Estimating oxygen diffusive conductances of gas-exchange systems: A stereological approach illustrated with the human placenta

Annals of Anatomy

Volumn 196, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 34-40

  Mayhew, Terry M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Diffusive conductance; Oxygen; Passive diffusion; Physiology; Placenta; Stereology; Villous membrane

Indexed keywords

DIFFUSIVE CONDUCTANCE; OXYGEN; PASSIVE DIFFUSION; PHYSIOLOGY; PLACENTA; STEREOLOGY; VILLOUS MEMBRANE;

ADULT; ALGORITHMS; DIFFUSION; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMANS; MICROSCOPY; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY;

EID: 84895074798     PISSN: 09409602     EISSN: 16180402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Ansari T., Fenlon S., Pasha S., O'Neill B., Gillan J.E., Green C.J., Sibbons P.D. Morphometric assessment of the oxygen diffusion conductance in placentae from pregnancies complicated by intra-uterine growth restriction. Placenta 2003, 24:618-626.
2. Bacon B.J., Gilbert R.D., Kaufmann P., Smith A.D., Trevino F.T., Longo L.D. Placental anatomy and diffusing capacity in guinea pigs following long-term maternal hypoxia. Placenta 1984, 5:475-488.
3. Bartels H. The diffusion capacity of the placenta. Frontiers of Biology, vol. 17, Prenatal Respiration 1970, 61-67. North-Holland, London. A. Neuberger, E.L. Tatum (Eds.).
4. Benirschke K., Kaufmann P. Pathology of the Human Placenta 2000, Springer Verlag, New York. 4th ed.
5. Bissonnette J.M., Longo L.D., Novy M.J., Murata Y., Martin C.B. Placental diffusing capacity and its relation to fetal growth. J. Dev. Physiol. 1979, 1:351-359.
6. Burri P.H., Haenni B., Tschanz S.A., Makanya A.N. Morphometry and allometry of the postnatal marsupial lung development: an ultrastructural study. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2003, 138:309-324.
7. Burton G.J. Oxygen, the Janus gas; its effects on human placental development and function. J. Anat. 2009, 215:27-35.
8. Burton G.J., Feneley M.R. Capillary volume fraction is the principal determinant of villous membrane thickness in the human placenta at term. J. Dev. Physiol. 1992, 17:39-45.
9. Bush P.G., Mayhew T.M., Abramovich D.R., Aggett P.J., Burke M.D., Page K.R. Maternal cigarette smoking and oxygen diffusion across the placenta. Placenta 2000, 21:824-833.
10. Coan P.M., Ferguson-Smith A.C., Burton G.J. Developmental dynamics of the definitive mouse placenta assessed by stereology. Biol. Reprod. 2004, 70:1806-1813.
11. Crapo J.D., Crapo R.O. Comparison of total lung diffusion capacity and the membrane component of diffusion capacity as determined by physiologic and morphometric techniques. Respir. Physiol. 1983, 51:183-194.
12. De Moraes M.F., Holler S., da Costa O.T., Glass M.L., Fernandes M.N., Perry S.F. Morphometric comparison of the respiratory organs in the South American lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa (Dipnoi). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 2005, 78:546-559.
13. Enders A.C., Carter A.M. What can comparative studies of placental structure tell us? - A review. Placenta 25, Suppl. A, Troph. Res. 2004, 18:S3-S9.
14. Figueroa D., Olivares R., Salaberry M., Sabat P., Canals M. Interplay between the morphometry of the lungs and the mode of locomotion in birds and mammals. Biol. Res. 2007, 40:193-201.
15. Forster R.E. Some principles governing maternal-foetal transfer in the placenta. Foetal and Neonatal Physiology, Proceedings of the Sir Joseph Barcroft Centenary Symposium 1973, 223-237. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. K.S. Comline, K.W. Cross, G.S. Dawes, P.W. Nathanielsz (Eds.).
16. Gundersen H.J.G., Jensen E.B. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J. Microsc. 1987, 147:229-263.
17. Gundersen H.J.G., Jensen E.B., Østerby R. Distribution of membrane thickness determined by lineal analysis. J. Microsc. 1978, 113:27-43.
18. Holland R.A.B., van Hezewijk W., Zubzanda J. Velocity of oxygen uptake by partly saturated adult and fetal human red cells. Respir. Physiol. 1977, 29:303-314.
19. Howard C.V., Reed M.G. Unbiased stereology. Three-dimensional Measurement in Microscopy 2005, Garland Science/Bios Scientific, Abingdon. 2nd ed.
20. Jackson M.R., Joy C.F., Mayhew T.M., Boyd P.A. Quantitative description of the elaboration and maturation of villi from 10 weeks of gestation to term. Placenta 1992, 13:357-370.
21. Jackson M.R., Joy C.F., Mayhew T.M., Haas J.D. Stereological studies on the true thickness of the villous membrane in human term placentae: a study of placentae from high-altitude pregnancies. Placenta 1985, 6:249-258.
22. Jackson M.R., Mayhew T.M., Haas J.D. On the factors which contribute to thinning of the villous membrane in human placentae at high altitude. II. An increase in the degree of peripheralization of fetal capillaries. Placenta 1988, 9:9-18.
23. Karimu A.L., Burton G.J. Compliance of the human placental villous membrane at term; the concept of the feto-placental unit as an autoregulating gas exchange system. Troph. Res. 1994, 8:541-558.
24. Karimu A.L., Burton G.J. The significance of changes in fetal perfusion pressure to factors controlling angiogenesis in the human term placenta. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1994, 102:447-450.
25. Kaufmann P., Mayhew T.M., Charnock-Jones D.S. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. II. Changes during normal pregnancy. Placenta 2004, 25:114-126.
26. Kohnert S., Perry S.F., Schmitz A. Morphometric analysis of the larval branchial chamber in the dragonfly Aeshna cyanea Müller (Insecta, Odonata, Anisoptera). J. Morphol. 2004, 261:81-91.
27. Laga E.M., Driscoll S.G., Munro H.N. Quantitative studies of human placenta. I. Morphometry. Biol. Neonate 1973, 23:231-259.
28. Maina J.N. Fundamental structural aspects and features in the bioengineering of the gas exchangers: comparative perspectives. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 2002, 163. III-XII, 1-108.
29. Maina J.N., Nathaniel C. A qualitative and quantitative study of the lung of an ostrich, Struthio camelus. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2313-2330.
30. Mayhew T.M. Fetoplacental angiogenesis during gestation is biphasic, longitudinal and occurs by proliferation and remodelling of vascular endothelial cells. Placenta 2002, 23:742-750.
31. Mayhew T.M. Stereology and the placenta: where's the point? - A review. Placenta 27, Suppl. A, Troph. Res. 2006, 20:S17-S25.
32. Mayhew T.M. Allometric studies on growth and development of the human placenta: growth of tissue compartments and diffusive conductances in relation to placental volume and fetal mass. J. Anat. 2006, 208:785-794.
33. Mayhew T.M. Taking tissue samples from the placenta: an illustration of principles and strategies. Placenta 2008, 29:1-14.
34. Mayhew T.M., Jackson M.R., Boyd P.A. Changes in oxygen diffusive conductances of human placentae during gestation (10-41 weeks) are commensurate with the gain in fetal weight. Placenta 1993, 14:51-61.
35. Mayhew T.M., Jackson M.R., Haas J.D. Microscopical morphology of the human placenta and its effects on oxygen diffusion: a morphometric model. Placenta 1986, 7:121-131.
36. Mayhew T.M., Jackson M.R., Haas J.D. Oxygen diffusive conductances of human placentae from term pregnancies at low and high altitudes. Placenta 1990, 11:493-503.
37. Mayhew T.M., Joy C.F., Haas J.D. Structure-function correlation in the human placenta: the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen at full term. J. Anat. 1984, 139:691-708.
38. Mayhew T.M., Manwani R., Ohadike C., Wijesekara J., Baker P.N. The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: studies on exchange surface areas, diffusion distances and villous membrane diffusive conductances. Placenta 2007, 28:233-238.
39. Mayhew T.M., Sørensen F.B., Klebe J.G., Jackson M.R. Oxygen diffusive conductance in placentae from control and diabetic women. Diabetologia 1993, 36:955-960.
40. Mayhew T.M., Wadrop E., Simpson R.A. Proliferative versus hypertrophic growth in tissue subcompartments of human placental villi during gestation. J. Anat. 1994, 184:535-543.
41. Metcalfe J., Bartels H., Moll W. Gas exchange in the pregnant uterus. Physiol. Rev. 1967, 47:782-838.
42. 2 and CO in blood and pulmonary and placental tissue. J. Appl. Physiol. 1968, 24:468-474.
43. Ragg N.L., Taylor H.H. Oxygen uptake, diffusion limitation, and diffusing capacity of the bipectinate gills of the abalone, Haliotis iris (Mollusca: Prosobranchia). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2006, 143:299-306.
44. Ravikumar P., Bellotto D.J., Johnson R.L., Hsia C.C. Permanent alveolar remodelling in canine lung induced by high-altitude residence during maturation. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009, 107:1911-1917.
45. Reshetnikova O.S., Burton G.J., Milovanov A.P. Effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the fetoplacental unit; the morphometric diffusing capacity of the villous membrane at high altitude. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1994, 171:1560-1565.
46. Reshetnikova O.S., Burton G.J., Teleshova O.V. Placental histomorphometry and morphometric diffusing capacity of the villous membrane in pregnancies complicated by maternal iron-deficiency anemia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995, 173:724-727.
47. Roberts V.H.J., Räsänen J.P., Novy M.J., Frias A., Louey S., Morgan T.K., Thornburg K.L., Spindel E.R., Grigsby P.L. Restriction of placental vasculature in a non-human primate: a unique model to study placental plasticity. Placenta 2012, 33:73-76.
48. Roughton F.J.W., Forster R.E. Relative importance of diffusion and chemical reaction rates in determining rate of exchange of gases in the human lung, with special reference to true diffusing capacity of pulmonary membrane and volume of blood in the lung capillaries. J. Appl. Physiol. 1957, 11:290-302.
49. Samson J.E., Mari G., Dick E.J., Hubbard G.B., Ferry R.J., Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N.E. The morphometry of materno-fetal oxygen exchange barrier in a baboon model of obesity. Placenta 2011, 32:845-851.
50. Scheid P., Hook C., Piiper J. Model for analysis of counter-current gas transfer in fish gills. Respir. Physiol. 1986, 64:365-374.
51. Schmitz A., Gemmel M., Perry S.F. Morphometric partitioning of respiratory surfaces in amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas). J. Exp. Biol. 2000, 203:3381-3390.
52. Schneider H. Oxygenation of the placental-fetal unit in humans. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2011, 178:51-58.
53. Smith A.D., Gilbert R.D., Lammers R.J., Longo L.D. Placental exchange area in guinea pigs following long-term maternal exercise: a stereological analysis. J. Dev. Physiol. 1983, 5:11-21.
54. 2 uptake in the lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 1962, 17:21-27.
55. Veras M.M., Damaceno-Rodrigues N.R., Caldini E.G., Ribeiro A.A.C.M., Mayhew T.M., Saldiva P.H.N., Dolhnikoff M. Particulate urban air pollution affects the functional morphology of mouse placenta. Biol. Reprod. 2008, 79:578-584.
56. Wangensteen D., Weibel E.R. Morphometric evaluation of chorioallantoic oxygen transport in the chick embryo. Respir. Physiol. 1982, 47:1-20.
57. Weibel E.R. Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusion capacity. I. Model and method. Respir. Physiol. 1970, 11:54-75.
58. Weibel E.R. Oxygen demand and the size of respiratory structures in mammals. Evolution of Respiratory Processes 1979, vol. 13:289-346. Marcel Dekker, New York & Basle.
59. Weibel E.R. The pathway for oxygen. Structure and Function in the Mammalian Respiratory System 1984, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
60. Yin T.T., Loughna P., Ong S.S., Padfield J., Mayhew T.M. No correlation between ultrasound placental grading at 31-34 weeks of gestation and a surrogate estimate of organ function at term obtained by stereological analysis. Placenta 2009, 30:726-730.