Journey of song: Public life and morality in Cameroon

Journey of Song: Public Life and Morality in Cameroon

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-223

  Ignatowski, Clare A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896147965     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (186)

1. Gurna song (siǧurna), 1997/1998, Tuksu village, Sogole.
2. Gurna song, 1998/1999, Tuksu village, Sogole and Dayle (of Youaye).
3. Gurna song, 1997/1998 and 1998/1999, Zouaye village, Noumnano and Djingue.
4. Gurna song, 1998/1999, Dawa village (Chad), Dabla and Teodandi.
5. Children's gurna song (siǧurna-fiiri), 1998/1999, Konkoron village, Houyang Jean.
6. Gurna song for Gurna Club, Lycée de Doukoula, Doukoula, 1995/1996, 1996/1997, 1997/1998, 1998/1999, Dangmoworé.
7. Gurna song for Tupuri Cultural Association, Marouac Pitoaréc, 1998/1999, Ringwa.
8. Gurna song for Club Kwöissa, Yaoundé, 1998 and 1999, Fouroum Mangale.
9. Leele (women's song), 1-27, collected in Doukoula 1997-1999.
10. Waywa (youth's song), 1-18, collected in Doukoula 1997-1999.
11. Abrahams, Roger D. 1962. "Playing the Dozens." Journal of American Folklore 75:209-220.
12. -. 1983. The Man-of-Words in the West Indies: Performance and the Emergence of Creole Culture. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
13. Abu-Lughod, Lila. 1986. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
14. -. 1998. Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
15. Agovi, Kofi. 1995. "The King Is Not above Insult: The Politics of Good Governance in Nzema Avudwene Festival Songs." In Power, Marginality and Oral Literature, ed. Graham Furniss and Liz Gunner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Allison, Anne. 1994. Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. 6Amnesty International. 2001. "A. I. Report 2001: Cameroon. " A. I. Publications. Available online at http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2002.nsf/ afr/cameroon?Open.
18. Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
19. Apter, Andrew. 1992. Black Critics and Kings: The Hermeneutics of Power in Yoruba Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. -. 1998. "Discourse and Its Disclosures: Yoruba Women and the Sanctity of Abuse." Africa 68(1):68-97.
21. -. 1999. "IBB 19: Nigerian Democracy and the Politics of Illusion. " In Civil Society and the Political Imagination in Africa, ed. John L. Comaroff and Jean Comaroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
22. Avorgbedor, David K. 2001. " 'It's a Great Song!' Haló Performance as Literary Production. " Research in African Literatures 32(2):17-43.
23. Bâ, Amadou Hampaté. 1973/1999. The Fortunes of Wangrin. Trans. Aina Pavolini Taylor. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
24. Barber, Karin. 1987. "Popular Arts in Africa." African Studies Review 30(3):1-78.
25. -. 1991. I Could Speak Until Tomorrow: Oriki, Women, and the Past in a Yoruba Town. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
26. -. 1997. "Introduction. " In Readings in African Popular Culture, ed. Karin Barber. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
27. -. 1999. "Obscurity and Exegesis in African Oral Poetry." In Oral Literature and Performance in Southern Africa. Oxford: James Currey.
28. Barber, Karin, and P. F. de Moraes Farias. 1989. "Introduction. " In Discourse and Its Disguises: The Interpretation of African Oral Texts, ed. Karin Barber and P. F. de Moraes Farias. Birmingham University African Studies Series no. 1. Birmingham, UK: Birmingham University, Center of West African Studies.
29. Barnes, Sandra T. 1989. Africa's Ogun: Old World and New. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
30. -. 1996. "Political Ritual and the Public Sphere in Contemporary West Africa." In The Politics of Cultural Performance, ed. D. Parkin, L. Caplan, and H. Fisher. Providence, R. I.: Berghahn Books.
31. Barthes, Roland. 1972. Mythologies. New York: The Noonday Press.
32. Baskouda, J. B. Shelley. 1993. Kirdi Est Mon Nom. Yaoundé, Cameroon: ImprimerieSaint-Paul.
33. Bauman, Richard, and Charles L. Briggs. 1990. "Poetics and Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language and Social Life." Annual Review of Anthropology 19:59-88.
34. Bayart, Jean-François. 1993. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. New York: Longman.
35. Beier, Ulli. 1962. "Nigerian Folk Art." Nigeria Magazine 75.
36. Binet, Jacques. 1974. "Dance et Education dans la Vie Sociale: Les Fangs du Gabon. " In Dossiers Pédagogique: L'Enfant en Afrique, Education et Socialisation II (10): 21-26.
37. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1972/1989. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Trans. Richard Rice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. -. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
39. Bourdieu, Pierre, and J.-C. Passeron. 1977. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Press.
40. Boutrais, Jean et al. 1994. Le Nord du Cameroun: Des Hommes, Une Région. Paris: OR-STOM.
41. Brenneis, Donald. 1980. "Fighting Words." In Not Work Alone: A Cross-Cultural View of Activities Superfluous to Survival, ed. Jeremy Cherfas and Roger Lewin. London: Temple Smith.
42. Briggs, Charles, and Richard Bauman. 1992. "Genre, Intertextuality, and Social Power." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 2(2):131-172.
43. Burnham, Philip. 1996. The Politics of Cultural Difference in Northern Cameroon. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Press.
44. Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
45. Caponi, Gena Dagel, ed. 1999. Signifyin (g), Sanctifyin', and Slam Dunking: A Reader in African American Expressive Culture. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
46. Caton, Steven C. 1990. "Peaks of Yemen I Summon": Poetry as Cultural Practice in a North Yemeni Tribe. Berkeley: University of California Press.
47. Chernoff, John M. 1979. African Rhythm and African Sensibility: Aesthetics and Social Action in African Musical Idioms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Clifford, James, and George E. Marcus, eds. 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.
49. Cohen, Abner. 1993. Masquerade Politics: Explorations in the Structure of Urban Cultural Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press.
50. Comaroff, Jean. 1985. Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff, eds. 1993. Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
52. Coplan, David B. 1994. In the Time of the Cannibals: The Word Music of South Africa's Basotho Migrants. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
53. Cowan, Jane K. 1990. Dance and the Body Politic in Northern Greece. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
54. Diawara, Mamadou. 1997. "Mande Oral Popular Culture Revisited by the Electronic Media." In Readings in African Popular Culture, ed. Karin Barber. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
55. Dicklitch, Susan. 2002. "Failed Democratic Transition in Cameroon: A Human Rights Explanation. " Human Rights Quarterly 24:152-176.
56. Dominguez, Virginia R. 1992. "Invoking Culture: The Messy Side of 'Cultural Politics.' " Southern Atlantic Quarterly 91:19-42.
57. Drewal, Margaret Thompson. 1991. "The State of Research on Performance in Africa." African Studies Review 34(3):1-64.
58. -. 1992. Yoruba Ritual: Performers, Play, Agency. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
59. Dumas-Champion, Françoise. 1983. Les Masa du Tchad: Bétail et Societé. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Eckert, Penelope, and Russell Newmark. 1980. "Central Eskimo Song Duels: A Contextual Analysis of Ritual Ambiguity." Ethnology 19(2):191-211.
61. Erlmann, Veit. 1996. Nightsong: Performance, Power, and Practice in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
62. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1937. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon.
63. -. 1940. The Nuer. New York: Oxford University Press.
64. -. 1956. Nuer Religion. Oxford: Clarendon.
65. Eyoh, Dickson. 1998. "Through the Prism of a Local Tragedy: Political Liberalisation, Regionalism and Elite Struggles for Power in Cameroon. " Africa 1:338-359.
66. Feckoua, Laurent Laoukissam. 1977. "Les Hommes et Leurs Activités en Pays Toupouri du Tchad." Doctoral dissertation (Geography), Université de Paris VIII, Vincennes, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines.
67. Feld, Steven. 1990. Sound and Sentiment: Birds, Weeping, Poetics, and Song in Kaluli Expression. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
68. Fendjongue, Houli. 1991. "La Dialectique de la Tradition et la Modernité dans un Systeme Politique Toupouri: L'Exemple de la Chefferie de Doukoula." Mémoire, Faculté de Droit et des Sciences Economiques, Université de Yaoundé, Cameroun.
69. Ferguson, James. 1999. Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt. Berkeley: University of Chicago Press.
70. Ferme, Mariane. 1999. "Staging Politisi: The Dialogics of Publicity and Secrecy in Sierra Leone." In Civil Society and the Political Imagination in Africa, ed. John L. Comaroff and Jean Comaroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
71. Finnegan, Ruth. 1970. Oral Literature in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
72. Foucault, Michel. 1975. [1977 trans.] Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House/Vintage.
73. -. 1976/1994. "Two Lectures." Reprinted in Culture/Power/ History: A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, ed. Nicholas B. Dirks, Geoff Eley, and Sherry B. Ortner. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
74. Fraser, Nancy. 1992. "Rethinking the Public Sphere." In Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
75. -. 1997. Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the "Postsocialist" Condition. New York: Routledge.
76. Furniss, Graham. 1995. "The Power of Words and the Relation between Hausa Genres." In Power, Marginality and Oral Literature, ed. Graham Furniss and Liz Gunner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
77. Furniss, Graham, and Liz Gunner, eds. 1995. Power, Marginality and Oral Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
78. Gable, Eric. 1995. "The Decolonization of Consciousness: Local Skeptics and the 'Will to be Modern' in a West African Village." American Ethnologist 22(2):242-257.
79. -. 2000. "The Culture Development Club: Youth, Neo-Tradition, and the Construction of Society in Guinea-Bissau." Anthropological Quarterly 73(4):195-203.
80. Garine, Igor de. 1981. "Contribution B l'Histoire du Mayo Danaye (Massa, Toupouri, Moussey et Mousgoum)." In Contribution de la Recherche Ethnologique à l'Histoire des Civilisations du Cameroun, ed. Claude Tardits. Paris Éditions du CNRS.
81. Garine, Igor de, and Georgius J. A. Koppert. 1991. "Guru-Fattening Sessions among the Massa." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 25:1-28.
82. Geertz, Clifford. 1973. Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
83. Geschiere, Peter. 1997. The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
84. Geschiere, Peter, and Josef Gugler. 1998. "The Urban-Rural Connection: Changing Issues of Belonging and Identification. " Africa 68(3):309-319.
85. Glassman, Jonathon. 1995. Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion, and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888. Portsmouth, N. H.: Heinemann.
86. Gluckman, Max. 1963. Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa. New York: The Free Press.
87. Goody, Jack. 1977. The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
88. Gourlay, Kenneth. 1999. "The Making of Karimojong' Cattle Songs." In Composing the Music of Africa: Composition, Interpretation and Realisation, ed. Malcolm Floyd. Aldershot: Ashgate.
89. Graham, Laura. 1993. "A Public Sphere in Amazonia? The Depersonalized Collaborative Construction of Discourse in Xavante." American Ethnologist 20(4):717-741.
90. Gros, Jean-Germain. 1996. "The Hard Lessons of Cameroon. " Journal of Democracy 6(3):112-127.
91. Gubry, Patrick, Samson B. Lamlenn, Emmanuel Ngwé, Jean-Marie Tchégho, Joseph-Pierre Timnou, and Jacques Véron. 1996. Le Retour au Village: Une Solution à la Crise Economique au Cameroun? Paris: Harmattan.
92. Guillard, Joanny. 1965. Golonpoui: Analyse des Conditions de Modernisation d'un Village du Nord-Cameroun. Paris: Mouton.
93. Gunner, Liz. 1995. "Clashes of Interest: Gender, Status and Power in Zulu Praise Poetry." In Power, Marginality and Oral Literature, ed. Graham Furniss and Liz Gunner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
94. Gupta, Akhil, and James Ferguson. 1992. "Beyond 'Culture': Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference." Cultural Anthropology 7(1):6-23.
95. Habermas, Jürgen. 1962/1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Trans. Thomas Burger. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
96. Hall, Kathleen. 1995. " 'There's a Time to Act English and a Time to Act Indian': The Politics of Identity among British-Sikh Teenagers." In Children and the Politics of Culture, ed. S. Stephens. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
97. Hall, Stuart. 1981. "Notes on Deconstructing the Popular." In People's History and Socialist Theory, ed. R. Samuel. London: Routledge.
98. Haman, Amadou. 1996. "Les Massa de la Rive Gauche du Logone (Nord-Cameroun): Origin, Migrations et Processus d'Implantation. " Memoire dans le Département d'Histoire, Université de Yaoundé I.
99. Handler, Richard. 1988. Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
100. Hannerz, Ulf. 1992. Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning. New York: Columbia University Press.
101. Haraway, Donna. 1991. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.
102. Harvey, David. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
103. Heath, Deborah. 1994. "The Politics of Appropriateness and Appropriation: Recontextualizing Women's Dance in Urban Senegal." American Ethnologist 21(1):88-103.
104. Hill, Jane H., and Judith T. Irvine, eds. 1992. Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
105. Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ranger, eds. 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
106. Hofmeyr, Isabel. 1993. "We Spend our Years as a Tale That Is Told": Oral Historical Narrative in a Southern African Chiefdom. Portsmouth, N. H.: Heinemann.
107. Hutchinson, Sharon E. 1996. Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State. Berkeley: University of California Press.
108. Ignatowski, Clare A. 1997. "Marking Presence, Taking Space: Graffiti and Murals in Philadelphia." Unpublished manuscript.
109. -. 2004a. "Multipartyism and Nostalgia for the Unified Past: Discourses of Democracy in a Dance Association in Cameroon. " Cultural Anthropology 19(2):276-298.
110. -. 2004b. "Making Ethnic Elites: Ritual Poetics in a Cameroonian Lycée." Africa 74(3):411-432.
111. Irvine, Judith T. 1989. "When Talk Isn't Cheap: Language and Political Economy." American Ethnologist 16(2):248-267.
112. -. 1993. "Insult and Responsibility: Verbal Abuse in a Wolof Village." In Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse, ed. Jane H. Hill and Judith T. Irvine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
113. -. 1996. "Shadow Conversations: The Indeterminacy of Participant Roles." In Natural Histories of Discourse, ed. Michael Silverstein and Greg Urban. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
114. Ivy, Marilyn. 1995. Discourses of the Vanishing: Modernity, Phantasm, Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
115. James, Deborah. 1999. "Sister, Spouse, Lazy Woman: Commentaries on Domestic Predicaments by Kiba Performers from the Northern Province." In Oral Literature and Performance in Southern Africa, ed. Duncan Brown. Oxford: James Currey.
116. Ka'arang: Organe d'Information du Cercle de Réflexion sur la Culture Tpuri (CRCT). Bremen, Germany: Ka'arang.
117. Kaspin, Deborah. 1993. "Chewa Visions and Revision of Power: Transformations of the Nyau Dance in Central Malawi." In Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in South Africa, ed. Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
118. Kléda, Samuel. 1983. "Analyse d'un Chant Gurna de Dan Biina." Unpublished manuscript. Guidiguis, Cameroon.
119. Kléda, Samuel, and Suzanne Ruelland. 1998. "Tradition and Creativité dans un Genre Oral Chanté." Ka'arang 19:5-10.
120. Kofele-Kale, Ndiva. 1986. "Ethnicity, Regionalism, and Political Power: A Post-Mortem of Ahidjo's Cameroon. " In The Political Economy of Cameroon, ed. Michael G. Schatzberg and I. William Zartman. New York: Praeger.
121. Kondo, Dorinne K. 1990. Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
122. Koulandi, Jean. 1999. "Le Bili-Bili et la 'Liberation' de la Femme Tupuri." Unpublished manuscript. Cameroon.
123. Kratz, A. 1993. Affecting Performance: Meaning, Movement, and Experience in Okiek Women's Initiation. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
124. Kuipers, Joel C. 1992. "Obligations to the Word: Ritual Speech, Performance, and Responsibility among the Weyewa." In Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse, ed. Jane H. Hill and Judith T. Irvine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
125. Labov, William. 1972. "Rules for Ritual Insults." In Studies in Social Interaction, ed. David Sudnow. New York: The Free Press.
126. Lan, David. 1985. Guns and Rain: Guerillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe. Berkeley: University of California Press.
127. Lavie, Smadar. 1990. The Poetics of Military Occupation: Mzeina Allegories of Bedouin Identity under Israeli and Egyptian Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
128. Levinson, Bradley A., Douglas E. Foley, and Dorothy C. Holland, eds. 1996. The Cultural Production of the Educated Person. Albany: State University of New York Press.
129. Lock, Margaret. 1993. "Cultivating the Body: Anthropology and Epistemologies of Bodily Practice and Knowledge." Annual Review of Anthropology 22:133-155.
130. Lutz, Catherine A., and Lila Abu-Lughod, eds. 1990. Language and the Politics of Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
131. Malone, Jacqui. 1996. Steppin' on the Blues: The Visible Rhythms of African American Dance. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
132. Marcus, George E., and Michael M. J. Fischer. 1986. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
133. Mashing, Abaga Martin. 1997. "A Propos du Mot Kirdi." Le Kirdi 3:11-12.
134. Mathias, Elizabeth. 1976. "La Gara Poetica: Sardinian Shepherds' Verbal Dueling and the Expression of Male Values in Agro-Pastoral Society." Unpublished manuscript.
135. Mbembe, Achille. 2001. On the Postcolony. Berkeley: University of California Press.
136. Mehler, Andreas. 1998. "Cameroun and the Politics of Patronage." In History of Central Africa, ed. David Birmingham and Phyllis Martin. New York: Longman Press.
137. Mendoza, Zoila S. 2000. Shaping Society through Dance: Mestizo Ritual Performance in the Peruvian Andes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
138. Messenger, John C. 1962. "Anang Art, Drama, and Social Control." African Studies Bulletin 5(2):29-35.
139. Miller, Daniel. 1994. Modernity, an Ethnographic Approach: Dualism and Mass Consumption in Trinidad. Oxford: Berg Press.
140. Miller, Laura. 1998. "Bad Girls: Representations of Unsuitable, Unfit, and Unsatisfactory Women in Magazines." U. S./Japan Women's Journal 15:31-51.
141. Mitchell, J. Clyde. 1956. The Kalela Dance: Aspects of Social Relationships among Urban Africans in Northern Rhodesia. Rhodes-Livingstone Paper no. 27. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
142. Monga, Yvette. 2000. "'Au village!': Space, Culture, and Politics in Cameroon. " Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines 160(40):723-749.
143. Moraes Farias, P. F. de. 1995. "Praise Splits the Subject of Speech: Constructions of Kingship in the Manden and Borgu." In Power, Marginality and Oral Literature, ed. Graham Furniss and Liz Gunner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
144. Nyamnjoh, Francis, and Michael Rowlands. 1998. "Elite Associations and the Politics of Belonging in Cameroon. " Africa 68(3):320-337.
145. Ojaide, Tanure. 2001. "Poetry, Performance, and Art: Udje Dance Songs of Nigeria's Urhobo People." Research in African Literatures 32(2):44-75.
146. Ong, Aihwa. 1999. Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press.
147. Ong, Walter J. 1982. Orality and Literacy: The Technologies of the Word. London: Routledge.
148. Parkin, David. 1980. "The Creativity of Abuse." Man, n. s. 15:45-64
149. Pellow, Deborah. 1997. "Male Praise-Singers in Accra: In the Company of Women. " Africa 67(4):582-601.
150. Perkins, William Eric. 1996. "The Rap Attack: An Introduction. " In Droppin' Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture, ed. William Eric Perkins. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
151. Piersen, William D. 1993/1999. "A Resistance Too Civilized to Notice." Reprinted in Signifyin (g), Sanctifyin', and Slam Dunking, ed. Gena Dagel Caponi. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
152. Pontie, Guy. 1972/1984. "Les Sociétés PaVennes." In Le Nord du Cameroun, ed. Jean Boutrais et al. Paris: ORSTOM.
153. Pred, Allan, and Michael J. Watts. 1992. Reworking Modernity: Capitalisms and Symbolic Discontent. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press.
154. Public Culture. 1994. Public Culture 7 (1) (special issue on The Black Public Sphere).
155. Ramsey, F. Jeffress. 2001. Africa. 9th ed. Guilford, Conn.: McGraw-Hill/Duskin.
156. Ranger, Terence O. 1975. Dance and Society in Eastern Africa, 1890-1970: The Beni Ngoma. Berkeley: University of California.
157. Reed, Susan A. 1998. "The Politics and Poetics of Dance." Annual Review of Anthropology 27:503-532.
158. Rich, Frank. 2000. "The Age of the Mediathon. " New York Times Magazine, October 29:58-94.
159. Rofel, Lisa. 1999. Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China After Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press.
160. Ruelland, Suzanne. 1988. Dictionnaire Tupuri-Français-Anglais. Paris: PEETERS/SELAF.
161. -. 1999. "L'Homme et l'Animal en Pays Tupuri: Réalités et Représentations." In L'Homme et l'Animal dans le Bassin du Lac Tchad, ed. Catherine Baroin and Jean Boutrais. Paris: IRD.
162. -. Forthcoming. "La Créativité dans l'Art Chanté Tupuri: L'Exemple d'un Compositeur de Chants Waywa." In Oralité Africaine et Création (African Orality and Creativity). Paris: Karthala.
163. Sanday, Peggy R. 1996. A Woman Scorned: Acquaintance Rape on Trial. New York: Doubleday.
164. Schilder, Kees. 1994. Quest for Self-Esteem: State, Islam, and Mundang Ethnicity in Northern Cameroon. Aldershot: Avebury.
165. Schultz, Emily. 1984. "From Pagan to Pullo: Ethnic Identity Change in Northern Cameroon. " Africa 54(1):46-63.
166. Seignobos, Christian. 1995. Terroir de Sirlawé: Saturation Foncière et Emigration Encadrée. Yaoundé, Cameroon: MINAGRI/SODECOTON/ORSTOM.
167. Smith, M. G. 1957. "The Social Functions and Meaning of Hausa Praise-Singing." Africa 27(1):26-43.
168. Spitulnick, Debra. 1997. "The Social Circulation of Media Discourse and the Mediation of Communities." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 6(2):161-187.
169. Stewart, Kathleen. 1996. A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an "Other" America. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
170. Street, Brian V., ed. 1993. Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
171. Stuempfle, Stephen. 1995. The Steelband Movement: The Forging of a National Art in Trinidad and Tobago. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
172. Thompson, Robert Farris. 1966/1999. "An Aesthetic of the Cool: West African Dance." Reprinted in Signifyin (g), Sanctifyin', and Slam Dunking, ed. Gena Dagel Caponi. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
173. -. 1974. African Art in Motion: Icon and Art. Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art.
174. Toulabor, Comi. 1981. "Jeu de Mots, Jeux de Vilain: Lexique de la Dérision Politique au Togo." Politique Africaine 3:55-71.
175. Transparency International and Göttingen University. 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001. "TI Press Releases: Corruptions Perceptions Index (1998-2001)." Berlin.
176. Turner, Victor. 1967. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.
177. -. 1987. The Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ Publications.
178. Urban, Greg. 1996. Metaphysical Community: The Interplay of the Sense and the Intellect. Austin: University of Texas Press.
179. -. 2001. Metaculture: How Culture Moves through the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
180. U. S. Department of State. 1999, and 2000. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for Cameroon for 1998 and 1999. Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. Washington D. C.
181. Vail, Leroy, and Landeg White. 1991. Power and the Praise Poem: Southern African Voices in History. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
182. Waterman, Christopher. 1988. "Asiko, Sakara and Palmwine: Popular Music and Social Identity in Inter-War Lagos, Nigeria." Urban Anthropology 17(2-3):229-258.
183. -. 1997. " 'Our Tradition Is a Very Modern Tradition.'" In Readings in African Popular Culture, ed. Karin Barber. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
184. White, Luise. 2000. Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
185. Williams, Raymond. 1977. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
186. Yankah, Kwesi. 1997. "The Sung Tale as a Political Chart in Contemporary Ghana." Paper prepared for "Words and Voice: Critical Practices in Africa and in African Studies", Bellagia, Italy, February 24-28.