An inquiry into the original of our ideas of beauty and virtue

An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-271

  Hutcheson, Francis ^a  

^a NONE

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References (93)

1. W. R. Scott, Francis Hutcheson, His Life,Teaching and Position in the History of Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1900; reprint, New York: A. M. Kelley, 1966)
2. Joachim Hruschka, pp. 166-69.
3. Peter Kivy, Caroline Korsmeyer, E. Michael, and M. Strasser, listed in "References and Further Reading" (p. xix of this volume).
4. William K. Frankena, Knud Haakonssen, Peter Kivy, Wolfgang Leidhold, David Fate Norton, D. D. Raphael, Jane Rendall, and William Robert Scott; still valuable as a basic bibliography is T. E. Jessop. For a wider British context, see Isabel Rivers.
5. John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, II. I. § 2; see II. IX. § 15.
6. J. V. Arregni and P. Arnau, "Shaftesbury: Father and Critic of Modern Aesthetics," British Journal of Aesthetics 34 (1994): 350-62.
7. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury, Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, ed. Philip Ayres, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1999), I, pp. 55-57, 62ff., 93-101, 196-274.
8. Stanley Grean. The term moral sense was first used by Thomas Burnet, a student of Ralph Cudworth, in his discussion of John Locke, cf. Ernest Tuveson.
9. Locke, Essay, II. XX. § 4.
10. J. Burnaby, Amor Dei: A Study of the Religion of St. Augustine (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1947)
11. V. Warnach, "Agápe, Not Eros-or Caritas," Anglican Theological Review, 37 (1955): 67-73.
12. Ceslaus Spicq, Agape` dans le Nouveau Testament: Analyse de textes, 3 vols. (Paris: Gabalda, 1958-59).
13. A good introduction is C. S. Lewis, The Four Loves, 21st ed. (Glasgow: Collins, 1981).
14. R. Cumberland, A Treatise of the Law of Nature (London: Phillips, Knapton, 1727; first edition in Latin, London, 1672), 42.
15. Wolfgang Leidhold, Ethik und Politik bei Francis Hutcheson (Freiburg, Munich: Alber, 1985), especially chaps. 6-10.
16. Hutcheson, A System of Moral Philosophy, 2 vols. (London, 1755), vol. 1, 102, and his Synopsis metaphysicae (1744), II. 2. 3, translated in Logic, Metaphysics, and the Natural Sociability of Mankind, ed. James Moore and Michael Silverthorne (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2006), 129-30.
17. On love and free will, see Ethik und Politik, 72-125.
18. Caroline Robbins and Charles Blitzer, An Immortal Commonwealth (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960)
19. J. G. A. Pocock, ed., The PoliticalWorks of James Harrington (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).
20. Hutcheson, A System of Moral Philosophy, 2 vols. (Glasgow: Foulis, 1755), vol. 2, 308.
21. Virgil, Aeneid, bk. 4, l. 34, in Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid I-VI, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, revised ed., Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935).
22. E. H. Olmsted, "The 'Moral Sense' Aspects of Aristotle's Ethical Theory," American Journal of Philology 69 (1948): 42-61.
23. Plotinus, On Beauty (Ennead I. 6).
24. Arregni, J. V., and P. Arnau. "Shaftesbury: Father and Critic of Modern Aesthetics." British Journal of Aesthetics 34 (1994): 350-62.
25. Blackstone,William T. Francis Hutcheson and Contemporary Ethical Theory. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1965.
26. Bredvold, Louis J. "The Invention of the Ethical Calculus." In The Seventeenth Century: Studies in the History of English Thought and Literaturefrom Bacon to Pope, by Richard Foster Jones and Others,Writing in His Honour, 165-80. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1951.
27. Campbell, Roy H., and Andrew S. Skinner, eds. The Origins and Nature of the Scottish Enlightenment. Edinburgh: J. Donald, 1982.
28. Carey, Daniel. Locke, Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson: Contesting Diversity in the Enlightenment and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
29. Crescenzo, Giovanni de. Francis Hutcheson e il suo tempo. Turin:Taylor, 1968.
30. Cumberland, Richard. A Treatise of the Law of Nature. Ed. Jon Parkin. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2005.
31. Frankena,William K. "Hutcheson's Moral Sense Theory." Journal of the History of Ideas 16 (1955): 356-75.
32. Grean, Stanley. Shaftesbury's Philosophy of Religion and Ethics: A Study of Enthusiasm. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1967.
33. Haakonssen, Knud. Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
34. Hruschka, Joachim. "The Greatest Happiness Principle and Other Early German Anticipations of Utilitarian Theory." Utilitas 3 (1991): 165-77.
35. Jensen, Henning. Motivation and the Moral Sense in Francis Hutcheson's Ethical Theory. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1971.
36. Jessop, T. E. Bibliography of David Hume and of Scottish Philosophy. London: A. Brown and Sons, 1938.
37. Kail, P. J. E. "Hutcheson's Moral Sense: Realism, Scepticism and Secondary Qualities." History of Philosophy Quarterly 18 (2001): 57-77.
38. Kivy, Peter. The Seventh Sense: A Study of Francis Hutcheson's Aesthetics and Its Influence in Eighteenth-Century Britain. 2nd rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
39. Korsmeyer, Carolyn Wilker. "The Two Beauties: A Perspective on Hutcheson's Aesthetics." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 38 (1979/80): 145-51.
40. Leidhold,Wolfgang. Ethik und Politik bei Francis Hutcheson. Freiburg, Munich: Alber, 1985.
41. McCosh, James. The Scottish Philosophy, Biographical, Expository, Critical, from Hutcheson to Hamilton. London: Macmillan, 1875. Reprint, Hildesheim: Olm, 1966.
42. Michael, E. "Francis Hutcheson on Aesthetic Perception and Aesthetic Pleasure." British Journal of Aesthetics 24 (1984): 241-55.
43. Moore, James. "The Two Systems of Francis Hutcheson: On the Origins of the Scottish Enlightenment." In Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, edited by M. A. Stewart, 39-59. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
44. Moore, James. "Utility and Humanity: The Quest for the Honestum in Cicero, Hutcheson and Hume." Utilitas 14 (2002): 365-86.
45. Norton, David Fate. "Francis Hutcheson in America." Studies onVoltaire and the Eighteenth Century 154 (1976): 1547-68.
46. Norton, David Fate. "Hutcheson on Perception and Moral Perception." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 59, no. 2 (1977): 181-97.
47. Raphael, David Daiches. The Moral Sense. London: Oxford University Press, 1947.
48. Rendall, Jane, ed. The Origins of the Scottish Enlightenment 1706-76. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1978.
49. Rivers, Isabel. Reason, Grace, and Sentiment: A Study of the Language of Religion and Ethics in England 1660-1780. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, 2000.
50. Robbins, Caroline. The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman. Indianapolis, Ind.: Liberty Fund, 2004.
51. Robbins, Caroline. "'When It Is That Colonies May Turn Independent': An Analysis of the Environment and Politics of Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746)."William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 11 (1954): 214-51.
52. Roberts, T. A. The Concept of Benevolence. London, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1973.
53. Scott, William Robert. Francis Hutcheson, His Life, Teaching and Position in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900. Reprint, New York: A. M. Kelley, 1966.
54. Sloan, Douglas. The Scottish Enlightenment and the American College Ideal. New York: Teachers College Press, 1971.
55. Stephen, Leslie. History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century. 3rd ed. 2 vols. London: Murray, 1927.
56. Strasser, M. "Hutcheson on Aesthetic Perception." Philosophia 21 (1991/ 1992): 107-18.
57. Turco, Luigi. "Sympathy and Moral Sense: 1725-1740." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 7 (1999): 79-101.
58. Tuveson, Ernest. "The Origins of the 'Moral Sense.' " Huntington Library Quarterly 11 (1947-48): 241-59.
59. White, Morton. The Philosophy of the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
60. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), 136.
61. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), 450.
62. Paradise Lost, Book 8.
63. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), 138.
64. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), Satires, II.vi.72-76, p. 216.
65. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, London, 1651, pt. 1, chaps. 14, 15.
66. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, London, 1690, bk. 4, chap. 28
67. John Calvin, Commentaries on the Bible, vol. 13, pt. 2
68. Here Hutcheson probably thinks of Shaftesbury (Inquiry Concerning Virtue, bk. 1, pt. 2, sect. 1).
69. Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, act 2, scene 2, verse 562: "What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba . . . ?"
70. Thomas Hobbes, De Cive, chap. 1, and Bernard Mandeville, Enquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue (in the second edition of The Fable of the Bees, 1723).
71. Hutcheson used the third edition of Mandeville's Fable of the Bees, London, 1724 (ed. F. B. Kaye, 2 vols., Oxford, 1924, vol. 2, p. 393); the text is not a quotation but a paraphrase of Mandeville.
72. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough,LoebClassical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), p. 398. The correct location of the text is not Ep. 1. Lib. 2, but Ep. 2. Lib. 1. v. 31.
73. Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, ed. F. B. Kaye, 2 vols. (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1988), vol. 1, p. 75.
74. Fable of the Bees, Page 68, 3d Ed.
75. Mandeville, Fable of the Bees, ed. Kaye, vol. 1, p. 75.
76. George Berkeley's Passive Obedience (1712) was criticized by the Molesworth circle. See The Works of George Berkeley, ed. A. A. Luce and T. E. Jessop (London, 1953), vol. 4, pp. 17-46, and the editors' introduction, pp. 3-11.
77. Cesare Beccaria (1738-94) in the introduction to his work Dei dilitti e delle pene (Livorno, 1764).
78. Jeremy Bentham calls it the "principle of utility" compare with the title of chapter 1 of An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (London,1789), ed. H. L. A. Hart (London: Athlone, 1970), p. 11.
79. Concerning Solon, Hutcheson refers to a passage in Sextus Empiricus, Pyrrhoneion Hypotypóseon, Book III, 211, in Sextus Empiricus, ed. R. G. Bury, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961), vol. 1, p. 267, reporting that the father had been allowed to kill his son.
80. Lycurgus's law on killing of the weak and malformed is mentioned in Plutarch's Lives, ed. B. Perrin, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), vol. 1, p. 255.
81. Ld. Shaftesbury, Vol. i. p. 346, 7, 8, 9, &c.
82. Ld. Shaftesbury's Essay on Wit and Humour, Part iii. Sect. ii. Vol. 1. p. 110.
83. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), pp. 286-87.
84. Author of the Fable of the Bees, Pag. 37. 3d Ed.
85. Mandeville, Fable of the Bees, ed. Kaye, vol. 1, p. 51.
86. See the Fable of the Bees, Page 38. 3d. Ed.
87. Mandeville, Fable of the Bees, ed. Kaye, vol. 1, p. 52.
88. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970), p. 210.
89. Homer, Iliad 2. v. 356, 590.
90. Horace, Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, p. 476.
91. Samuel Clarke, Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion (1706), chap. 1, sects. 3, 4, 6, in D. D. Raphael, British Moralists 1650-1800 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), 199-214.
92. Hobbes, Leviathan, pt. 1, chaps. 13, 14, 15; pt. 2, chap. 17.
93. The EnglishWorks of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; now first collected and edited by SirWilliam Molesworth, vol. 3 (London, 1839; Scientia Verlag Aalen, 1966).