its Neighbors-Routes and Diaries. Jerusalem: Publications Institute.
33. Bocco, R. 1989. "Espaces Étatiques et Espaces Tribaux dans le Sud Jordanien: Legislation Foncière et Redifinition de Liens Sociaux." Maghreb-Machrek 123: 144-163.
34. -. 1990. "La sèdentarisation des pastoral Nomades: Les Experts Internationaux face à la Question Bedouine dans le Moyen Orient Arabe (1950-1970). Cahiers des Sciences Humaines 26: 97-117.
35. Bocco, Riccardo, R. Jaubert and F. Métral (eds.). 1993. Steppes d'Arabies: Etats, Pasteurs, Agriculteurs et Commerçants; le devenir des zones sèches. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France et Genève.
36. Bonné, A. 1948. State and Economics in the Middle East; A Society in Transition. London, Kegan Paul.
37. Bowman, Alan K. 1971. The Town Councils of Roman Egypt. Toronto: American Society of Papyrologists.
38. Braslavski, J. 1947. Know the Land of the Negev. Tel Aviv.
39. Bruins, Hendrik J. 1986. "Desert Environment and Agriculture in the Central Negev and Kadesh-Barnea during Historical Times." Ph. D. thesis. Nijkerk, The Netherlands, Nidnar Foundation.
40. Bruins, Hendrik J. and Harvey Lithwick (eds). 1998. The Arid Frontier: Interactive Management of Environment and Development. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
41. Buber, Martin Moses. 1946. The Revelation and the Covenant. New York: Harper Torchbooks, The Temple Library.
42. Canaan, T. 1928. "Die 'Azazime-Bedouinen und ihr Gebiet." Zeitchrift des Deutschen Palestina-Vereins, 51: 89-118.
43. Chatty, Dawn. 1987. "The Harasiis: Pastoralism in a Petroleum Exploited Environment." Nomadic Peoples 24: 14-22.
44. Chatty, Dawn. 1996. Mobile Pastoralists: Development Planning and Social Change in Oman. New York: Columbia University Press.
45. Claude, Dietrich. 1969. Die Byzantinische Stadt im sechsten Jahrhundert. Mü nchen: Publisher
46. Cohen, Amnon. 1973. Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University.
47. Cohen, Amnon and Gavriel Baer (eds.) 1984. Egypt and Palestine: A Millennium of Association (868-1948). New York: St. Martin's Press.
48. Cole, Donald P. 1981. "Bedouin and Social Change in Saudi Arabia." In Galaty, J. G. and P. C. Salzman (eds.), pp. 129-149.
49. Cole, Donald P. and S. Altorki 1993. "Commerce et Production dans le Nord de l'Arabie Centrale: Changement et Développement à 'Unayzah." In Bocco et al., pp. 247-268.
50. Cole, Donald P. and Soraya Altorki 1998. Bedouin Settlers and Holyday-makers. Cairo, Egypt, American University in Cairo Press.
51. Crewe, E. and E. Harrison. 1998. Whose Development: An Ethnography of Aid. London: Zed Books.
52. Crone, Patricia and Michael Cook. 1977. Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World. Cambridge University Press.
53. Draz, O. 1977. Role of Range Management and Fodder Production. Beirut: UNDP Regional Office for Western Asia.
54. Droppelmann, K. J. and P. R. Berliner. 2000. "Biometric Relationships and Growth of Pruned and Non-Pruned Acadia Saligna under Runoff Irrigation in North Kenya." Forest Ecology and Management 126: 249-359.
55. Droppelmann, K. J., J. E. Ephrath, and P. R. Berliner. 2000. "Tree/Crop Complementarity in an Arid Zone Runoff Agroforestry System in Northern Kenya." Agroforestry Systems 50: 1-16.
56. Dyson-Hudson, N. 1991. "Pastoral Product Systems and Livestock Development Projects: A East-African Perspective." In M. Cerea (ed.), Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Rural Development, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Eickelman, D. F. 1998. The Middle East and Central Asia: An Anthropological Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
58. Eph'al, Israel, 1982. The Ancient Arabs: Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent 9th-5th Centuries B. C. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, The Hebrew University.
59. Escobar, A. 1988. "Power and Visibility: Development and the Intervention and Management of the Third World." Cultural Anthropology 3: 428-443.
60. -. 1991. "Anthropology and the Development Encounter: The Making and Marketing of Development Anthropology." American Ethnologist 18: 658-681.
61. -. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
62. Evenari, Michael. 1987. The Awakening Desert: The Autobiography of an Israeli Scientist. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press.
63. Evenari, Michael, Leslie Shanan, and Naphtali Tadmor. 1971. The Negev: The Challenge of a Desert. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
64. Fabietti, Ugo. 1993. "Politiques étatique économie et adaptations bedouines: L'Arabie du Nord." In Bocco et al., pp. 135-146.
65. Fernandez, J. W. 1990. "The Call to the Commons; Decline and Recommitment in Asturias, Spain. " In McCay, Bonnie and James M. Acheson (eds.). 1990. The Question of the Commons; The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. Tucson; the University of Arizona Press, pp. 226-289.
66. Fernea, R. 1970. Sheikh and Effendi: Changing Patterns of Authority among the El Shabana of Southern Iraq. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
67. Finkelstein, I. and A. Perevolotsky. 1990. "Process of Sedentarization and Nomadization in the History of Sinai and the Negev. " Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 279: 67-80.
68. Firincioglu, Hüseyin Kansur. 2000. "Range and Management in Turkey." In Sabet, Joseph (arranger). 2000. First Regional Seminar on Rangeland Strategy Proceedings. Amman. ICARDA, pp. 1-12
69. Foucault, Michel. 1970. The Order of Things. New York: Pantheon Books.
70. -. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books.
71. Gardner, K. and David Lewis. 1996. Anthropology, Development and the Postmodern Challenge. London: Pluto Press.
72. Ginguld, Michael. 1994. Managing Herbs and Households; Management Practices and Livelihood Strategies of Sheep-Owning Bedouin Households in the Negev Region of Israel. An MA thesis presented to the Institute of Social Studies. The Hague. The Netherlands.
73. Goldstein, Yaakov, 1993. The Shepherds' Fraternity. Tel-Aviv, The Ministry of Defense.
74. Greenberg, Y., 1986. The Concept of Hevrat Ha'Ovdim: From David Ben-Gurion to Pinhas Lavon. Tel Aviv: Am Oved. (Hebrew.)
75. Hardin, Garret. 1968. "The Tragedy of the Commons." Science 162: 1243-1248.
76. Hardin, Garret, and J. Baden (eds.). Managing the Commons. San Francisco: Freeman.
77. Hare, A. Paul and Gideon M. Kressel. 2000. Israel as Centersstage: A Setting for Social and Religious Enactments. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
78. Hitti, Phillip K., 1961. The Near East in History; A 5000 Years Story. Princeton: D. Van Nostrand.
79. Hoexter, M., S. N. Eisenstadt, N. Levtzion. 2002. The Public Sphere in Muslim Societies. Albany: State University of New York Press.
80. Hourani, A. H. 1970. "The Islamic City in Light of Recent Research, " in Hourani, A. H. and Stern, S. M. (eds.), The Islamic City: A Colloquium. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 9-24.
81. Hurewitz, J. C. 1984, "Egypt's Eastern Boundary: The Diplomatic Background of the 1906 Demarcation. " In Cohen, A. and G. Baer (eds.), pp. 269-283.
82. Hüsken, Thomas and Olin Roenfrage. 1998. Jenseits von Traditionalismus und Stagnation; Analyse einer beduinischen Ökonomie der Westlichen Wüste Ägyptens. Münster: Spektrum.
83. Hütteroth, Wolf D. 1985. "Ottoman Administration of the Desert Frontiers in the Sixteenth Century." Asian and African Studies, 19: 145-155.
84. Ibn Khaldun. 1958 [1383]. The Muqaddima. An Introduction to History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
85. Issar, Arie. 1990. Water Shall Flow from the Rock: Hydrology and Climate in the Lands of the Bible. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.
86. Issawi, C. (ed.). 1966. The Economic History of the Middle East. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
87. Jaussen, A. 1948. Coutumes des Arabes au Pays de Moab. Paris: Librairie D'Amèrique et D'Orient Adrien-Maisonneuve.
88. Jewish Agency for Palestine. 1936. The Area of Cultivable Land in Palestine. Jerusalem: Jewish Agency.
89. Jaubert, Ronald. 1993. "Evolution des Système Agro-Pastoraux et Politiques de Développement des Régions Sèches de Syrie." In Bocco et al., pp. 161-177.
90. Jones, A. H. M. 1964. The Later Roman Empire (284-602). Oxford: Blackwell.
91. Kazemi, F. 1980. "Urban Migrants and the Revolution" Iranian Studies 13(1-4):257-277.
92. Kedar, Benjamin Z. 1985. "The Arab Conquests and Agriculture: A Seventh-Century Apocalypse, Satellite Imagery, and Polynology." Asian and African Studies, 19: 1-16.
93. Keller, Werner. 1956. The Bible as History: A Confirmation of the Book of the Books. New York: William Morrow.
94. Khalaf, Sulyman. 1993. "Cheikhs, Paysans et Membres du Parti Ba'th; Changements Politiques en Syrie du Nord." In Bocco et al., pp. 178-194.
95. Khamaisi, R. 1991. "Master Plan for the Bedouin Population in the Southern Negev Region. " Report. Beersheba: The Association for Aid and Protection of Bedouin Rights in Israel. (Hebrew.)
96. Kishk, Mohammed A. 1994. "Opening Remarks" in Mohammed Atif Kishk (ed.) Land Reclamation and Development in Egypt. Minia, Minia University Press, pp. 3-7.
97. Kressel, Gideon M. 1975. Individuality vs. Tribality, Dynamics of a Bedouin Community Undergoing Urbanization. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hame'uhad.
98. -. 1985. "Villages for Shepherds: Settling Nomad Pastoralists; Bedouin Adaptation of Techniques for Amelioration of Pastureland in the Negev Highlands." Proposal for an applied anthropological study.
99. -. 1990. "Is the Mission Possible? Essay in Memory of Yaacov Golan. " Sde Boqer: The Blaustein Institute for Desert Research. Unpublished paper. (Hebrew.)
100. -. 1992. Descent Through Males. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz.
101. -. 1993. Haqq akhu manshad: Major and minor wrongs and specialized judges among the Negev Bedouin. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 25: 17-31.
102. -. 1994. "Whoever Remains in Agriculture is a Sucker: The Performance Possible at a Family Farming Unit on a Moshav Does Not Encourage Achievement-orientation. " Megamoth 35: 386-406. (Hebrew.)
103. -. 1995. "Fonction structurelle latente de la reproduction chez les bédouins urbanisés d'Israël." In Centre National de Recherches Sociales (ed.) Les Amis et les Autres: Mélanges en l'honneur de John Peristiany. Athens: Centre National de Recherches Social (E. K. K. E.), pp. 185-206.
104. -. 1998. "The Desert's Burden. " Middle East Quarterly 5(1):49-57.
105. -. 2000. "Let Palestine Return to Khaybar." In Hare, P. A. and G. M. Kressel (eds.) Israel as Center Stage, pp. 165-187.
106. Kressel, Gideon M. and Joseph Ben-David. 1995. "The Bedouin Market-The Axis Around Which Beersheba Developed." Cathedra 77: 39-65. (Hebrew.)
107. Kressel, Gideon M., Joseph Ben-David and Khalil Abu-Rabia. 1991. "Changes in Land Ownership of the Negev Bedouin in the Past Century: The Inner Tribal Aspect." Hamizrah Hehadash 33: 39-69. (Hebrew.)
108. -. 1991. "Changes in Land Usage by the Negev Bedouin Since the Midnineteenth Century." Nomadic Peoples 28: 28-56.
109. Lancaster, William. 1981. The Rwala Bedouin Today. London: Cambridge University Press.
110. Lancaster, William, and Fidelity Lancaster. 1991. "Sécheresse et stratégies de reconversion économique chez les bédouins de Jordanie." In Bocco et al., pp. 223-246.
111. -. 1999. People, Land and Water in the Arab Middle East: Environment and Landscapes in the Bilad ash-Sham. Amsterdam: Harvard Academic Publishers.
112. Lattimore, Owen. 1951. Inner Asian Frontiers of China. New York: Capitol Publishing Co., American Geographical Society.
113. Layish, A., and A. Shmueli. 1976. Legal Documents of the Bedouin of the Judean Desert and the Negev. Jerusalem: Document Collection of the Hebrew University. (Arabic.)
114. Layish, A. 1980-1982. "Challenges to Customary Law and Arbitration; The Impact of Islamic Law upon Settled Bedouin in the Judean Desert, " Tel Aviv University Studies in Law, 5.
115. Lemel, Harry. 1986. "Socio-Organizational issues in Applying Run-Off Irrigation to Pastoralists with a Focus on the Negev Bedouin; A Comparative Study of Development Projects in Process in Other Middle Eastern Countries." Report. Sde Boqer: The J. Blaustein Institute for Desert Research.
116. Levontin, Z. D. 1924. To the Land of Our Fathers. Tel Aviv: Eitan and Shoshani. (Hebrew.)
117. Lewando-Hundt, Gillian. 1984. "The Exercise of Power by Bedouin Women in the Negev. " In E. Marx, and A. Shmueli (eds.), The Changing Bedouin. London: Transaction Books, pp. 83-123.
118. Lewis, N. 1987. Nomads and Settlers in Syria and Jordan, 1800-1950. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
119. Lithwick, Harvy. 2000. An Urban Development Strategy for the Negev's Bedouin Community. Be'er-Sheva: Negev Center for Regional Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
120. Mabbutt, J. A. and C. Floret (eds.). 1980. Case Studies on Desertification. Paris: UNESCO.
121. Maoz, M. 1968. Ottoman Reform in Syria and Palestine. London: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
122. Marx, Emanuel. 1967. Bedouin of the Negev. Manchester: Manchester University Press
123. -. 1974. Bedouin Society in the Negev. Tel Aviv: Reshafim Publications. (Hebrew.)
124. Masri, A. 1991. "The Tradition of Hema as a Land Tenure Institution in Arid Land Management: The Syrian Arab Republic." Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. FAO/ESH Working Paper of Pastoral and Agropastoral Societies, No. 12.
125. McCay, Bonnie J. and James M. Acheson (eds.). 1990. The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
126. Métral, Françoise. 1991. "Elevage et agriculture dans l'oasis de Sukhné (Syrie): Gestion des Risques par les Commerçants-Entrepreneurs." In Bocco et al., pp. 195-222.
127. Moran, U., and D. Palmah. 1985. Reservoirs in the Negev Hills. Midreshet Sde Boker: The Nature Preservation Society. (Hebrew.)
128. Montagne, R. 1947. La Civilisation du Desert: Nomades d' Orient et d'Afrique. Paris: Hachette.
129. Murray, G. W. 1935. Sons of Ishmael. London: Routledge.
130. Musil, A. 1907. Arabia Petraea I. Moab, II, Edom 1 & Edom 2. Wien: Kaiserliche Akademie.
131. Nevo, Yehuda D. 1985. "Sde Boqer and the Central Negev in the seventh-eighth Century A. D." Paper presented to the Third International Colloquium "From Jahiliyya to Islam." Jerusalem: The Hebrew University.
132. -. 1991. Pagans and Herders: A Re-examination of the Negev Run-off Cultivation Systems in the Byzantine and Early Arab Periods. Midreshet Ben-Gurion: IPS Achva Press.
133. Olsvig-Whittaker, Linda, P. E. Hosten, I. Marcus, and E. Shochat. 1992. "Influence of Grazing on Sand Field Vegetation in the Negev Desert." Journal of Arid Environments 23: 1-13.
134. Oppenheim, M. 1943. Die Beduinen 1939-1968. Leipzig and Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
135. Orev, Yaakov. 1986. A Practical Handbook on Desert Range Improvement Techniques. Geneva: Interagency Group on Agricultural Biometeorology.
136. -. 1987. Manuel Pratique pour l'Amélioration des Pâturages en Zones Semiarides. Geneva: Centre Technique de Cooperation Agricole et Rurale.
137. -. 1991. "Myself and Pastureland in the Negev. Private and Office Initiatives for Development of Natural Pastureland. Report. Sde Boqer: The Blaustein Institute for Desert Research. (Hebrew.)
138. -. 1993, Improvement of Pastureland in Arid and Very Arid Areas of the Country: Negev, Judean Wilderness, Samarian Wilderness. Report, Beersheba. (Hebrew.)
139. Paine, Robert (ed.). 1985. Advocacy and Anthropology. Newfoundland: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University.
140. Palmer, E. H. 1871. The Desert of the Exodus: Journeys on Foot in the Wilderness of the Forty Years' Wanderings, Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co.
141. Parizot, Cédric. 2001. Le Mois de la Bienvenue. Ph. D. Thesis. Paris: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.
142. Perevolotsky, Avi. 1987. "Territoriality and Resource Sharing Among the Bedouin of Southern Sinai: A Socio-Ecological Interpretation. " Journal of Arid Environments 13: 153-161.
143. -. 1991a. "Rehabilitation of the Black Goat." Hassadeh 71: 619-622. (Hebrew with English summary.)
144. -. 1991b. "Goats and Scapegoats-Overgrazing Controversy in Piwra, Peru." Small Ruminants Research 6: 199-215.
145. -. 1995. "Conservation, Reclamation and Grazing in the Northern Negev: Contradictory or Complementary Concepts?" Odi: Pastoral Development Network 38a and 38b.
146. Perevolotsky, A. and S. Landau. 1988. "Improving and Developing Sheep Production among the Northern Negev Bedouin: A Scientific Report on the Activities in the Bedouin Demonstration Farm (1982-1988)." Bet-Dagan, ARO, 41 pp. (Hebrew.)
147. Perevolotsky, A., N. Seligman, N. Yonathan, and S. Talker. 1990. "An Ecological Analysis of Fertilization Effects on the Yield of Natural Pasture in the Northern Negev. " Hassadeh 70: 957-959. (Hebrew with English summary.)
148. Peters, Emrys L. 1967. "Some Structural Aspects of the Feud among Camel Herding Bedouin of Cyrenaica." Africa 35: 261-281.
149. Peristiany J. G. (ed.) 1968. Contributions to Mediterranian Sociology. Paris, Morilon.
150. Planhol, X. de. "The Geographical Setting, " in Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970, pp. 443-468.
151. -. "Saturation et securité: sur l'organisation des sociétés de pasteurs nomades, " in Pastoral Production and Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, pp. 29-42.
152. Porat, Hanina. 1997. "The Development Policy and the Issue of the Bedouin in the Negev in the First Years of the State, 1948-1953." Studies in the Rebirth of Israel 7: 389-438. (Hebrew.)
153. Prawer, Joshua. 1972 The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem; European Colonialism in the Middle Ages. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
154. Richards, Alan. 1982. Egypt's Agricultural Development, 1800-1980: Technical and Social Change. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
155. Ronen, Arnon. 1993. "The Economy of the Bedouin Stock." Notes on the Bedouin 24: 69-79.
156. Rosen, Steve A. 1988. "Finding Evidence of Ancient Nomads." Biblical Archaeological Review 14: 47-53.
157. -. 1992. The Case for Seasonal Movement of Pastoral Nomads in the Late Byzantine/Early Arabic Period in the South Central Negev. In Bar-Yosef and Khazanov (eds.), pp. 153-164.
158. -. 1993. "A Roman Period pastoral Tent Camp in the Negev, Israel." Journal of Field Archaeology 20: 441-451.
159. Rosen, Steve A. and Avni, G. 1993. "The Age of the Empire: The Archeology of Pastoral Nomads in the Southern Negev Highlands in Late Antiquity." Biblical Archeologist 56: 189-199.
160. Rosenfeld, H. 1964, They Were Fellahin. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad. (Hebrew.)
161. -. 1965. "The Social Composition of the Military in the Process of State Formation in the Arabian Desert." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 95: 75-86, 174-94.
162. Rustum, Asad. 1936. The Royal Archives of Egypt and the Egyptian Expedition to Syria 1831-1841. Beirut: Americal University of Beirut.
163. Sabet, Joseph (arranger). "First Regional Seminar on Rangeland Strategy; The Proceedings." Amman, Jordan, May 2-4, 2000.
164. Sachs, K. 1992. Development Dictionary; A Guide to Knowledge as Power. London: Zed.
165. Sahlins, Marshall D. 1968. Tribesmen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
166. Salzman, Philip C. 1996. "Peasant Pastoralism." In Fabietti, U. and P. C. Salzman (eds.), pp. 149-166.
167. Schwartz, Moshe, S. Lees, and G. M. Kressel (eds.). 1995. Rural Cooperatives in Social Utopia: Thirty Years of Moshav Development in Israel. Westport CN, London: Praeger.
168. Seligmann, Noam, Z., N. H. Tadmor, and Z. Raz. 1962. "Survey of Natural Pasturelands in the Central Negev. " Jerusalem: Volcani Center, The National and University Institute of Agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture, Land Preservation Division. Bulletin 67. (Hebrew.)
169. Shachak, Moshe, and G. M. Lavett. 1998. "Atmospheric Particle Deposition to a Desert Ecosystem and Its Implications for Conservation and Management." Ecological Application 8: 455-463.
170. Shachak, Moshe, and S. T. A. Pickett. 1997. "Linking Ecological Understanding and Application: Patchiness in a Dryland System." In Pickett, S. T. A., Ostfeld, Linkens, and Moshe Shachak (eds.), Heterogeneity, Ecosystems and Biodiversity: The Ecological Basis for Conservation. New York: Chapman & Hall, pp. 108-122.
171. Shachak, Moshe, Menachem Sachs and Itshak Moshe. 1990. "Ecosystem Management of Desertified Shrublands in Israel." Ecosystems 1: 475-483.
172. Schacht, J. 1964. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 12-14.
173. Shanan, Leslie. 1975. "Rainfall and Runoff in Small Watersheds in the Avdat Region of the Negev Desert Highlands." Ph. D. Thesis. Jersualem; The Hebrew University.
174. -. 1979. Microcatchments of Desert Development: A Handbook of Design and Construction. Hebrew University in Jerusalem and Center for International Agricultural Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Rehovot.
175. -. 1987. "Irrigation Development: Proactive Planning and Interactive Management." In Bruins and Lithwick (eds.) 1998, pp. 251-276.
176. Shahar, 'Ido. 1996. Trilemma in debates at the Shar'i court of Beer Sheva: State law, Sharia and 'urf. Notes on the Bedouin 28: 50-67.
177. Sharon, Moshe. 1977, "The Bedouin of the Hebron Hills, " in Shmueli, A. et al. (eds.), pp. 548-557.
178. Shemi, Yitzhak. 1983. "Juma al' Ahabal." In Orzion, Yishai.
179. Shemi, Yitzhkah. 1986. Tsror Hamor: An Anthology of Short Stories by Writers of Middle-Eastern Origin. Beer-Sheva: The Eliashar Center for Studies in Sephardi Heritage, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, pp. 55-76.
180. Shmueli, A., D. Grossman, and R. Zeevy (eds.) 1977. Judea and Samaria: Studies in Settlement. Jerusalem: Canaan publishing House.
181. Stewart, Frank H. 1994. Horror. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
182. Tapper, R. (ed.). 1983. The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan. London: Croom Helm.
183. Tell, Tareq. 1993. "Paysans, Nomades et Etat en Jordanie Orientale: Les Politiques de Développement Rural." In Bocco et al., pp. 87-102.
184. Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1966. The Ancient Regime and the French Revolution. Manchester: Collins/Fontana.
185. Vilna'i, Ze'ev. 1932. Toldot Ha-Aravim Ve-Ha-Muslemim be Eretz-Yisrael. Tel-Aviv: Schtibel.
186. Warriner, D. 1962. Land Reform and Development in the Middle East. A Study of Egypt, Syria and Iraq. London: Oxford University Press.
187. Warriner, D. 1966. "Land Tenure in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent 1800-1950." In C. Issawi (ed.) The Economic History of the Middle East.
188. Weulersse, J. 1946. Paysans de Syrie et du Proche Orient. Paris: Gallimard.
189. Wieder, M., A. Yair, and A. Arzi. 1985. Catenary soil relationships on arid hillslopes. Catena Supplement 6: 41-57.
190. Wittfogel, Karl A. 1957. Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
191. Yair, A. 1983. "Hillslope Hydrology Water Harvesting and Areal Distribution of Some Ancient Agricultural Systems in the Northern Negev Desert." Journal of Environments 6: 283-301.
192. -. 1990. "Runoff Generation in a Sandy Area-The Nizzana Sands, Western Negev, Israel." Earth Surfaces and Landforms 15: 597-609.
193. Yair, A., and A. Danin. 1989. "Spatial Variations in vegetation as related to the soil moisture regime over an arid limestone hillside, Northern Negev, Israel. Oecologia (Berlin) 47: 83-88.
194. Yair, A., H. Lavee, and N. Greitser. 1997. Special and temporal variability of water percolation and movement in a system of longitudinal dunes, Western Negev, Israel. Hydrological Processes 11: 43-58.
195. Yair, A. and M. Shachak. 1987. Studies in watershed ecology of an arid area. In Berkofsky, L. and Wurtele, M. G. (eds.), Progress in Desert Research. Totowa, NJ, Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 145-193.
196. Yalman, N. 1979. "On Land Disputes in Eastern Turkey." Research in Economic Anthropology, 2:269-302.