Diagnosis and classification of the antiphospholipid syndrome

Journal of Autoimmunity

Volumn 48-49, Issue , 2014, Pages 20-25

  Gómez Puerta, Jose A ^a,b   Cervera, Ricard ^a  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Anticardiolipin antibodies; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome; Lupus anticoagulant

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; APIXABAN; DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE; ECULIZUMAB; EDOXABAN; LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT; PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY; RITUXIMAB; RIVAROXABAN; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULATION; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; ARTICLE; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PLASMAPHERESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION;

ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT;

ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; CATASTROPHIC ILLNESS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR; PREVALENCE; REGISTRIES; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 84895874988     PISSN: 08968411     EISSN: 10959157     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Cervera R., Reverter J.C., Khamashta M.A. Antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic autoimmune diseases 2009, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
2. Cervera R., Asherson R.A., Acevedo M.L., Gomez-Puerta J.A., Espinosa G., De La Red G., et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with infections: clinical and microbiological characteristics of 100 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2004, 63:1312-1317.
3. Gomez-Puerta J.A., Cervera R., Espinosa G., Aguilo S., Bucciarelli S., Ramos-Casals M., et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with malignancies: clinical and pathological characteristics of 120 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2006, 35:322-332.
4. Gomez-Puerta J.A., Martin H., Amigo M.C., Aguirre M.A., Camps M.T., Cuadrado M.J., et al. Long-term follow-up in 128 patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: do they develop lupus?. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005, 84:225-230.
5. Asherson R.B.S., Gomez-Puerta J.A., Cervera R. History, classification, and subsets of the antiphospholipid syndrome 2009, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
6. Asherson R.A. The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. JRheumatol 1992, 19:508-512.
7. Mehrania T., Petri M. Epidemiology of the antiphospholipid syndrome 2009, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
8. Andreoli L., Chighizola C.B., Banzato A., Pons-Estel G.J., de Jesus G.R., Erkan D. The estimated frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with pregnancy morbidity, stroke, myocardial infarction, and deep vein thrombosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013.
9. Cervera R., Espinosa G., Bucciarelli S., Gomez-Puerta J.A., Font J. Lessons from the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) registry. Autoimmun Rev 2006, 6:81-84.
10. Cervera R., Bucciarelli S., Plasin M.A., Gomez-Puerta J.A., Plaza J., Pons-Estel G., et al. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS): descriptive analysis of a series of 280 patients from the "CAPS Registry". JAutoimmun 2009, 32:240-245.
11. Hughes G.R. Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease, and the lupus anticoagulant. Br Med J 1983, 287:1088-1089.
12. Petri M. Epidemiology of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. JAutoimmun 2000, 15:145-151.
13. McNeil H.P., Simpson R.J., Chesterman C.N., Krilis S.A. Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990, 87:4120-4124.
14. Galli M., Comfurius P., Maassen C., Hemker H.C., de Baets M.H., van Breda-Vriesman P.J., et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) directed not to cardiolipin but to a plasma protein cofactor. Lancet 1990, 335:1544-1547.
15. Espinosa G., Cervera R., Font J., Shoenfeld Y. Antiphospholipid syndrome: pathogenic mechanisms. Autoimmun Rev 2003, 2:86-93.
16. Giannakopoulos B., Krilis S.A. The pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:1033-1044.
17. Cervera R., Piette J.C., Font J., Khamashta M.A., Shoenfeld Y., Camps M.T., et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:1019-1027.
18. Cervera R., Khamashta M.A., Shoenfeld Y., Camps M.T., Jacobsen S., Kiss E., et al. Morbidity and mortality in the antiphospholipid syndrome during a 5-year period: a multicentre prospective study of 1000 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68:1428-1432.
19. Brandt J.T., Triplett D.A., Alving B., Scharrer I. Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. On behalf of the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the ISTH. Thromb Haemost 1995, 74:1185-1190.
20. Wilson W.A., Gharavi A.E., Koike T., Lockshin M.D., Branch D.W., Piette J.C., et al. International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1309-1311.
21. Miyakis S., Lockshin M.D., Atsumi T., Branch D.W., Brey R.L., Cervera R., et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). JThromb Haemost 2006, 4:295-306.
22. Asherson R.A., Cervera R., de Groot P.G., Erkan D., Boffa M.C., Piette J.C., et al. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines. Lupus 2003, 12:530-534.
23. Kaul M., Erkan D., Sammaritano L., Lockshin M.D. Assessment of the 2006 revised antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 2007, 66:927-930.
24. Cervera R., Font J., Gomez-Puerta J.A., Espinosa G., Cucho M., Bucciarelli S., et al. Validation of the preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2005, 64:1205-1209.
25. Ruffatti A., Calligaro A., Hoxha A., Trevisanuto D., Ruffatti A.T., Gervasi M.T., et al. Laboratory and clinical features of pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome and neonatal outcome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010, 62:302-307.
26. Otomo K., Atsumi T., Amengual O., Fujieda Y., Kato M., Oku K., et al. Efficacy of the antiphospholipid score for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome and its predictive value for thrombotic events. Arthritis Rheum 2012, 64:504-512.
27. Sciascia S., Sanna G., Murru V., Roccatello D., Khamashta M.A., Bertolaccini M.L. GAPSS: the global anti-phospholipid syndrome score. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013, 52:1397-1403.
28. Lim W., Crowther M.A., Eikelboom J.W. Management of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a systematic review. JAm Med Assoc 2006, 295:1050-1057.
29. Coloma Bazan E., Donate Lopez C., Moreno Lozano P., Cervera R., Espinosa G. Discontinuation of anticoagulation or antiaggregation treatment may be safe in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome when antiphospholipid antibodies became persistently negative. Immunol Res 2013, 56:358-361.
30. Ruiz-Irastorza G., Cuadrado M.J., Ruiz-Arruza I., Brey R., Crowther M., Derksen R., et al. Evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and long-term management of thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: report of a task force at the 13th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Lupus 2011, 20:206-218.
31. Erkan D., Vega J., Ramon G., Kozora E., Lockshin M.D. Apilot open-label phase II trial of rituximab for non-criteria manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2013, 65:464-471.
32. Berman H., Rodriguez-Pinto I., Cervera R., Morel N., Costedoat-Chalumeau N., Erkan D., et al. Rituximab use in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: descriptive analysis of the CAPS registry patients receiving rituximab. Autoimmun Rev 2013, 12:1085-1090.
33. Shapira I., Andrade D., Allen S.L., Salmon J.E. Brief report: induction of sustained remission in recurrent catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome via inhibition of terminal complement with eculizumab. Arthritis Rheum 2012, 64:2719-2723.
34. Canaud G., Kamar N., Anglicheau D., Esposito L., Rabant M., Noel L.H., et al. Eculizumab improves posttransplant thrombotic microangiopathy due to antiphospholipid syndrome recurrence but fails to prevent chronic vascular changes. Am J Transplant 2013, 13:2179-2185.
35. Alarcon-Segovia D., Boffa M.C., Branch W., Cervera R., Gharavi A., Khamashta M., et al. Prophylaxis of the antiphospholipid syndrome: a consensus report. Lupus 2003, 12:499-503.
36. Erkan D., Harrison M.J., Levy R., Peterson M., Petri M., Sammaritano L., et al. Aspirin for primary thrombosis prevention in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in asymptomatic antiphospholipid antibody-positive individuals. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:2382-2391.
37. Tincani A., Branch W., Levy R.A., Piette J.C., Carp H., Rai R.S., et al. Treatment of pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2003, 12:524-529.
38. Carmona F., Font J., Azulay M., Creus M., Fabregues F., Cervera R., et al. Risk factors associated with fetal losses in treated antiphospholipid syndrome pregnancies: a multivariate analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2001, 46:274-279.
39. Cervera R., Balasch J. The management of pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2004, 13:683-687.
40. Gomez-Puerta J.A., Cervera R. Are there additional options for the treatment of refractory obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome?. Lupus 2013, 22:754-755.
41. Grika E.P., Ziakas P.D., Zintzaras E., Moutsopoulos H.M., Vlachoyiannopoulos P.G. Morbidity, mortality, and organ damage in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. JRheumatol 2012, 39:516-523.
42. Arachchillage D.J., Cohen H. Use of new oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013, 15:331.
43. Gris J.C., Bouvier S. Antiphospholipid syndrome: looking for a refocusing. Thromb Res 2013, 131(Suppl.1):S28-S31.
44. Comarmond C., Cacoub P. Antiphospholipid syndrome: from pathogenesis to novel immunomodulatory therapies. Autoimmun Rev 2013, 12:752-757.
45. Andreoli L., Fredi M., Nalli C., Reggia R., Lojacono A., Motta M., et al. Pregnancy implications for systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. JAutoimmun 2012, 38:J197-J208.