Discriminative ability of the three functional tests in independent ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury who walked with and without ambulatory assistive devices

Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 212-217

  Saensook, Wilairat ^a,b   Poncumhak, Puttipong ^a,c   Saengsuwan, Jiamjit ^a   Mato, Lugkana ^a   Kamruecha, Worawan ^a   Amatachaya, Sugalya ^a  

^a KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^b KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PHAYAO   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Balance; Functional assessment; Muscle strength; Walking; Walking device

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CANE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; CRUTCH; FEMALE; FIVE TIMES SIT TO STAND TEST; FUNCTION TEST; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TEN METER WALK TEST; TIMED UP AND GO TEST; WALKER; WALKING AID;

BALANCE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; MUSCLE STRENGTH; WALKING; WALKING DEVICE;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE STRENGTH; ORTHOPEDIC EQUIPMENT; OUTPATIENTS; POSTURAL BALANCE; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; WALKING;

EID: 84895562545     PISSN: 10790268     EISSN: 20457723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000139     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Burns SP, Golding DG, Rolle WA, Jr., Graziani V, Ditunno JF, Jr. Recovery of ambulation in motor-incomplete tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78(11): 1169-72.
2. Crozier K, Graziani V, Ditunno J, Herbison G. Spinal cord injury: prognosis for ambulation base on sensory examination in patients who are initially motor complete. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991; 72(2): 119-21.
3. Brotherton SS, Krause JS, Nietert PJ. Falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2007;45(1): 37-40.
4. Brotherton SS, Saunders LL, Krause JS, Morrisette DC. Association between reliance on devices and people for walking and ability to walk community distances among persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2012;35(3): 156-61.
5. Haubert LL, Gutierrez DD, Newsam CJ, Gronley JK, Mulroy SJ, Perry J. A comparison of shoulder joint forces during ambulation with crutches versus a walker in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(1): 63-70.
6. Lapointe R, Lajoie Y, Serresse O, Barbeau H. Functional community ambulation requirements in incomplete spinal cord injured subjects. Spinal Cord 2001;39(6): 327-35.
7. Bateni H, Maki BE. Assistive devices for balance and mobility: benefits, demands, and adverse consequences. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(1): 134-45.
8. Ulkar B, Yavuzer G, Guner R, Ergin S. Energy expenditure of the paraplegic gait: comparison between different walking aids and normal subjects. Int J Rehabil Res 2003;26(3): 213-7.
9. Koh ES, Williams AJ, Povlsen B. Upper-limb pain in long-term poliomyelitis. QJM 2002;95(6): 389-95.
10. Mahoney JE, Sager MA, Jalaluddin M. Use of an ambulation assistive device predicts functional decline associated with hospitalization. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999;54(2):M83-8.
11. Smidt GL, Mommens MA. System of reporting and comparing influence of ambulatory aids on gait. Phys Ther 1980;60(5): 551-8.
12. Cardenas DD, Hoffman JM, Kirshblum S, McKinley W. Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: a multicenter analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85(11): 1757-63.
13. Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS, Sie I. Motor and sensory recovery following incomplete tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75(3): 306-11.
14. Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS, Sie I. Motor and sensory recovery following incomplete paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75(1): 67-72.
15. Amatachaya S, Amatachaya P, Keawsutthi M, Siritaratiwat W. External cues benefit walking ability of ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. doi: 10.1179/ 2045772312Y.0000000086 [Epub ahead of print]. 2013 [updated 2013 April; cited 2013 April 26]. Available from http://www.spinal cord.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=116979.
16. Phonthee S, Saengsuwan J, Amatachaya S. Falls in independent ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury: incidence, associated factors and levels of ability. Spinal Cord 2013;51(5): 365-8.
17. Jackson AB, Carnel CT, Ditunno JF, Read MS, Boninger ML, Schmeler MR, et al. Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population. J Spinal Cord Med 2008; 31(5): 487-99.
18. Lord SR, Murray SM, Chapman K, Munro B, Tiedemann A. Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57(8):M539-43.
19. Whitney SL, Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF, Gee MA, Redfern MS, Furman JM. Clinical measurement of sit-to-stand performance in people with balance disorders: validity of data for the Five- Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. Phys Ther 2005;85(10): 1034-45.
20. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39(2): 142-8.
21. Poncumhak P, Saengsuwan J, Kamruecha W, Amatachaya S. Reliability and validity of three functional tests in ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2013;51(3): 214-7.
22. van Hedel HJ, Wirz M, Dietz V. Standardized assessment of walking capacity after spinal cord injury: the European network approach. Neurol Res 2008;30(1): 61-73.
23. Bohannon RW. Sit-to-stand test for measuring performance of lower extremity muscles. Percept Mot Skills 1995;80(1): 163-6.
24. Mong Y, Teo TW, Ng SS. 5-repetition sit-to-stand test in subjects with chronic stroke: reliability and validity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91(3): 407-13.
25. Joyce BM, Kirby RL. Canes, crutches and walkers. Am Fam Physician 1991;43(2): 535-42.
26. Melis EH, Torres-Moreno R, Barbeau H, Lemaire ED. Analysis of assisted-gait characteristics in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1999;37(6): 430-9.
27. Anglin C, Wyss UP. Arm motion and load analysis of sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, cane walking and lifting. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2000;15(6): 441-8.
28. Eriksrud O, Bohannon RW. Relationship of knee extension force to independence in sit-to-stand performance in patients receiving acute rehabilitation. Phys Ther 2003;83(6): 544-51.
29. van Hedel HJ, Dietz V, Curt A. Assessment of walking speed and distance in subjects with an incomplete spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21(4): 295-301.
30. Wretenberg P, Arborelius UP. Power and work produced in different leg muscle groups when rising from a chair. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;68(5): 413-7.
31. Mancini M, Horak FB. The relevance of clinical balance assessment tools to differentiate balance deficits. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2010;46(2): 239-48.
32. van Iersel MB, Munneke M, Esselink RA, Benraad CE, Olde Rikkert MG. Gait velocity and the Timed-Up-and-Go test were sensitive to changes in mobility in frail elderly patients. J Clin Epidemiol 2008;61(2): 186-91.