Rites of August First: Emancipation Day in the Black Atlantic world

Rites of August First: Emancipation Day in the Black Atlantic World

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-272

  Kerr Ritchie, Jeffrey R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84895149527     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (272)

1. Anderson, Osborne P. A Voice from Harper's Ferry. New York: World View Forum, 2000.
2. Andrews, William L., ed. North Carolina Slave Narratives: The Lives of Moses Roper, Lunsford Lane, Moses Grandy, and Thomas H. Jones. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
3. Anti-Slavery Society of Canada. First Annual Report Presented to the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada by its Executive Committee. Toronto: Brown's Printing Establishment, 1852.
4. Aptheker, Herbert, ed. A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States. New York: Citadel Press, 1951.
5. Banks, Robert. An Oration, Delivered at a Celebration in Detroit of the Abolition of Slavery in the West Indies, Held by Colored Americans, August 1, 1839. Detroit: Harsha and Bates, 1839.
6. Barton, Bonnie. The Bow in the cloud; or, The Negro's memorial: A collection of original contributions, in prose and verse, illustrative of the evils of slavery, and commemorative of its abolition in the British colonies. London: Jackson and Walford, 1834.
7. Basker, James G., ed. Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery, 1660-1810. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
8. Beman, Amos Gerry. Address Delivered at the Celebration of the West India Emancipation, in Davis Hall, Hudson, New York, on Monday, Aug. 2, 1847. Troy, N.Y.: J. C. Kneeland and Co. Steam Press, 1847.
9. Bibb, Henry. The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb: An American Slave. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001.
10. Bibb, Henry. Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb: An American Slave, Written by Himself. Reproduced online: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bibb/menu.html
11. Bleby, Henry. Speech of Rev. Henry Bleby, Missionary From Barbados, on the Results of Emancipation in the British West Indies Colonies, delivered at the Celebration of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society held at Island Grove, July 31st, 1858. Boston: R. F. Wallcut, 1858.
12. British Parliamentary Papers. Report of the Select Committee on the Extinction of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions, 1831-1832. Vol. 2. Shannon: Irish University Press, 1968.
13. British Parliamentary Papers. Papers in Explanation of Measures adopted for Giving Effect to the Abolition of Slavery Act, 1835. Shannon: Irish University Press, 1968.
14. Brown, William J. Life of William J. Brown, of Providence, R.I.; With Personal Recollections of Incidents in Rhode Island. Providence: Angell and Co., 1883.
15. Carlyle, Thomas. "The Nigger Question." In Carlyle's Complete Works. Albany, N.Y.:James B. Lyon and Co., 1887.
16. Channing, William E. Dr. Channing's last Address, delivered at Lenox, on the First of August, 1842, the anniversary of emancipation in the British West Indies. Boston: Oliver Johnson, 1842.
17. Collins, John A. The Anti-Slavery Picknick: A Collection of Speeches, Poems, Dialogues and Songs. Boston: H. W. Williams, 1842.
18. Cox, Francis A. History of the Baptist Missionary Society from 1792 to 1842. 2 vols. London:T. Ward, 1842.
19. Day, Charles W. Five Years' Residence in the West Indies. 2 vols. London: Colburn and Co., 1852.
20. Dickson, Moses. Manual of the International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor, containing general laws, regulations, ceremonies, drill, and a Taborian lexicon. St. Louis, Mo.:A. R. Fleming, 1891.
21. Douglass, Frederick. The Frederick Douglass Papers. Series 1, Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, vol. 3. Edited by John W. Blassingame et al. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
22. Drew, Benjamin. A North-Side of Slavery. The Refugee: or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada Related by Themselves, with an Account of the History and Condition of the Colored Population of Upper Canada. Boston: J. P. Jewett and Company, 1856. Reproduced online: http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/drew/menu.html.
23. Edwards, John P. The Internationalization of Emancipation Day. Brooklyn: Caribbean Historical Society, n.d.
24. Emerson, Ralph W. An Address delivered in the Court-House in Concord, Massachusetts, on August 1st, 1844: On the Anniversary of the Emancipation. Boston: James Munroe, 1844.
25. Faust, Drew Gilpin., ed. The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
26. Ferguson, Moira. The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.
27. Garnet, Henry H. "Eulogy of John Brown, New York City, 1859." In Let Your Motto Be Resistance: The Life and Thought of Henry Highland Garnet, edited by Earl Ofari. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972.
28. Garrison, William L. West India Emancipation. Speech of William Lloyd Garrison, delivered at Abington, Mass., on the First day of August, 1854. Boston: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1854.
29. Levine, Robert S., ed. Martin R. Delany: A Documentary Reader. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
30. Long, Edward. The History of Jamaica, or, General survey of the ancient and modern state of that Island. London: T. Lowndes, 1774.
31. Marshall, Woodville K., ed. The Colhurst Journal: Journal of a Special Magistrate in the Islands of Barbados and St. Vincent. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1977.
32. Noonan, Barry, ed. Blacks in Canada, 1861: Censuses of Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000.
33. Pease, Zephaniah W., ed. The Diary of Samuel Rodman, 1829-1859. New Bedford, Mass., 1927.
34. Pennington, James W. C. The Reasonableness of the Abolition of Slavery at the South: An Address Delivered at Hartford, Connecticut, August 1856. Hartford, Conn.: Case Tiffany, 1856.
35. Pennington, James W. C. A Text Book of the Origin and History, &c. &c. of the Colored People. Hartford, Conn.: L. Skinner, 1841.
36. Pennington, James W. C. West Indian Emancipation Address at Newark, August 1, 1839. Newark: Aaron Guest, 1839.
37. Phillippo, James Mursell. Jamaica: Its Past and Present State. Philadelphia: J. M. Campbell and Co., 1843.
38. Ripley, C. Peter. ed. The Black Abolitionist Papers. 5 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985-92.
39. Saunders, Frederick, ed. Our National Centennial Jubilee: Orations, Addresses, and Poems Delivered on the Fourth of July, 1876 in the Several States of the Union. New York: E. B. Treat, 1877.
40. Taylor, Clare. British and American Abolitionists: An Episode in Transatlantic Understanding. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1974.
41. Thome, James A. Emancipation in the West Indies. A Six Months' Tour in Antigua, Barbadoes, and Jamaica in the year 1837. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838.
42. Walker, David. Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Edited by Peter P. Hinks. University Park: Penn State University Press, 1996.
43. Ward, Samuel Ringgold. Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro: His Anti-Slavery Labours in the United States, Canada and England. London: John Snow, 1855.
44. Ward, Samuel Ringgold. Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro. New York: Arno Press, 1968.
45. Watkins, William J. "Our Rights as Men. An Address Delivered in Boston, Before the Legislative Committee on the Militia, Feb ru ary 24, 1853." In Negro Protest Pamphlets: A Compendium, edited by Dorothy Porter, 2-21. New York: Arno Press, 1969.
46. Woodson, Carter G. Negro Orators and Their Orations. Washington, D.C.: Associated Publishers, 1925.
47. Wright, Richardson. Revels in Jamaica, 1682-183. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1937; New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.
48. Aching, Gerard. Masking and Power: Carnival and Popular Culture in the Caribbean. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
49. Allen, James S. Reconstruction: The Battle for Democracy, 1865-1877. New York: International Publishers, 1937.
50. Anderson, Jervis. "England in Jamaica: Memories from a Colonial Boyhood." American Scholar 69, no. 2, (Spring 2000), 15-30.
51. Aptheker, Herbert. Essays in the History of the American Negro. New York: International Publishers, 1964.
52. Armstrong, James C., and Nigel A. Worden. "The Slaves, 1652-1834." In The Shaping of South African Society, 1652-1840, edited by Richard Elphick and Hermann Giliomee, 109-83. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1989.
53. Ashe, S. A., and Lyon G. Tuler. "Secession, Insurrection of the Negroes, and Northern Incendarism." Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine (1933).
54. Austin-Broos, Diane J. "Rede fin ing the Moral Order: Interpretations of Christianity in Postemancipation Jamaica." In The Meaning of Freedom: Economics, Politics, and Culture after Slavery, edited by Frank McGlynn and Seymour Drescher, 221-43. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.
55. Baraka, Imamu Amiri. Blues People: Negro Music in White America. New York: W. Morrow, 1963.
56. Barker, Anthony J. Captain Charles Stuart: Anglo-American Abolitionist. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.
57. Bell, Howard H. "National Negro Conventions of the Middle 1840s: Moral Suasion vs. Political Action." Journal of Negro History 42, no. 4, (October 1957), 247-60.
58. Bell, Howard H. "Negroes in California, 1849-1859." Phylon 28, no. 2, (1967), 151-60.
59. Berlin, Ira, et al. Freedom's Soldiers: The Black Military Experience in the Civil War. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998.
60. Berlin, Ira, et al. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
61. Bernal, Martin. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilizatio. Vol. 1: The Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987.
62. Bilby, Kenneth. "Gumbay, Myal, and the Great House: New Evidence on the Religious Background of Jonkonnu in Jamaica." African Caribbean Institute of Jamaica Research Review 4 (1999), 47-70.
63. Blackburn, Robin. The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492-1800. London: Verso, 1997.
64. Blackburn, Robin. The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848. London: Verso, 1988.
65. Blackett, R. J. M. Beating against the Barriers: The Lives of Six Nineteenth-Century Afro-Americans. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
66. Blackett, R. J. M. Building an Antislavery Wall: Black Americans in the Atlantic Abolitionist Movement, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983.
67. Blackett, R. J. M. " 'Freedom, or the Martyr's Grave': Black Pittsburgh's Aid to the Fugitive Slave." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 61 (1978), 117-34.
68. Braisted, Todd W. "The Black Pioneers and Others: The Military Role of Black Loyalists in the American War for Independence." In Moving On: Black Loyalists in the Afro-Atlantic World, edited by John W. Pulis, 3-38. New York: Garland, 1999.
69. Bramble, Linda. Black Fugitive Slaves in Early Canada. St. Catherines, Ont.: Vanwell Press, 1988.
70. Brereton, Bridget. "The Birthday of Our Race: A Social History of Emancipation Day in Trinidad, 1838-88." In Trade, Government and Society in Caribbean History, 1700-1920, edited by Barry Higman, 69-83. Kingston, Jamaica: Heinemann, 1983.
71. Brown, Martha A. "Clothing." In Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery, edited by Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, 117-21. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.
72. Buckley, Roger Norman. The British Army in the West Indies: Society and the Military in the Revolutionary Age. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998.
73. Burke, Ronald K. Samuel Ringgold Ward, Christian Abolitionist. New York: Garland, 1995.
74. Burn, W. L. Emancipation and Apprenticeship in the British West Indies. London: J. Cape, 1937.
75. Cahill, Barry. "The Black Loyalist Myth in Atlantic Canada." Acadiensis 29, no. 1, (Autumn 1999), 76-87.
76. Campbell, Susan. "Carnival, Calypso, and Class Struggle in Nineteenth Century Trinidad." History Workshop Journal 26 (1988), 1-27.
77. Carter, George E., and C. Peter Ripley, et al., eds. Black Abolitionist Papers, 1830-1865:A Guide to the Microfilm Edition. New York: Microfilming Corp., 1981.
78. Cecelski, David S. "Abraham H. Galloway: Wilmington's Lost Prophet and the Rise of Black Radicalism in the American South." In Time Longer Than Rope: A Century of African American Activism, 1850-1950, edited by Charles M. Payne and Adam Green. New York: New York University Press, 2003.
79. Cimprich, John. Slavery's End in Tennessee, 1861-1865. University: University of Alabama Press, 1985.
80. Coles, Howard W. The Cradle of Freedom: A History of the Negro in Rochester, Western New York and Canada. Rochester, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1943.
81. Colley, Linda. Britons: Forging the Nation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
82. Collison, Gary. " 'Loyal and Dutiful Subjects of her Gracious Majesty, Queen Victoria':Fugitive Slaves in Montreal, 1850-1866." Quebec Studies 19 (1994-95):59-70.
83. Coury, Ralph M. "A New Aryanism?" Mediterranean Quarterly 5, no. 3, (Summer 1994), 42-56.
84. Cox, Edward. "From Slavery to Freedom: Emancipation and Apprenticeship in Grenada and St. Vincent, 1834-1838." In Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in the Diaspora, edited by Darlene Clark Hine and Jacqueline McLeod. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
85. Craton, Michael. Empire, Enslavement and Freedom in the Caribbean. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 1997.
86. Craton, Michael. Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.
87. Curtin, Philip D. Two Jamaicas: The Role of Ideas in a Tropical Colony, 1830-1865. New York: Negro University Press, 1968.
88. Davis, David Brion. Challenging the Boundaries of Slavery. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.
89. Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970.
90. Davis, David Brion. Religion, Moral Values, and Our Heritage of Slavery. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
91. Davis, Susan G. Parades and Power: Street Theatre in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia. Philadelphia:Temple University Press, 1986.
92. De Caro, Louis A., Jr. "Fire from the Midst of You": A Religious Life of John Brown. New York: New York University Press, 2002.
93. Dirks, Robert. The Black Saturnalia: Conflict and Its Ritual Expression on British West Indian Slave Plantations. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1987.
94. Dixon, Chris. African America and Haiti: Emigration and Black Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000.
95. Donald, David H., Jean H. Baker, and Michael F. Holt. The Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Norton, 2001.
96. Dostoyevsky, Fydor. Crime and Punishment. New York: Everyman's Library, 1977.
97. Douglass, R. Alan. Uppermost Canada: The Western District and the Detroit Frontier, 1800-1850. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2001.
98. Du Bois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880. New York: Atheneum Press, 1992.
99. Esedebe, P. Olisanwuche. Pan-Africanism: The Idea and Movement, 1776-1991. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1994.
100. Fabre, Geneviève. "African-American Commemorative Celebrations in the Nineteenth Century." In History & Memory in African-American Culture, edited by Geneviève Fabre and Robert O'Meally, 72-91. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
101. Federal Writers' Project. Massachusetts: A Guide to Its Places and People. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1937.
102. Fenn, Elizabeth A. " 'A Perfect Equality Seemed to Reign': Slave Society and Jonkonnu." North Carolina Historical Review 65, no. 2, (April 1988), 127-53.
103. Fick, Carolyn E. The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. Knoxville:University of Tennessee Press, 1990.
104. Figes, Orlando, and Boris Kolonitski. Interpreting the Russian Revolution: The Language and Symbols of 1917. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
105. Findlay, G. G., and W. W. Holdsworth. The History of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society. Vol. 1. London: Epworth Press, 1922.
106. Finkelman, Paul, ed. Articles on American Slavery. Vol. 6: Fugitive Slaves. New York:Garland, 1992.
107. Fitzgerald, Michael. The Union League Movement in the Deep South: Politics and Agricultural Change during Reconstruction. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
108. Fitzgerald, Michael. Urban Emancipation: Popular Politics in Reconstruction Mobile. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
109. Foner, Eric. Nothing but Freedom: Emancipation and Its Legacy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983.
110. Foner, Eric. Who Owns History? Rethinking the Past in a Changing World. New York: Hill and Wang, 2002.
111. Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfin ished Revolution. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
112. Foster, R. F. Modern Ireland, 1600-1972. London: Penguin, 1989.
113. Foster, R. F. Paddy and Mr. Punch: Connections in Irish and English History. London: Penguin, 1993.
114. Franklin, John Hope, and Loren Schweninger. Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
115. Freehling, William L. The Road to DisUnion: Secessionists at Bay, 1776-1854. New York:Oxford University Press, 1990.
116. Fuke, Richard Paul. Imperfect Equality: African Americans and the Confines of White Racial Attitudes in Post-Emancipation Maryland. New York: Fordham University Press, 1999.
117. Gaspar, David B. Bondmen & Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Antigua. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.
118. Gaspar, David B., and David P. Geggus. A Turbulent Time: The French Revolution and the Greater Caribbean. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
119. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., and William L. Andrews. Pioneers of the Black Atlantic: Five Slave Narratives from the Enlightenment 1772-1815. Washington, D.C.: Civitas, 1998.
120. Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
121. Geiss, Imanuel. The Pan-African Movement: A History of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa. New York: African Publishing Co., 1974.
122. Gerber, David A. Black Ohio and the Color Line, 1860-1915. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
123. Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. One-Volume Abridgment by Dero A. Saunders. London: Penguin, 1982.
124. Gilje, Paul L. The Road to Mobocracy: Popular Disorder in New York City, 1763-1834. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
125. Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1993.
126. Glaude, Eddie S. Exodus: Religion, Race and Nation in Early 19th Century Black America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
127. Glick, Wendell P. "Thoreau and the Herald of Freedom." New England Quarterly 22, no. 2, (June 1949), 193-204.
128. Gomez, Michael A. Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
129. Gravely, William B. "The Dialectic of Double-Consciousness in Black American Freedom Celebrations, 1808-1863." Journal of Negro History 67, no. 4, (Winter 1982), 302-17.
130. Green, William A. British Slave Emancipation: The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
131. Greenberg, Kenneth S. The Confessions of Nat Turner and Related Documents. Boston:Bedford Books, 1996.
132. Gregg, Robert. Inside Out, Outside In: Essays in Comparative History. London: St. Martin's Press, 2000.
133. Grover, Kathryn. The Fugitive's Gibraltar: Escaping Slaves and Abolitionism in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
134. Hahn, Steven. A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.
135. Hall, Catherine. Civilizing Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination 1830-1867. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
136. Harding, Vincent. There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. New York:Oxford University Press, 1980.
137. Harris, Joseph E., ed. Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora. Washington, D.C.:Howard University Press, 1993.
138. Harris, Leslie M. In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
139. Harris, Tim. London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II: Propaganda and Politics from the Restoration until the Exclusion Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
140. Harrison, Mark. Crowds and History: Mass Phenomena in English Towns, 1790-1835. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
141. Harrold, Stanley. Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, D.C., 1828-1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
142. Heuman, Gad. "Riots and Resistance in the Caribbean at the Moment of Freedom." Slavery and Abolition 21 (September 2000), 135-49.
143. Higman, Barry. "Slavery Remembered: The Celebration of Emancipation in Jamaica." Journal of Caribbean History 12 (1979), 55-74.
144. Hill, Daniel G. The Freedom-Seekers: Blacks in Early Canada. Agincourt, Canada: Book Society of Canada, 1981.
145. Hill, Daniel G. "Negroes in Toronto, 1793-1865." Ontario History 55 (1963), 73-91.
146. Hill, Hilda A. "Henry Bibb, the Colonizer." Negro History Bulletin (n.d.): 148.
147. Hine, Darlene Clark, and Jacqueline McLeod, eds. Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in the Diaspora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
148. Hite, Roger W. "Voice of a Fugitive: Henry Bibb and Ante-bellum Black Separatism." Journal of Black Studies 4, no. 3, (March 1974), 269-84.
149. Hobsbawn, Eric, and Terence Ranger, eds. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
150. Hodges, Graham Russell. Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613-1863. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
151. Holt, Thomas. The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
152. Honour, Hugh. The Image of the Black in Western Art. 4 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989.
153. Horton, James O. and Lois E. Horton. Black Bostonians: Family Life and Community Struggle in the Antebellum North. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979.
154. Horton, James O. and Lois E. Horton. In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community and Protest among Northern Blacks, 1700-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
155. Howe, Stephen. Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes. London: Verso, 1998.
156. Jackson, Debra. "A Cultural Stronghold: The Anglo-African Newspaper and the Black Community of New York." New York History 85, no. 4, (Fall 2004), 331-58.
157. James, C. L. R. American Civilization. Oxford: Blackwell Press, 1993.
158. Jeffrey, Julie Roy. The Great Silent Army of Abolitionism: Ordinary Women in the Antislavery Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
159. Josiah, Barbara P. "After Emancipation: Aspects of Village Life in Guyana, 1869-1911." Journal of Negro History 82, no. 1, (Winter 1997), 105-21.
160. Judd, Dennis. Empire: The British Imperial Experience from 1765 to the Present. London:Fontana Press, 1997.
161. Junne, George H. The History of Blacks in Canada: A Selectively Annotated Bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003.
162. Kachun, Mitch. Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808-1915. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003.
163. Kathrada, Ahmed. Memoirs. Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2004.
164. Kerr-Ritchie, Jeffrey R. Freedpeople in the Tobacco South: Virginia, 1860-1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
165. Kerr-Ritchie, Jeffrey R. "Emancipation from The Communist Manifesto." Nature, Society, and Thought 10, no. 4, (December 1998), 523-38.
166. Kerr-Ritchie, Jeffrey R. "Rehearsal for War: Black Militias in the Atlantic World." Slavery and Abolition 26, no. 1, (April 2005), 1-33.
167. Kertzer, David I. Rituals, Politics, and Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
168. Lader, Lawrence. The Bold Brahmins: New England's War against Slavery, 1831-1863. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1961.
169. Landon, Fred. "Amherstburg, Terminus of the Underground Railroad." Journal of Negro History 10, no. 1, (Janu ary 1925), 1-9.
170. Landon, Fred. "The Anti-Slavery Society of Canada." Journal of Negro History 4, no. 1, (January 1919), 33-40.
171. Landon, Fred. "The Buxton Settlement in Canada." Journal of Negro History 3, no. 4, (Oc tober 1918), 360-67.
172. Landon, Fred. "Henry Bibb, a Colonizer." Journal of Negro History 5, no. 4, (October 1920), 437-47.
173. Landon, Fred. "In an Old Ontario Cemetery." The Dalhousie Review 5 (January 1926), 523-31.
174. Landon, Fred. "The Negro Migration to Canada After the Passing of the Fugitive Slave Act." Journal of Negro History 5, no. 1, (Janu ary 1920), 22-36.
175. Landon, Fred. "Records Illustrating the Condition of Refugees from Slavery in Upper Canada before 1860." Journal of Negro History 13, no. 2, (April 1928), 199-206.
176. Lindsay, Arnett G. "Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Great Britain Bearing on the Return of Negro Slaves, 1783-1828." Journal of Negro History 5, no. 4, (October 1920), 391-401.
177. Linebaugh, Peter, and Marcus Rediker. The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Boston: Beacon, 2000.
178. Litwack, Leon. North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
179. Mahon, John K. History of the Militia and the National Guard. New York: Macmillan, 1983.
180. Marshall, Woodville K. " 'We be wise to many more tings': Blacks' Hopes and Expectations of Emancipation." In Caribbean Freedom: Society and Economy from Emancipation to the Present, edited by Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd, 12-20. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1993.
181. McDonald, Roderick A, "The Transition from Slavery to Freedom in the British West Indies: The Journal of John Anderson, St. Vincent Special Magistrate, 1836-1839." Presentation, Philadelphia Center for Early American Studies Seminar, 1990.
182. McFeeley, William S. Frederick Douglass. New York: Norton, 1991.
183. McKay, Claude. Banjo: A Story without a Plot. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1970.
184. McKivigan, John R., and Jason H. Silverman. "Monarchical Liberty and Republican Slavery: West Indian Emancipation Celebrations in Upstate New York and Canada West." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 10 (January 1986), 7-18.
185. McNeil, Lydia. "James G. Barbadoes." In Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, edited by Jack Salzman, David Lionel Smith, and Cornel West, 1:263. New York: Macmillan References, 1996.
186. McPherson, James M. The Negro's Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted during the War for the Union. New York: Vintage, 1967.
187. Midgley, Clare. Women against Slavery: The British Campaigns, 1780-1870. London: Routledge, 1992.
188. Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom. New York: Norton, 1975.
189. Morris, Robert C. Reading, 'Riting, and Reconstruction: The Education of Freedmen in the South, 1861-1870. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
190. Muelder, Hermann R. Fighters for Freedom: The Anti-Slavery Activities of Men and Women Associated with Knox College. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.
191. Mullin, Michael. Africa in America: Slave Acculturation and Resistance in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736-1831. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
192. Murray, Alexander L. "The Provincial Freeman: A New Source for the History of the Negro in Canada and the United States." Journal of Negro History 44, no. 2, (April 1959), 123-35.
193. Newman, Simon P. Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
194. North, Douglass C. The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790 to 1860. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961.
195. Ofari, Earl. "Let Your Motto Be Resistance": The Life and Thought of Henry Highland Garnet. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972.
196. Ozouf, Mona. Festivals and the French Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988.
197. Palmer, Colin. "Defining and Studying the Modern African Diaspora." Perspectives 36, no. 6, (Sep tem ber 1998), 22-25.
198. Payne, Charles M., and Adam Green, eds. Time Longer than Rope: A Century of African American Activism, 1850-1950. New York: New York University Press, 2003.
199. Pearse, Andrew. "Carnival in Nineteenth Century Trinidad." Caribbean Quarterly 4 (1956), 176-93.
200. Pease, Jane H., and William H. Pease. Black Utopia: Negro Communal Experiments in America. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1963.
201. Pease, Jane H., and William H. Pease. They Who Would Be Free: Blacks' Search for Freedom, 1830-1861. New York:Atheneum, 1974.
202. Phillips, Christopher. Freedom's Port: The African American Community of Baltimore, 1790-1860. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
203. Piersen, William Dillon. Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth Century New England. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.
204. Pulis, John W., ed. Moving On: Black Loyalists in the Afro-Atlantic World. New York:Garland, 1999.
205. Quarles, Benjamin. Black Abolitionists. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.
206. Quillin, Frank Uriah. The Color Line in Ohio: A History of Race Prejudice in a Typical Northern State. 1913: Reprint New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969.
207. Raboteau, Albert J. A Fire in the Bones: Reflections on African-American Religious History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.
208. Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
209. Reckord, Mary. "The Jamaica Slave Rebellion of 1831." Past and Present 40 (July 1968), 108-25.
210. Reiss, Joao Jose. Death is a Festival: Funeral Rites and Rebellion in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
211. Rhodes, Jane. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
212. Rice, C. Duncan. The Scots Abolitionists, 1833-1861. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
213. Richards, Leonard L. The Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination, 1780-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.
214. Richardson, David, ed. Abolition and Its Aftermath: The Historical Context, 1790-1916. London: Frank Cass, 1985.
215. Riddell, William R. "Interesting Notes on Great Britain and Canada with Respect to the Negro." Journal of Negro History 13, no. 2, (April 1928), 185-98.
216. Riddell, William R. "The Slave in Upper Canada." Journal of Negro History 4 (October 1919), 372-95.
217. Roach, Joseph R. Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
218. Rodney, Walter. A History of the Guyanese Working People, 1881-1905. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.
219. Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. 2 vols. Santa Barbara:ABC-CLIO, 1997.
220. Ryan, Mary P. Women in Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825-1880. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.
221. St. G. Walker, James W. The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783-1870. New York: Dalhousie University Press, 1976.
222. Saville, Julie. The Work of Reconstruction: From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina, 1860-1870. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
223. Schappes, Morris U. "Ernestine L. Rose: Her Address on the Anniversary of West Indian Emancipation." Journal of Negro History 34, no. 3, (July 1949), 344-55.
224. Schor, Joel. Henry Highland Garnet: A Voice of Black Radicalism in the Nineteenth Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977.
225. Scully, Pamela. Liberating the Family? Gender and British Slave Emancipation in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa, 1823-1853. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1997.
226. Sernett, Milton C. North Star Country: Upstate New York and the Crusade for African American Freedom. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002.
227. Silverman, Jason H. Unwelcome Guests: Canada West's Response to American Fugitive Slaves, 1800-1865. Greenwood, Conn.: Associated Faculty Press, 1985.
228. Silverman, Jason H. "The American Fugitive Slave in Canada: Myths and Realities." Southern Studies (Fall 1980): 215-27.
229. Singletary, Otis. Negro Militia and Reconstruction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
230. Sinha, Manisha. The Counterevolution of Slavery: Politics and Ideology in Antebellum South Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2000.
231. Sklar, Kathryn Kish. Women's Rights Emerges within the Anti-Slavery Movement, 1830-1870:A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000.
232. StanKlos.com. "Joseph Horace Kimball." Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. Reproduced online.
233. Stauffer, John. "American Responses to British Emancipation: The Problem of Progress," Sisterhood and Slavery: An International Conference, October 25-28, 2001, Gilder Lehrman Center, Yale University.
234. Sterling, Dorothy. The Making of an Afro-American: Martin Robison Delany, 1812-1885. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.
235. Stewart, James Brewer. Holy Warriors: The Abolitionists and American Slavery. New York:Hill and Wang, 1976.
236. Stewart, James Brewer. Wendell Phillips: Liberty's Hero. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.
237. Stewart, Robert. "A Slandered People-Views on 'Negro Character' in the Mainstream Christian Churches in Post-Emancipation Jamaica." In Crossing Boundaries:Comparative History of Black People in the Diaspora, edited by Darlene Clark Hine and Jacqueline McLeod, 179-201. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
238. Stipriaan, Alex Van. "July 1, Emancipation Day in Suriname: A Contested Lieu de Memoire, 1863-2003." New West Indian Guide 78 (2004), 269-304.
239. Stouffer, Allen P. The Light of Nature and the Law of God: Antislavery in Ontario, 1833-1861. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.
240. Stuckey, Sterling. Slave Culture: Nationalist Theory and The Foundations of Black America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
241. Studley, Marian H. "An 'August First' in 1844." New England Quarterly 16 (December 1943), 567-77.
242. Sullivan-Gonzalez, Douglass, and Charles Reagan Wilson, eds. The South and the Caribbean. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 2001.
243. Sweet, Leonard I. "The Fourth of July and Black Americans in the Nineteenth Century:Northern Leadership Opinion within the Context of the Black Experience." Journal of Negro History 61, no. 3, (July 1976), 256-75.
244. Swift, David E. Black Prophets of Justice: Activist Clergy Before the Civil War. Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
245. Thompson, E. P. Customs in Common: Studies in Traditional Popular Culture. New York:New Press, 1993.
246. Thornbrough, Emma Lou. The Negro in Indiana: A Study of a Minority. Indianapolis:Indiana Historical Bureau, 1957.
247. Travers, Len. Celebrating the Fourth: Independence Day and the Rites of Nationalism in the Early Republic. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997.
248. Turner, Edward R. The Negro in Pennsylvania: Slavery-Servitude-Freedom, 1639-1861. New York: Arno Press, 1969.
249. Turner, Mary. Slaves and Missionaries: The Disintegration of Jamaican Slave Society, 1787-1834. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.
250. Tyrrell, Ian. "American Exceptionalism in an Age of International History." American Historical Review 96 (October 1991), 1031-55.
251. Waldstreicher, David. In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776-1820. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
252. Walvin, James. Fruits of Empire: Exotic Produce and British Taste, 1660-1800. New York:New York University Press, 1997.
253. Walvin, James. Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Short Illustrated History. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1983.
254. Warner-Lewis, Maureen. Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures. Kingston: University of West Indies Press, 2003.
255. White, Richard. "Civil Rights Agitation: Emancipation Days in Central New York in the 1880s." Journal of Negro History 78, no. 1, (Winter 1993), 16-24.
256. Wiggins, William, Jr. O Freedom! Afro-American Emancipation Celebrations. Knoxville:University of Tennessee Press, 1987.
257. Williams, Eric. Capitalism and Slavery. London: Andre Deutsch, 1964.
258. Williams, Eric. History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago. Port of Spain, Trinidad: PNM Publishing, 1962.
259. Williams, George Washington. A History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1888.
260. Wilmot, Swithin. "The Politics of Protest in Free Jamaica-The Kingston John Canoe Christmas Riots, 1840 and 1841." Caribbean Quarterly 26, nos. 3 and 4 (December 1990): 65-75.
261. Wilson, Hilary. Understanding Hieroglyphics: A Complete Introductory Guide. New York:Barnes and Noble, 1993.
262. Winks, Robin W. The Blacks in Canada: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
263. Wood, Donald. Trinidad in Transition: The Years after Slavery. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
264. Wood, Marcus. Blind Memory: Visual Representations of Slavery in England and America 1780-1865. New York: Routledge, 2000.
265. Woodman, Harold D. "Slavery: II Economic Aspects." Houghton Mifflin Reader's Companion to American History. http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/reah/html/ah.
266. Work, Monroe N. "Secret Societies as Factors in the Social and Economical Life of the Negro." In Democracy in Earnest, edited by James E. McCulloch. Washington, D.C.: Southern Sociological Congress.
267. Yellin, Jean Fagan. "Harriet Ann Jacobs." Legacy 5, no. 2, (1988), 55-61.
268. Bettelheim, Judith, "The Afro-Jamaican Jonkonnu Festival: Playing the Forces and Operating the Cloth." Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1979.
269. Cooper, Afua Ava Pamela, "Doing Battle in Freedom's Cause: Henry Bibb, Abolitionism, Race Uplift, and Black Manhood, 1842-1854." Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 2000.
270. French, Scott Andrew, "Remembering Nat Turner: The Rebellious Slave in American Thought, 1831 to the Present." Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 2000.
271. Kachun, Mitchell A, "The Faith That the Dark Past Has Taught Us: African-American Commemorations in the North and West and the Construction of a Usable Past, 1808-1915." Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 1997.
272. Walton, Jonathan W, "Blacks in Buxton and Chatham, Ontario, 1830-1890: Did the 49th Parallel Make a Difference?" Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1979.