Selection criteria for selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review of the literature

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 302-312

  Grunt, Sebastian ^a   Fieggen, A Graham ^b   Vermeulen, R Jeroen ^c   Becher, Jules G ^c   Langerak, Nelleke G ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CEREBRAL PALSY; DORSAL RHIZOTOMY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELECTIVE DORSAL RHIZOTOMY; SPASTICITY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CEREBRAL PALSY; DATABASES, FACTUAL; HUMANS; RHIZOTOMY; SPINAL NERVE ROOTS;

EID: 84896064484     PISSN: 00121622     EISSN: 14698749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12277     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Fasano VA, Broggi G, Barolat-Romana G, Sguazzi A. Surgical treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy. Childs Brain 1978; 4: 289-305.
2. Peacock WJ, Arens LJ. Selective posterior rhizotomy for the relief of spasticity in cerebral palsy. S Afr Med J 1982; 62: 119-24.
3. Hesselgard K, Reinstrup P, Stromblad LG, Unden J, Romner B. Selective dorsal rhizotomy and postoperative pain management. A worldwide survey. Pediatr Neurosurg 2007; 43: 107-12.
4. Steinbok P, Tidemann AJ, Miller S, Mortenson P, Bowen-Roberts T. Electrophysiologically guided versus non-electrophysiologically guided selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy: a comparison of outcomes. Child Nerv Syst 2009; 25: 1091-6.
5. Cochrane DD, Steinbok P. Laminotomy: a technical note. Childs Nerv Syst 1992; 8: 226-8.
6. Park TS, Gaffney PE, Kaufman BA, Molleston MC, Cahan LD, Peacock WJ. Selective lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomy immediately caudal to the conus medullaris for cerebral palsy spasticity. Neurosurgery 1993; 33: 929-34.
7. Steinbok P. Outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy. Child Nerv Syst 2001; 17: 1-18.
8. Mclaughlin J, Bjornson K, Temkin N, et al. Selective dorsal rhizotomy: meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002; 44: 17-25.
9. Grunt S, Becher JG, Vermeulen RJ. Long-term outcome and adverse effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53: 490-8.
10. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: WHO, 2010.
11. Langerak NG, Vaughan CL, Hoffman EB, Figaji AA, Fieggen AG, Peter JC. Incidence of spinal abnormalities in patients with spastic diplegia 17 to 26 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy. Child Nerv Syst 2009; 25: 1593-603.
12. Crilly MA. Selective dorsal rhizotomy remains experimental in cerebral palsy. BMJ 2012; 345: e6670.
13. Vermeulen RJ, Becher JG, Grunt S. (2013) Re: Selective dorsal rhizotomy remains experimental in cerebral palsy. (Letter) http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6670/rr/613417 (accessed 26 July 2013).
14. Landau WM. Rootless century: posterior rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 2013; 28: 7-12.
15. Peacock WJ, Arens LJ, Berman B. Cerebral palsy spasticity: selective posterior rhizotomy. Pediatr Neurosci 1987; 13: 61-6.
16. O'Donnel M, Darrah J, Adams R, Butler C, Roxborough L, Damiano D. (2008) AACPDM methodology to develop systematic reviews of treatment interventions. http://www.aacpdm.org/UserFiles/file/treatment_outcomes_methodology.pdf (accessed 26 July 2013).
17. Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997; 39: 214-23.
18. Graubert C, Song KM, McLaughlin JF, Bjornson KF. Changes in gait at 1 year post-selective dorsal rhizotomy results of a prospective randomized study. J Pediatr Orthop 2000; 20: 496-500.
19. McLaughlin JF, Bjornson KF, Astley SJ, et al. Selective dorsal rhizotomy: efficacy and safety in an investigator-masked randomized clinical trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998; 40: 220-32.
20. Steinbok P, McLeod K. Comparison of motor outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy with and without preoperative intensified physiotherapy in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurosurg 2002; 36: 142-7.
21. Wright FV, Sheli EMH, Drake JM, Wedge JH, Naumann S. Evaluation of selective dorsal rhizotomy for the reduction of spasticity in cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998; 40: 239-47.
22. Steinbok P, Reiner AM, Beauchamp R, Armstrong RW, Cochrane DD. A randomized clinical trial to compare selective posterior rhizotomy plus physiotherapy with physiotherapy alone in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997; 39: 178-84.
23. Abel MF, Damiano DL, McLaughlin JF, Song KM, Graubert CS, Bjornson KF. Comparison of functional outcomes from orthopedic and neurosurgical interventions in spastic diplegia. Neurosurg Focus 1998; 4: e2.
24. Abel MF, Damiano DL, Gilgannon M, et al. Biomechanical changes in gait following selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Neurosurg 2005; 102: 157-62.
25. Buckon CE, Thomas SS, Piatt J, Aiona MD, Sussman MD. Selective dorsal rhizotomy versus orthopedic surgery: a multidimensional assessment of outcome efficacy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 457-65.
26. Engsberg JR, Ross SA, Collins DR, Tae SP. Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 2006; 105: 8-15.
27. Engsberg JR, Ross SA, Wagner JM, Park TS. Changes in hip spasticity and strength following selective dorsal rhizotomy and physical therapy for spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002; 44: 220-6.
28. Engsberg JR, Ross SA, Park TS. Changes in ankle spasticity and strength following selective dorsal rhizotomy and physical therapy for spastic cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 1999; 91: 727-32.
29. Langerak NG, Tam N, Vaughan CL, Fieggen AG, Schwartz MH. Gait status 17-26 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy. Gait Posture 2012; 35: 244-9.
30. Langerak NG, Lamberts RP, Fieggen AG, et al. A prospective gait analysis study in patients with diplegic cerebral palsy 20 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008; 1: 180-6.
31. Maenpaa H, Salokorpi T, Jaakkola R, et al. Follow-up of children with cerebral palsy after selective posterior rhizotomy with intensive physiotherapy or physiotherapy alone. Neuropediatrics 2003; 34: 67-71.
32. Marty GR, Dias LS, Gaebler-Spira D. Selective posterior rhizotomy and soft-tissue procedures for the treatment of cerebral diplegia. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995; 77: 713-8.
33. Subramanian N, Vaughan CL, Peter JC, Arens LJ. Gait before and 10 years after rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy spasticity. J Neurosurg 1998; 88: 1014-9.
34. Wong AM, Pei YC, Lui TN, Chen CL, Wang CM, Chung CY. Comparison between botulinum toxin type A injection and selective posterior rhizotomy in improving gait performance in children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 2005; 102: 385-9.
35. Vaughan CL, Berman B, Peacock WJ. Cerebral palsy and rhizotomy. A 3-year follow-up evaluation with gait analysis. J Neurosurg 1991; 74: 178-84.
36. Berman B, Vaughan CL, Peacock WJ. The effect of rhizotomy on movement in patients with cerebral palsy. Am J Occup Ther 1990; 44: 511-6.
37. Bloom KK, Nazar GB. Functional assessment following selective posterior rhizotomy in spastic cerebral palsy. Child Nerv Syst 1994; 10: 84-6.
38. Buckon CE, Sienko TS, Aiona MD, Piatt JH. Assessment of upper-extremity function in children with spastic diplegia before and after selective dorsal rhizotomy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996; 38: 967-75.
39. Chan SH, Yam KY, Yiu-Lau BP, et al. Selective dorsal rhizotomy in Hong Kong: multidimensional outcome measures. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 39: 22-32.
40. Cole GF, Farmer SE, Roberts A, Stewart C, Patrick JH. Selective dorsal rhizotomy for children with cerebral palsy: the Oswestry experience. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92: 781-5.
41. Engsberg JR, Ross SA, Collins DR, Park TS. Predicting functional change from preintervention measures in selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Neurosurg 2007; 106: 282-7.
42. Fukuhara T, Najm IM, Levin KH, et al. Nerve rootlets to be sectioned for spasticity resolution in selective dorsal rhizotomy. Surg Neurol 2000; 54: 126-33.
43. Grunt S, Becher JG, van SP, van Ouwerkerk WJ, Ahmadi M, Vermeulen RJ. Preoperative MRI findings and functional outcome after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with bilateral spasticity. Childs Nerv Syst 2010; 26: 191-8.
44. Grunt S, Henneman WJP, Bakker MJ, et al. Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on gait in children with bilateral spastic paresis: kinematic and EMG-pattern changes. Neuropediatrics 2010; 41: 209-16.
45. Johnson MB, Goldstein L, Thomas SS, Piatt J, Aiona M, Sussman M. Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 2004; 24: 529-36.
46. Kim HS, Steinbok P, Wickenheiser D. Predictors of poor outcome after selective dorsal rhizotomy in treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. Child Nerv Syst 2006; 22: 60-6.
47. Langerak NG, Hillier SL, Verkoeijen PP, Peter JC, Fieggen AG, Vaughan CL. Level of activity and participation in adults with spastic diplegia 17-26 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Rehabil Med 2011; 43: 330-7.
48. Lazareff JA, Garcia-Mendez MA, De Rosa R, Olmstead C. Limited (L4-S1, L5-S1) selective dorsal rhizotomy for reducing spasticity in cerebral palsy. Acta Neurochir 1999; 141: 743-52.
49. McLaughlin JF, Bjornson KF, Astley SJ, et al. The role of selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy: critical evaluation of a prospective clinical series. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994; 36: 755-69.
50. Mittal S, Farmer JP, Al-Atassi B, et al. Functional performance following selective posterior rhizotomy: long-term results determined using a validated evaluative measure. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 510-8.
51. Mittal S, Farmer JP, Al-Atassi B, et al. Long-term functional outcome after selective posterior rhizotomy. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 315-25.
52. Morota N, Abbott R, Kofler M, Epstein FJ, Cohen H. Residual spasticity after selective posterior rhizotomy. Child Nerv Syst 1995; 11: 161-5.
53. Morota N. Functional posterior rhizotomy: the Tokyo experience. Childs Nerv Syst 2007; 23: 1007-14.
54. Nishida T, Thatcher SW, Marty GR. Selective posterior rhizotomy for children with cerebral palsy: a 7 year experience. Child Nerv Syst 1995; 11: 374-80.
55. Nordmark E, Josenby AL, Lagergren J, Andersson G, Stromblad LG, Westbom L. Long-term outcomes five years after selective dorsal rhizotomy. BMC Pediatr 2008; 8: 54.
56. Oki A, Oberg W, Siebert B, Plante D, Walker ML, Gooch JL. Selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with spastic hemiparesis: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010; 6: 353-8.
57. Peacock WJ, Staudt LA. Functional outcomes following selective posterior rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 1991; 74: 380-5.
58. Salame K, Ouaknine GE, Rochkind S, Constantini S, Razon N. Surgical treatment of spasticity by selective posterior rhizotomy: 30 years experience. Isr Med Assoc J 2003; 5: 543-6.
59. Staudt LA, Nuwer MR, Peacock WJ. Intraoperative monitoring during selective posterior rhizotomy: technique and patient outcome. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 97: 296-309.
60. Steinbok P, Reiner A, Beauchamp RD, Cochrane DD, Keyes R. Selective functional posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spastic cerebral palsy in children. Review of 50 consecutive cases. Pediatr Neurosurg 1992; 18: 34-42.
61. Tedroff K, Lowing K, Jacobson DNO, Astrom E. Does loss of spasticity matter? A 10-year follow-up after selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53: 724-9.
62. Thomas SS, Aiona MD, Pierce R, Piatt JH II. Gait changes in children with spastic diplegia after selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Pediatr Orthop 1996; 16: 747-52.
63. Thomas SS, Aiona MD, Buckon CE, Piatt J. Does gait continue to improve 2 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy? J Pediatr Orthop 1997; 17: 387-91.
64. Tichy M, Kraus J, Horinek D, Vaculik M. Selective posterior rhizotomy in the treatment of cerebral palsy, first experience in Czech Republic. Bratisl Lek Listy 2003; 104: 54-8.
65. Trost JP, Schwartz MH, Krach LE, Dunn ME, Novacheck TF. Comprehensive short-term outcome assessment of selective dorsal rhizotomy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008; 50: 765-71.
66. Van Schie PEM, Vermeulen RJ, Van Ouwerkerk WJR, Kwakkel G, Becher JG. Selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy to improve functional abilities: evaluation of criteria for selection. Child Nerv Syst 2005; 21: 451-7.
67. Van Schie PEM, Schothorst M, Dallmeijer AJ, et al. Short- and long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy on gross motor function in ambulatory children with spastic diplegia: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2011; 7: 557-62.
68. Yang TF, Chan RC, Wong TT, et al. Quantitative measurement of improvement in sitting balance in children with spastic cerebral palsy after selective posterior rhizotomy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 75: 348-52.
69. Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987; 67: 206-7.
70. Lance JW. Symposium synopsis. In: Feldman RG, Young RR, Keolla WP, editors. Spasticity: Disorder of Motor Control. Chicago: Yearbook Medical, 1980: 486-94.
71. Medical Research Council. Aids to the Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System, Memorandum no. 45. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1981.
72. Buckon CE, Thomas SS, Harris GE, Piatt JH Jr, Aiona MD, Sussman MD. Objective measurement of muscle strength in children with spastic diplegia after selective dorsal rhizotomy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83: 454-60.
73. Josenby AL, Wagner P, Jarnlo GB, Westbom L, Nordmark E. Motor function after selective dorsal rhizotomy: a 10-year practice-based follow-up study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54: 429-35.
74. Mugglestone MA, Eunson P, Murphy MS. Spasticity in children and young people with non-progressive brain disorders: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2012; 345: e4845.
75. Rosenbaum P. The randomized controlled trial: an excellent design, but can it address the big questions in neurodisability? (Editorial) Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52: 111.
76. Hurvitz EA, Marciniak CM, Daunter AK, et al. Functional outcomes of childhood dorsal rhizotomy in adults and adolescents with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 11: 380-8.
77. Steinbok P, Daneshvar H, Evans D, Kestle JRW. Cost analysis of continuous intrathecal baclofen versus selective functional posterior rhizotomy in the treatment of spastic quadriplegia associated with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurosurg 1995; 22: 255-65.