Southeast Asia in search of an ASEAN Community: Insights from the former ASEAN Secretary-General

Southeast Asia in Search of an ASEAN Community: Insights from the former ASEAN Secretary-General

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-489

  Severino, Rodolfo C ^a  

^a National University of Singapore   (Singapore)

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EID: 84895648978     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (353)

1. Far Eastern Economic Review, 17 August 1967, p. 312.
2. Far Eastern Economic Review, 24 August 1967, p. 380.
3. New York Times, 9 August 1967.
4. A convenient summary of the development of European integration is provided by The Process of European Integration and the Draft European Constitution, a presentation before the Research Commission on the Constitution of the House of Representatives of Japan by Ambassador Bernhard Zepter, Head of Delegation of the European Commission in Japan, Tokyo, 4 March 2004.
5. Rodolfo C. Severino. "Will There be a New ASEAN in the 21st Century?", Asia Europe Journal 2, no. 2 (July 2004): 180.
6. The Bandung Declaration was issued by the Afro-Asian Conference in Bandung, Indonesia, in April 1955, which laid the foundation for the Non-Aligned Movement.
7. Verbatim Record of the Inaugural Meeting of ASEAN, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok, 8 August 1967 (ASEAN/DOC/3).
8. Collected Interviews of Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman (Bangkok: Department of Information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1967), p. 50.
9. Quoted in Adam Malik. In the Service of the Republic (Singapore: PT Gunung Agung, 1980), p. 274.
10. Amitav Acharya, Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), p. 51.
11. International Court of Justice: Judgment in the Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia), The Hague, 17 December 2002.
12. http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/imasi/imasiframe.htm.
13. http://www.itlos.org/start2_en.html.
14. Settlement Agreement: Case Concerning Land Reclamation by Singapore in and Around the Straits of Johor (Malaysia v Singapore) (http://www.mfa.gov.sg/internet/press/land/Settlement_Agreement.pdf).
15. International Court of Justice: Verbatim Record of the Public Sitting in the Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia), The Hague, 3 June 2002, p. 14.
16. http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_status_e.htm#1995.
17. http://www.aseansec.org/3669.htm.
18. I am grateful to Sonia C. Brady, Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, for bringing the draft to my attention, June 2004.
19. http://www.aseansec.org/3668.htm, paras. 53-54.
20. http://www.aseansec.org/3636.htm.
21. http://www.aseansec.org/agr_haze.pdf.
22. Keynote address at the ASEAN Community Roundtable, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 4 June 2004.
23. Joint Communique of the 37th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Jakarta, 29-30 June 2004 (http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm), para. 6.
24. http://www.aseansec.org/18030.htm.
25. Interview with Pracha Guna-Kasem, Bangkok, 2 June 2004.
26. Opening statement at the 6th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Pattaya, Thailand, 16 April 1973.
27. http://www.aseansec.org/3686.htm, para. 8.
28. http://www.aseansec.org/3685.htm, para. 8.
29. http://www.aseansec.org/1265.htm.
30. Protocol Amending the Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat (Economic Officers), Bangkok, 27 January 1983 (http://www. aseansec.org/1266.htm).
31. Protocol Amending the Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat, Bandar Seri Begawan, 4 July 1989 (http://www.aseansec.org/847.htm).
32. http://www.aseansec.org/5120.htm.
33. Protocol Amending the Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat, Manila, 22 July 1992 (http://www.aseansec.org/1198.htm).
34. Protocol Amending the Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Secretariat, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, 23 July 1997 (http://www.aseansec.org/1878.htm).
35. Much of this section is excerpted and adapted from a talk given by the author at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Singapore, 6 February 2004.
36. New York Times, 1 August 1967.
37. New York Times, 30 August 1967.
38. Interview with Nana Sutresna, Jakarta, 21 November 2003.
39. Interview with Professor S. Jayakumar, Singapore, 19 August 2003.
40. http://www.aseansec.org/5125.htm, Art. I, para. 3.
41. http://www.aseansec.org/1213.htm.
42. Amitav Acharya, Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order (London and New York: Routledge, 2001).
43. Interview with Thanat Khoman, Bangkok, 1 June 2004.
44. Philip Charrier, "ASEAN's Inheritance: The Regionalization of Southeast Asia, 1941-61", The Pacific Review 14, no. 3 (2001): 313-38.
45. http://www.aseansec.org/2086.htm, para. 3.
46. Quoted in an unclassified report of the Office of Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, to Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs, Rodolfo C. Severino, Manila, 14 May 1997.
47. http://www.aseansec.org/5141.htm.
48. Quoted by Prime Minister Khin Nyunt in a written answer to the author's question, Yangon, 27 July 2004.
49. http://www.aseansec.org/5206.htm, para. 6.
50. http://www.aseansec.org/1824.htm, para. 3.
51. Quoted in an unclassified report of the Office of Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, to Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs, Rodolfo C. Severino, Manila, 14 May 1997.
52. http://www.aseansec.org/3845.htm, para. 2.
53. http://www.aseansec.org/702.htm. Also see Appendix B.
54. Thanat Khoman, "ASEAN: Conception and Evolution" in The ASEAN Reader, compiled by K.S. Sandhu, et al. (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992), p. xviii.
55. Interview with former Minister U Ohn Gyaw, Yangon, 25 July 2004.
56. Written reply to the author's question, Yangon, 27 July 2004.
57. Interview with former Minister U Ohn Gyaw, Yangon, 25 July 2004.
58. Interview with Minister U Tin Winn, Yangon, 26 July 2004.
59. Verbatim Record of the Inaugural Meeting of ASEAN, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok, 8 August 1967 (ASEAN/DOC/3).
60. http://www.aseansec.org/1234.htm, para. 2.
61. Luu Doan Huynh, "Vietnam-ASEAN Relations in Retrospect: A Few Thoughts in Dialogue and Cooperation", in Peace and Reconciliation: Success Stories and Lessons from Asia and Europe, edited by Bertrand Fort and Norbert von Hofmann (Singapore: Asia-Europe Foundation and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Office for Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia, 2004), pp. 25-26.
62. http://www.aseansec.org/1240.htm, para. 19.
63. http://www.aseansec.org/2086.htm, para. 3.
64. Trinh Quang Thanh's presentation at the third Asia-Europe Roundtable: Peace and Reconciliation: Success Stories and Lessons in Asia and Europe, Hanoi, 20 October 2003.
65. http://www.aseansec.org/5189.htm.
66. http://www.aseansec.org/1820.htm, para. 6.
67. http://www.aseansec.org/1826.htm.
68. Phongsavath Boupha, The Evolution of the Lao State (Delhi: Konark Publishers PVT Ltd., 2002), p. 163.
69. http://www.aseansec.org/3996.htm; also compiled in Kao Kim Hourn:Cambodia's Foreign Policy and ASEAN: From Nonalignment to Engagement (Phnom Penh: Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace, 2002), pp. 497-503.
70. http://www.aseansec.org/3997.htm.
71. http://www.aseansec.org/1825.htm, para. 15.
72. Joint Press Statement of the Special Meeting of the ASEAN Foreign Ministers, Singapore, 11 August 1997.
73. http://www.aseansec.org/1816.htm.
74. http://www.aseansec.org/3918.htm.
75. http://www.aseansec.org/3933.htm, para. 14.
76. Harish C. Mehta and Julie B. Mehta, Hun Sen, Strongman of Cambodia (Singapore: Graham Brash, 1999), p. 252.
77. Kao Kim Hourn, Flexible Engagement vs. Non-Interference: ASEAN and Cambodia in Principles Under Pressure: Cambodia and ASEAN's Non-Interference Policy, edited by Kao Kim Hourn and Jeffrey A. Kaplan (Phnom Penh: Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace, 1999), pp. 67-70.
78. Compiled in Kao Kim Hourn, Cambodia's Foreign Policy and ASEAN:From Nonalignment to Engagement (Phnom Penh: Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace, 2002), pp. 531-33.
79. Reproduced in ASEAN: Narrowing the Development Gap (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2004), p. 12.
80. http://www.aseansec.org/5310.htm.
81. http://www.aseansec.org/3717.htm.
82. http://www.aseansec.org/5310.htm, para. 1.
83. http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/UntaetB.htm and http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/Untaetchrono.html.
84. http://www.asahi.com/english/international/K2001120400600.html.
85. http://www.aseansec.org/17592.htm, para. 12.
86. http://www.aseansec.org/4070.htm, para. 44.
87. http://www.aseansec.org/17592.htm, para. 24.
88. http://www.aseansec.org/2833.htm, paras. 4, 5 and 22.
89. John Funston, ASEAN and the Principle of Non-Intervention: Practice and Prospects, Trends in Southeast Asia series, March 2000, pp. 1-2 (Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies). The quotations are from K.J. Holsti, International Politics: A Framework for Analysis (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall International Edition, 1988), p. 81.
90. Quoted in New York Times, 7 February 2005.
91. Quoted in New York Times, 27 February 2005.
92. http://www.aseansec.org/4997.htm.
93. http://www.aseansec.org/14833.htm, para. 18.
94. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm.
95. Hal Hill, "An Overview of the Issues", in Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis: Origins, Lessons, and the Way Forward, edited by H.W. Arndt and Hal Hill (Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1999), pp. 1-2.
96. Karl D. Jackson, "Introduction: The Roots of the Crisis", in Asian Contagion:The Causes and Consequences of a Financial Crisis, edited by Karl D. Jackson (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1999), pp. 1-2.
97. Rodolfo C. Severino Jr., "Weathering the Storm: ASEAN's Response to the Crisis", in Severino, ASEAN Today and Tomorrow (Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat, 2002), p. 161. Also in http://www.aseansec.org/3269.htm.
98. Michael Leifer, "Regional Solutions to Regional Problems?", in Towards Recovery in Pacific Asia, edited by Gerald Segal and David S.G. Goodman (London and New York: Routledge, 2000), p. 109.
99. Hadi Soesastro, "ASEAN During the Crisis", in Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis:Origins, Lessons, and the Way Forward, edited by H. W. Arndt and Hal Hill (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1999), p. 159.
100. Stuart Harris, The Asian Regional Response to Its Economic Crisis and the Global Implications (Canberra: Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1999), p. 12.
101. T. J. Pempel, Regional Ups, Regional Downs in The Politics of the Asian Economic Crisis, edited by Pempel (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1999), p. 73.
102. Rodolfo C. Severino Jr., "The Impact of the Economic Crisis on ASEAN: A Blessing in Disguise?", in ASEAN Today and Tomorrow, edited by Severino (Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat, 2002), p. 148. Also in http://www.aseansec.org/3343.htm.
103. Manuel F. Montes, The Currency Crisis in Southeast Asia (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1998), p. 47.
104. http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/suisse.html.
105. http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/DISINTER.html.
106. Abdur R. Chowdhury, The Asian Currency Crisis: Origins, Lessons, and Future Outlook (Helsinki: United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1999), pp. 24-25.
107. http://www.aseansec.org/6331.htm.
108. http://www.aseansec.org/6347.htm.
109. http://www.aseansec.org/6331.htm, para. 4.
110. http://www.aseansec.org/6312.htm.
111. http://www.aseansec.org/17448.htm.
112. http://www.aseansec.org/18390.htm.
113. http://www.aseansec.org/12365.htm.
114. http://www.aseansec.org/8756.htm.
115. Presentation at the Regional Outlook Forum 2006 of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 5 January 2006.
116. Rodolfo C. Severino Jr., "Message", in Fire, Smoke, and Haze: The ASEAN Response Strategy, edited by S. Tahir Qadri (Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2001), p. vi.
117. Rodolfo C. Severino Jr., "Fighting the Haze: A Regional and Global Responsibility", in ASEAN Today and Tomorrow, edited by Severino (Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat, 2002), pp. 201-2. Also in http://www.aseansec.org/3328.htm.
118. David Glover and Timothy Jessup, eds., Indonesia's Fires and Haze: The Cost of Catastrophe (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and Canada:International Development Research Centre, 1999).
119. S. Tahir Qadri, ed. Fire, Smoke, and Haze: The ASEAN Response Strategy (Manila:Asian Development Bank, 2001), p. 162.
120. Statement to the World Summit on Sustainable Development: Recommendations of the World Land and Forest Fire Hazards 2002: Internationial Conference and Exhibition, 10-12 June 2002, Kuala Lumpur.
121. http://www.aseansec.org/5120.htm, para. 7.
122. http://www.aseansec.org/6083.htm, para. 3.
123. http://www.aseansec.org/6084.htm.
124. http://www.aseansec.org/8950.htm.
125. http://www.aseansec.org/8938.htm.
126. http://www.aseansec.org/agr_haze.pdf.
127. Chua Mui Hoong, A Defining Moment: How Singapore Beat SARS (Singapore:Ministry of Information, Culture and the Arts, 2004), pp. 92-95.
128. http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_04_10/en/.
129. http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_04_29/en/.
130. http://www.aseansec.org/14745.htm.
131. http://www.aseansec.org/14749.htm.
132. http://www.aseansec.org/14751.htm.
133. http://www.aseansec.org/14823.htm, para. 4.
134. World Health Organization, Avian Influenza: Assessing the Pandemic Threat (Geneva: WHO, January 2005), page 18. Much of the data in the paragraph was obtained from this publication.
135. http://www.aseansec.org/15977.htm.
136. This and related documents are in the Gerald R. Ford Library and are available also in http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB62/
137. Statement at the Third Asia-Europe Roundtable, Hanoi, 20 October 2003.
138. http://www.aseansec.org/3683.htm, para. 23.
139. http://www.aseansec.org/5206.htm, para. 8.
140. http://www.un.org/peace/etimor99/agreement/agreeFrame_Eng01.html.
141. http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/UntaetB.htm.
142. UN Security Council Resolution 1264, 15 September 1999.
143. http://www.aseansec.org/3683.htm, para. 23.
144. http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/Untaetchrono.html.
145. Domingo L. Siazon Jr., "No New Walls", keynote address at the 4th European Association for Southeast Asian Studies (EUROSEAS) Conference, Paris, 1 September 2004.
146. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc87/com-myan.htm.
147. http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/asem/asem_summits/asem5/news/ip04_1178.htm.
148. http://www.aseansec.org/3716.htm, para. 17.
149. http://www.aseansec.org/14833.htm, para. 18.
150. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm, para. 15.
151. http://www.aseansec.org/15259.htm, para. 25.
152. http://www.aseansec.org/17589.htm.
153. http://www.aseansec.org/18039.htm, para. 34.
154. Morton B. Pedersen, "The Challenges of Transition in Myanmar", in Myanmar:Beyond Politics to Social Imperatives, edited by Kyaw Yin Hlaing, Robert H. Taylor, and Tin Maung Maung Than (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005), p. 178.
155. http://www.aseansec.org/3666.htm.
156. Some of this chapter is derived, with updating, from the author's paper, Towards an ASEAN Security Community, published as part of the Trends in Southeast Asia Series (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004).
157. Quoted in Roger Irvine, "The Formative Years of ASEAN: 1967-75", in Understanding ASEAN, edited by Alison Broinowski (London: MacMillan Press, Ltd., 1982), p. 14.
158. Jusuf Wanandi, The Security Dimensions of the Asia-Pacific Region in the 1980s (Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 1979), pp. 51-52.
159. Mahathir Mohamad, Keynote Address in ASEAN at the Crossroads, edited by Noordin Sopiee, Chew Lay See and Lim Siang Jin (Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Strategic and International Studies, 1987), p. 1.
160. Thanat Khoman, "ASEAN: Conception and Evolution", in The ASEAN Reader (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992), pp. xvii-xviii.
161. Stuart Harris, The Asian Regional Response to Its Economic Crisis and the Global Implications (Canberra: Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1999), p. 11.
162. Quoted in http://www.aseansec.org/92.htm.
163. Lee Kuan Yew, From Third World to First-The Singapore Story: 1965-2000 (Singapore: Times Media Private Limited, 2000), p. 370.
164. The President's Policy Address at the General Assembly of the United Malays National Organization, Kuala Lumpur, as published in The Star, Kuala Lumpur, 23 September 2004.
165. Quoted in Donald Tracy Laird, "The Philippines in Southeast Asia: Transactions, Interactions and Conflict with Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand", doctoral dissertation for the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 1975, p. 253.
166. http://www.aseansec.org/1233.htm.
167. http://www.aseansec.org/1215.htm.
168. Inteview with Prince Norodom Sirivudh, Phnom Penh, 7 June 2003.
169. Luu Doan Huynh, "Vietnam-ASEAN Relations in Retrospect: A Few Thoughts", in Peace and Reconciliation: Success Stories and Lessons from Asia and Europe, edited by Bertrand Fort and Norbert von Hofmann (Singapore: Asia-Europe Foundation and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Office for Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia, 2004), p. 27.
170. A brief but useful account of the Sino-Soviet dimension of the Cambodian settlement is found in S.D. Muni, China's Strategic Engagement with the New ASEAN (Singapore: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, 2002), pp. 8-15.
171. Barry Wain of the Asian Wall Street Journal has a very detailed account of the plight of the Indochina asylum-seekers in The Refused: The Agony of the Indochina Refugees (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981). He places particular focus on the alleged complicity of the Vietnamese Government at one stage in the exodus.
172. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The State of the World's Refugees 2000-Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 98.
173. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The State of the World's Refugees 1993 (New York: Penguin Books, 1993), pp. 104-5.
174. http://www.aseansec.org/3676.htm.
175. http://www.aseansec.org/3675.htm.
176. W. Courtland Robinson, Terms of Refuge: The Indochinese Exodus and the International Response (London and New York: Zed Books Ltd., 1998), p. 272.
177. Tim Huxley, Indochinese Refugees as a Security Concern of the ASEAN States, 1975-81 (Canberra: Department of International Relations, Australian National University, 1983), p. 1.
178. http://www.aseansec.org/1241.htm.
179. http://www.aseansec.org/1258.htm.
180. http://www.aseansec.org/1242.htm.
181. http://www.aseansec.org/5114.htm.
182. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The State of the World's Refugees 2000-Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 99.
183. http://www.aseansec.org/3666.htm.
184. Hasjim Djalal, the prime mover of the workshop series, has an extensive and authoritative account of the workshop process and some of the important issues surrounding the South China Sea question in Preventive Diplomacy in Southeast Asia: Lessons Learned (Jakarta: The Habibie Center, 2003), pp. 38-140.
185. http://www.aseansec.org/3634.htm.
186. http://www.aseansec.org/5232.htm.
187. http://www.aseansec.org/13163.htm.
188. http://www.news.ops.gov.ph/archives2004/sect04.htm#summary.
189. http://www.aseansec.org/5120.htm.
190. http://www.aseansec.org/3617.htm.
191. http://www.aseansec.org/3618.htm.
192. http://www.aseansec.org/15159.htm.
193. http://www.aseansec.org/3742.htm.
194. http://www.aseansec.org/12000.htm.
195. http://www.aseansec.org/13230.htm.
196. http://www.aseansec.org/3612.htm.
197. http://www.aseansec.org/589.htm.
198. http://www.aseansec.org/590.htm.
199. http://www.aseansec.org/16170.htm.
200. http://www.aseansec.org/12968.htm.
201. http://www.aseansec.org/5620.htm.
202. http://www.aseansec.org/13154.htm.
203. http://www.aseansec.org/5616.htm.
204. Rodolfo C. Severino Jr., "ASEAN and India-A Partnership for Our Time", in India-ASEAN Partnership in an Era of Globalization: Reflections by Eminent Persons (New Delhi: Research and Information System for the Non-Aligned Countries and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004), p. 156;
205. Severino, ASEAN Today and Tomorrow (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2002), p. 279.
206. http://www.aseansec.org/18412.htm.
207. http://www.aseansec.org/5049.htm and http://www.aseansec.org/5053.htm.
208. http://www.aseansec.org/6105.htm.
209. Opening address by General Boonchai Bamrungphong, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, at the fifth meeting of the ASEAN Economic Ministers, Pattaya, 2 September 1977.
210. http://www.aseansec.org/1376.htm.
211. United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Regional Industrial Cooperation:Experiences and Perspectives of ASEAN and the Andean Pact (Vienna:UNIDO, 1986), p. 17. The paper was prepared by John Wong of the National University of Singapore as a UNIDO consultant in cooperation with the staff of UNIDO's Regional and Country Studies Branch and originally issued by UNIDO in August 1983.
212. Fertilizer Focus (Hampton Hill, England: FMB Publications, Ltd., September-October 2004).
213. http://www.aseansec.org/6377.htm.
214. http://www.aseansec.org/6382.htm.
215. http://www.aseansec.org/6378.htm.
216. http://www.aseansec.org/6381.htm.
217. Address at the opening of the thirteenth meeting of the ASEAN Economic Ministers, Manila, 20 May 1982.
218. Keynote address at the meeting of ASEAN Economic Ministers, Kuala Lumpur, 7 October 1991.
219. The ASEAN Free Trade Area: A Proposal (Thai discussion paper, October 1991).
220. http://www.aseansec.org/6126.htm.
221. Meeting of the ASEAN Heads of Government: Singapore, 27-28 January 1992 (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 1992), p. 27.
222. http://www.aseansec.org/5189.htm.
223. http://www.aseansec.org/7143.htm.
224. The sixth ASEAN Summit, "Statement on Bold Measures", Hanoi, 16 December 1998 (http://www.aseansec.org/8756.htm).
225. http://www.aseansec.org/12365.htm.
226. Media Statement of the Tenth ASEAN Economic Ministers Retreat, Singapore, 21 April 2004 (http://www.aseansec.org/16073.htm).
227. Protocol to Amend the Basic Agreement on the ASEAN Industrial Cooperation Scheme (http://www.aseansec.org/16333.htm).
228. J.B. Santos, "Food Security in the ASEAN: Meeting Socio-Economic, Environmental and Consumer Needs" (speech delivered at the seventh ASEAN Food Conference, Manila, 20 November 2000); text in the author's possession.
229. http://www.aseansec.org/6626.htm.
230. http://www.aseansec.org/6628.htm.
231. http://www.aseansec.org/17778.htm, para. 16.
232. http://www.aseansec.org/18009.htm.
233. http://www.aseansec.org/18005.htm.
234. As summarized in Adam Schwarz and Roland Villinger, "Integrating Southeast Asia's Economies", in The McKinsey Quarterly, no. 1 (New York: McKinsey & Company, 2004), p. 41.
235. http://www.aseansec.org/6674.htm.
236. http://www.aseansec.org/6677.htm.
237. http://www.aseansec.org/pdf/accsq_3.pdf.
238. http://www.aseansec.org/18012.htm.
239. http://www.aseansec.org/7377.htm.
240. http://www.aseansec.org/13144.htm.
241. Statement of the Ninth Meeting of ASEAN Tourism Ministers, para. 2 (http://www.aseansec.org/18184.htm).
242. Joint Media Release of the Eighth Meeting of ASEAN Tourism Ministers (http://www.aseansec.org/17091.htm).
243. Statement of the Ninth Meeting of ASEAN Tourism Ministers, para. 16 (http://www.aseansec.org/18184.htm).
244. http://www.aseansec.org/13157.htm.
245. http://www.aseansec.org/6464.htm and http://www.aseansec.org/6465.htm.
246. http://www.aseansec.org/6466.htm.
247. http://www.aseansec.org/6467.htm.
248. Joint Press Statement of the fourth meeting of the ASEAN Investment Area Ministerial Council, Hanoi, 14 September 2001 (http://www.aseansec.org/6477.htm).
249. http://www.aseansec.org/6466.htm.
250. Speech at the AFTA Seminar, Jakarta, 31 January 2002.
251. Presentation at the ASEAN Roundtable 2003: Roadmap to an ASEAN Economic Community, sponsored by the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 21 August 2003.
252. Opening address at the sixth ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Pattaya, Thailand, 16 April 1973.
253. Opening statement at the sixth ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Pattaya, Thailand, 16 April 1973.
254. http://www.aseansec.org/3685.htm.
255. http://www.aseansec.org/3674.htm.
256. Speech at the 12th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Bali, 28 June 1979.
257. Address at the meeting of the ASEAN Economic Ministers, Kuala Lumpur, 7 October 1991.
258. http://www.aseansec.org/5301.htm.
259. Speech at the ASEAN+3 "informal" summit, Manila, 28 November 1999 (http://www.aseansec.org/5289.htm).
260. http://www.aseansec.org/pdf/east_asia_vision.pdf.
261. http://www.aseansec.org/viewpdf.asp?file=/pdf/easg.pdf. A printed version, dated 4 November 2002, was made available at the ASEAN+3 Summit in Phnom Penh.
262. http://www.aseansec.org/5317.htm.
263. http://www.aseansec.org/13188.htm.
264. http://www.aseansec.org/14833.htm, para. 38.
265. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm, para. 48.
266. http://www.aseansec.org/16631.htm, para. 21.
267. Asian Wall Street Journal, 8 April 2005.
268. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/internet/.
269. Chairman's Statement of the First East Asia Summit, Kuala Lumpur, 14 December 2005 (http://www.aseansec.org/18104.htm), para. 11.
270. http://www.aseansec.org/18098.htm.
271. Straits Times, 3 January 2006. The article was reprinted in the Korea Herald, 4 January 2006.
272. http://www.aseansec.org/16245.htm.
273. http://www.aseansec.org/13185.htm.
274. http://www.aseansec.org/15647.htm.
275. http://www.china.org.cn/english/MATERIAL/15428.htm.
276. http://www.mrcmekong.org/about_us/about_us.htm.
277. Zhou Bo and Yang Weimin, "Priorities of the Greater Mekong Subregion: Issues, Strategies and Realities: Views of China's Yunnan Province", in The Greater Mekong Subregion and ASEAN: From Backwaters to Headwaters, edited by Kao Kim Hourn and Jeffrey A. Kaplan (Phnom Penh: Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace, 2000), p. 207.
278. Evelyn Goh, China in the Mekong River Basin: The Regional Security Implications of Resource Development on the Lancang Jiang (Singapore: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, July 2004), p. 2.
279. http://www.aseansec.org/3634.htm.
280. http://www.aseansec.org/5232.htm.
281. http://www.aseansec.org/13163.htm.
282. ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2005 (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2004), Tables V.7 and V.8. The figures do not include those of Laos and Vietnam, which did not make them available to the Secretariat.
283. http://www.aseansec.org/16646.htm.
284. http://www.aseansec.org/ASEAN-China-EPG.pdf.
285. Kavi Chongkittavorn, "Brotherly Engagement: India, China and ASEAN", in India-ASEAN Partnership in an Era of Globalization: Reflections by Eminent Persons (New Delhi: Research and Information System for the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004), pp. 158-59.
286. Joint Press Statement of the Meeting at Official Level Between ASEAN and India, Kuala Lumpur, 16 May 1980 (http://www.aseansec.org/5733.htm).
287. Opening address at the 13th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Kuala Lumpur, 25 June 1980.
288. http://www.aseansec.org/3679.htm.
289. India-ASEAN Partnership in an Era of Globalization: Reflections by Eminent Persons (New Delhi: Research and Information System for the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004).
290. http://www.aseansec.org/18079.htm, para. 6.
291. Domingo L. Siazon. Remarks at the opening of the ASEAN Promotion Center's symposium on ASEAN-Japan Relations in the 21st Century, Tokyo, 27 September 2000 (http://www.dfa.gov.ph/archive/speech/siazon/spasean21st. html).
292. As quoted, in English translation, in Masaharu Kohno, "In Search of Proactive Diplomacy: Increasing Japan's International Role in the 1990s", in Global Politics (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1999) (http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/1999_kohno.htm).
293. Joint Statement of the Meeting of ASEAN Heads of Government and the Prime Minister of Japan, Kuala Lumpur, 7 August 1977.
294. Sueo Sudo, Evolution of ASEAN-Japan Relations (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005), p. 35. I am indebted to this work for its account of the visits of Japanese Prime Ministers to ASEAN.
295. http://www.aseansec.org/3685.htm.
296. http://www.aseansec.org/3683.htm.
297. http://www.aseansec.org/6120.htm.
298. Edith Terry, The World Bank and Japan: How Godzilla of the Ginza and King Kong of H Street Got Hitched (Tokyo: Japan Policy Research Institute Working Paper #70, August 2000). This paper gives a comprehensive account of Japan's role in the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis.
299. http://www.aseansec.org/13190.htm.
300. http://www.aseansec.org/7672.htm.
301. http://www.aseansec.org/16811.htm.
302. http://www.aseansec.org/18063.htm.
303. http://www.aseansec.org/18082.htm, para. 6.
304. http://www.beehive.govt.nz/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=22963.
305. The Angkor Agenda: Report of the High-Level Task Force on the AFTA-CER Free Trade Area (http://www.aseansec.org/angkor_agenda.pdf ).
306. http://www.aseansec.org/947.htm.
307. http://www.aseansec.org/12780.htm.
308. Media Statement of the Tenth ASEAN Economic Ministers Retreat, Singapore, 21 April 2004.
309. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm, para. 51.
310. http://www.aseansec.org/16796.htm.
311. http://www.aseansec.org/16799.htm.
312. http://www.aseansec.org/17792.htm, paras. 4-7.
313. http://www.aseansec.org/18070.htm, para. 5.
314. These data are taken from ASEAN Statistical Pocketbook 2005 (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2005), pp. 36 and 56.
315. Joint Declaration of the Twelfth ASEAN-EU Ministerial Meeting, Singapore, 13-14 February 1997 (http://www.aseansec.org/5643.htm).
316. http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/asia/doc/com03_sea.pdf.
317. http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/asean/csp/rip_05-06_en.pdf.
318. http://www.aseansec.org/17354.htm.
319. http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/asem/asem_summits/asem5/news/ip04_1178.htm.
320. Robert Bothwell, "Eyes West: Canada and the Cold War in Asia", in Canada and the Early Cold War 1943-57, edited by Greg Donaghy (Ottawa: Canadian Government Publishing, 1998).
321. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/canada9-en.asp.
322. http://www.aseansec.org/18485.htm.
323. http://www.humansecurity.gc.ca/menu-en.asp.
324. See International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001).
325. The ASEAN Competitiveness Study is summarized in Adam Schwarz and Roland Villinger, "Integrating Southeast Asia's Economies", in The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 1 (New York: McKinsey & Company, 2004).
326. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Concept Paper on the ASEAN Economic Community (Singapore, 26 February 2003), p. 4.
327. http://www.aseansec.org/5125.htm, Art. I, para. 3.
328. http://www.aseansec.org/4924.htm.
329. http://www.aseansec.org/16654.htm.
330. http://www.aseansec.org/16754.htm.
331. Rodolfo C. Severino, Towards an ASEAN Security Community, Trends in Southeast Asia Series (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004), pp. 10-11. Some of the discussion of the ASEAN Security Community in this chapter is taken from that paper.
332. Ali Alatas, "Some Reflections on ASEAN Concord II", statement at the Regional Outlook Forum of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 7 January 2004.
333. http://www.aseansec.org/3637.htm.
334. http://www.aseansec.org/4997.htm.
335. http://www.aseansec.org/14833.htm.
336. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm.
337. Declaration of ASEAN Concord, A.6 (http://www.aseansec.org/5049.htm).
338. http://www.aseansec.org/17363.pdf.
339. Michael Richardson, A Time Bomb for Global Trade: Maritime-Related Terrorism in an Age of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2004).
340. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm, para. 52.
341. http://www.aseansec.org/18039.htm.
342. http://www.aseansec.org/5206.htm, para. 5.
343. http://www.aseansec.org/5217.htm, para. 2a.
344. http://www.aseansec.org/99.htm, "Source of Funds."
345. http://www.aseansec.org/4997.htm.
346. http://www.aseansec.org/14833.htm, para. 18.
347. http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm, para. 14.
348. http://www.aseansec.org/3666.htm, paras. 16-18. See also Chapter 3.
349. Joint Communiqué of the 37th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Jakarta, 29-30 June 2004 (http://www.aseansec.org/16192.htm), para. 6.
350. Joint Communiqué of the 38th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting,Vientiane, 26 July 2005 (http://www.aseansec.org/17592.htm), para. 6.
351. http://www.aseansec.org/18030.htm.
352. Rodolfo C. Severino, compiler, Framing the ASEAN Charter (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005), pp. 7-8.
353. http://www.aseansec.org/3637.htm.