The role of ENSO in global ocean temperature changes during 1955-2011 simulated with a 1D climate model

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 229-237

  Spencer, Roy W ^a   Braswell, William D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate change; Climate modeling; Climate sensitivity; ENSO; Ocean heat content

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896111691     PISSN: 19767633     EISSN: 19767951     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13143-014-0011-z     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Dessler, A. E., 2011: Cloud variations and the Earth's energy budget. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L19701, doi:10.1029/2011GL049236.
2. Forster, P. M., and J. M. Gregory, 2006: The climate sensitivity and its components diagnosed from Earth Radiation Budget data. J. Climate, 19, 39-52.
3. -, and K. E. Taylor, 2006: Climate forcings and climate sensitivities diagnosed from coupled climate model integrations. J. Climate, 19, 6181-6194.
4. Gupta, Alexander Sen, Les C. Muir, Jaclyn N. Brown, Steven J. Phipps, Paul J. Durack, Didier Monselesan, and Susan E. Wijffels, 2012: Climate drift in the CMIP3 models. J. Climate, 25, 4621-4640.
5. Harvey, L. D., and Z. Huang, 2001: A quasi-one-dimensional coupled climate-change cycle model 1. Description and behavior of the climate component. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22,339-22,353, doi:10.1029/2000-JC000364.
6. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 996 pp.
7. Jin, F.-F., S. I. An, A. Timmermann, and J. Zhao, 2003: Strong El Niño events and nonlinear dynamical heating. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1120, doi:10:1029/2002GL016356.
8. Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, R. A. Locarnini, H. E. Garcia, and A. V. Mishonov, 2009: Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation Problems. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07608, doi:10. 1029/2008GL037155.
9. -, and Coauthors, 2012: World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10603, doi:10.1029/2012GL051106.
10. Lindzen, R. S., 2002: Do deep ocean temperature records verify models? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2001GL014360 .
11. -, and Y.-S. Choi, 2011: On the observational determination of climate sensitivity and its implications. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 377-390, doi:10.1007/s13143-011-0023-x.
12. Meehl, G. A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J. F. B. Mitchell, R. J. Stouffer, and K. E. Taylor, 2007: The WCRP CMIP3 multi-model data set: A new era in climate change research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1383-1394.
13. Meinshausen, M., and Coauthors, 2011: The RCP Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and their Extension from 1765 to 2300. Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z.
14. Rasmussen, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
15. Rayner, N. A., P. Brohan, D. E. Parker, C. K. Folland, J. J. Kennedy, M. Vanicek, T. Ansell, and S. F. B. Tett, 2006: Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: the HadSST2 data set. J. Climate, 19, 446-469.
16. Solomon, A., and M. Newman, 2012: Reconciling disparate 20th century Indo-Pacific ocean temperature trends in the instrumental record. Nature Climate Change, 2, 691-699, doi:10.1038/nclimate1591.
17. Spencer, R. W., and W. D. Braswell, 2010: On the diagnosis of radiative feedback in the presence of unknown radiative forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 115, doi:10.1029/2009JD013371.
18. -, and-, 2011: On the misdiagnosis of surface temperature feedbacks from variations in Earth's radiant energy balance. Remote Sens., 3, 1603-1613, doi:10.3390/rs3081603.
19. Taylor, K. E., R. J. Stouffer, and G. A. Meehl, 2012: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 485-498.
20. Trenberth, K., and T. J. Hoar, 1995: The 1990-1995 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 57-60.
21. Tsonis, A. A., K. Swanson, and S. Kravtsov, 2007: A new dynamical mechanism for major climate shifts. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13705, doi:10.1029/2007GL030288.
22. Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, E. F. Harrison, R. B. Lee III, G. L. Smith, and J. E. Cooper, 1996: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth Observing System experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 853-868.
23. Wolter, K., 1987: The Southern Oscillation in surface circulation and climate over the tropical Atlantic, Eastern Pacific, and Indian Oceans as captured by cluster analysis. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 540-558.
24. -, and M. S. Timlin, 2011: El Niño/Southern Oscillation behaviour since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext). Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1074-1087, doi:10.1002/joc.2336.