A review on sources, toxicity and remediation technologies for removing arsenic from drinking water

Research on Chemical Intermediates

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 447-485

  Basu, Ankita ^a   Saha, Debabrata ^b   Saha, Rumpa ^a   Ghosh, Tuhin ^c   Saha, Bidyut ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN   (India)

^b Suri Vidyasagar College   (India)

^c A B N SEAL COLLEGE   (India)

Author keywords

Arsenic; Removal techniques; Source; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84895057617     PISSN: 09226168     EISSN: 15685675     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-1000-4     Document Type: Review

References (300)

1. R. Raqib, S. Ahmed, R. Sultana, Y. Wagatsuma, D. Mondal, A.M.W. Hoque, B. Nermell, M. Yunus, S. Roy, L.A. Persson, S.E. Arifeen, S. Moore, M. Vahter, Toxicol. Lett. 185, 197 (2009)
2. Y. Chen, F. Parvez, M. Gamble, T. Islam, A. Ahmed, M. Argos, J.H. Graziano, H. Ahsan, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 239, 184 (2009)
3. U. Schuhmacher-Wolz, H.H. Dieter, D. Klein, K. Schneider, Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 39, 271 (2009)
4. H.B. Nicolli, J.M. Suriano, M.A.G. Peral, L.H. Ferpozzi, O.A. Baleani, Environ. Geol. Water Sci. 14, 3 (1989)
5. P.L. Smedley, H.B. Nicolli, D.M.J. Macdonald, A.J. Barros, J.O. Tullio, Appl. Geochem. 17, 59 (2002)
6. J. Bundschuh, B. Farias, R. Martin, A. Storniolo, P. Bhattacharya, J. Cortes, G. Bonorino, R. Albouy, Appl. Geochem. 19, 231 (2004)
7. P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh, D.M.J. Macdonald, H.B. Nicolli, A.J. Barros, J.O. Tullio, J.M. Pearce, M.S. Alonso, Appl. Geochem. 20, 989 (2005)
8. P. Bhattacharya, M. Claesson, J. Bundschuh, O. Sracek, J. Fagerberg, G. Jacks, R.A. Martin, A. del R. Storniolo, J.M. Thir, Sci. Total Environ. 358, 97 (2006)
9. M.G. García, O. Sracek, D.S. Fernández, M. del Valle Hidalgo, Environ. Geol. 52, 1261 (2007)
10. P.M. Ashley, B.G. Lottermoser, Aus. J. Earth Sci. 46, 861 (1999)
11. S.J. Appleyard, J. Angeloni, R. Watkins, Appl. Geochem. 21, 83 (2006)
12. R. Nickson, J. McArthur, W. Burgess, K.M. Ahmed, P. Ravenscroft, M. Rahman, Nature 395, 338 (1998)
13. R.K. Dhar, B.K. Biswas, G. Samanta, B.K. Mandal, D. Chakraborti, S. Roy, A. Jafar, A. Islam, G. Ara, S. Kabir, A.W. Khan, S.A. Ahmed, S.A. Hadi, Curr. Sci. 73, 48 (1997)
14. M. Karim, Water Res. 34, 304 (2000)
15. A.H. Smith, E.O. Lingas, M. Rahman, Bull. World Health Org. 78, 1093 (2000)
16. D. Chakraborti, M.M. Rahman, K. Paul, U.K. Chowdhury, M.K. Sengupta, D. Lodh, C.R. Chanda, K.C. Saha, S.C. Mukherjee, Talanta 58, 3 (2002)
17. D.G. Kinniburgh, P.L. Smedley, Arsenic contamination of ground water in Bangladesh WC/00/19 (British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK, 2000)
18. X. Meng, P.G. Korfiatis, C. Christodoulatos, S. Bang, Water Res. 35, 2805 (2001)
19. T. Clarke, Nature 413, 556 (2001)
20. S.B. Rasul, A.K.M. Munir, Z.A. Hossain, A.H. Khan, M. Alauddin, A. Hussam, Talanta 58, 33 (2002)
21. C.F. Harvey, C.H. Swartz, A.B.M. Badruzzaman, N. Keon-Blute, W. Yu, M.A. Ali, J. Jay, R. Beckie, V. Niedan, D. Brabander, P.M. Oates, K.N. Ashfaque, S. Islam, H.F. Hemond, M.F. Ahmed, Science 298, 1602 (2002)
22. T. Itai, H. Masuda, A.A. Seddique, M. Mitamura, T. Maruoka, X. Li, M. Kusakabe, D.K. Biswas, A. Farooqi, T. Yamanaka, S. Nakaya, Jun-ichi, Matsuda, K.M. Ahmed, Appl. Geochem. 23, 3155 (2008)
23. D.A. Polya, A.G. Gault, N. Diebe, P. Feldman, J.W. Rosenboom, E. Gilligan, D. Fredericks, A.H. Milton, M. Sampson, H.A.L. Rowland, P.R. Lythgoe, J.C. Jones, C. Middleton, D.A. Cooke, Mineral. Mag. 69, 807 (2005)
24. R. Kubota, T. Kunito, T. Agusa, J. Fujihara, I. Monirith, H. Iwata, A. Subramanian, T.S. Tana, S. Tanabe, J. Environ. Monit. 8, 293 (2006)
25. J. Buschmann, M. Berg, C. Stengel, M.L. Sampson, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 2146 (2007)
26. M.L. Polizzotto, B.D. Kocar, S.G. Benner, M. Sampson, S. Fendorf, Nature (London). 454, 505 (2008)
27. T.T.G. Luu, S. Sthiannopkao, K.W. Kim, Environ. Int. 35, 455 (2009)
28. D.J. Bottomley, J. Hydrol. 69, 223 (1984)
29. D.R. Boyle, R.J.W. Turner, G.E.M. Hall, Environ. Geochem. Health 20, 199 (1998)
30. M.I. Rivara, M. Cebrian, G. Corey, M. Hernandez, I. Romieu, Toxicol. Ind. Health 13, 321 (1997)
31. D.D. Caceres, P. Pino, N. Montesinos, E. Atalah, H. Amigo, D. Loomis, Environ. Res. 98, 151 (2005)
32. Y. Xia, J. Liu, Toxicology 198, 268 (2004)
33. G. Sun, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 198, 268 (2004)
34. X. Guo, Y. Fujino, S. Kaneko, K. Wu, Y. Xia, T. Yoshimura, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 222, 137 (2001)
35. A. Mukherjee, P. Bhattacharya, F. Shi, A.E. Fryar, A.B. Mukherjee, Z.M. Xie, G. Jacks, J. Bundschuh, Appl. Geochem. 24, 1835 (2009)
36. Y. Deng, Y. Wang, T. Ma, Y. Gan, Environ. Geol. 56, 1467 (2009)
37. X. Xie, A. Ellis, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Duan, C. Su, Sci. Total Environ. 407, 3823 (2009)
38. P.L. Smedley, Afr. J. Earth Sci. 22, 459 (1996)
39. R. Buamah, B. Petrusevski, J.C. Schippers, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA. 57, 519 (2008)
40. B.K. Kortatsi, C.K. Tay, G. Anornu, E. Hayford, G.A. Dartey, Environ. Geol. 53, 1651 (2008)
41. W. Semmler, Technische Mitteilungen. 76, 141 (1983)
42. G. Heinrichs, P. Udluft, Vom Wasser. 79, 111 (1992)
43. M. Rassler, S. Schulte-Hostede, U. Seltmann, A. Kettrup, J. Schimetschek, Klaus-Peter. Seiler, Vom Wasser. 93, 39 (1999)
44. M. Csanady, G. Bozsai, Z. Deak, Egeszsegtudomany. 29, 240 (1985)
45. I. Varsányi, L.Ó. Kovács, Appl. Geochem. 21, 949 (2006)
46. K.C. Saha, Indian J. Dermatol. 29, 37 (1984)
47. K.C. Saha, Indian J. Dermatol. 40, 1 (1995)
48. A. Chatterjee, D. Das, B.K. Mandal, T.R. Chowdhury, G. Samanta, D. Chakraborti, Analyst 120, 643 (1995)
49. D. Das, A. Chatterjee, B.K. Mandal, G. Samanta, D. Chakraborti, B. Chanda, Analyst 120, 917 (1995)
50. P. Bagla, J. Kaiser, Science 274, 174 (1996)
51. S.K. Acharyya, P. Chakraborty, S. Lahiri, B.C. Raymahashay, S. Guha, A. Bhowmik, T. Roy Chowdhury, G.K. Basu, B.K. Mandal, B.K. Biswas, G. Samanta, U.K. Chowdhury, C.R. Chanda, D. Lodh, S.L. Roy, K.C. Saha, S. Roy, S. Kabir, Q. Quamruzzaman, D. Chakraborti, Nature 401, 545 (1999)
52. P.K. Pandey, R. Sharma, M. Roy, S. Roy, M. Pandey, Environ. Geochem. Health 28, 409 (2006)
53. H.S. Hundal, R. Kumar, K. Singh, D. Singh, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 38, 2257 (2007)
54. B. Nayak, B. Das, S.C. Mukherjee, A. Pal, S. Ahamed, A.M. Hossain, P. Maity, R.N. Dutta, S. Dutta, D. Chakraborti, Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 90, 673 (2008)
55. M. Chetia, S.K. Singh, K. Bora, H. Kalita, L.B. Saikia, D.C. Goswami, R.B. Srivtava, H.P. Sarma, J. Indian Water Works Association 40, 150 (2008)
56. D. Chakraborti, E.J. Singh, B. Das, B. Ali Shah, M.A. Hossain, B. Nayak, S. Ahamed, N.R. Singh, Environ. Geol. 56, 381 (2008)
57. N. Sankararamakrishnan, D. Chauhan, R.T. Nickson, R.M. Tripathi, L. Iyengar, Sci. Total Environ. 401, 162 (2008)
58. V.S. Chauhan, R.T. Nickson, D. Chauhan, L. Iyengar, N. Sankararamakrishnan, Chemosphere 75, 83 (2009)
59. B.K. Mandal, T. Roy Chowdhury, G. Samanta, G.K. Basu, P.P. Chowdhury, C.R. Chanda, D. Lodh, N.K. Karan, R.K. Dhar, Curr. Sci. 70, 976 (1996)
60. J.K. Nag, V. Balaram, R. Rubio, J. Alberti, A.K. Das, J. Trace Elem. Med Biol. 10, 20 (1996)
61. D. Chakraborti, B.K. Mandal, R.K. Dhar, B. Biswas, G. Samanta, K.C. Saha, Indian J. Environ. Prot. 19, 565 (1999)
62. S. Maity, S. Chakravarty, P. Thakur, K.K. Gupta, S. Bhattacharjee, B.C. Roy, Chemosphere 54, 1199 (2004)
63. A.K. Ghosh, D. Sarkar, D. Dutta, P. Bhattacharyya, Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 50, 521 (2004)
64. S.K. Acharyya, B.A. Shah, Environ. Geol. 52, 489 (2007)
65. A.K. Singh, Curr. Sci. 92, 1506 (2007)
66. R. Nickson, C. Sengupta, P. Mitra, S.N. Dave, A.K. Banerjee, A. Bhattacharya, S. Basu, N. Kakoti, N.S. Moorthy, M. Wasuja, M. Kumar, D.S. Mishra, A. Ghosh, D.P. Vaish, A.K. Srivastava, R.M. Tripathi, S.N. Singh, R. Prasad, S. Bhattacharya, P. Deverill, J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 4(2), 1707 (2007)
67. D. Bhattacharyya, P.K. Mukherjee, Environ. Geol. 57, 1687 (2009)
68. B. Sen Gupta, S. Chatterjee, U. Rott, H. Kauffman, A. Bandopadhyay, W. DeGroot, N.K. Nag, A.A. Carbonell-Barrachina, S. Mukherjee, Environ. Pollut. 157, 3351 (2009)
69. D. Chakraborti, B. Das, M.M. Rahman, U.K. Chowdhury, B. Biswas, A.B. Goswami, B. Nayak, A. Pal, M.K. Sengupta, S. Ahamed, A. Hossain, G. Basu, T. Roychowdhury, D. Das, Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 53, 542 (2009)
70. N. Shimada, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 10, 667 (1996)
71. E. Kaneko, Chikyu Kagaku. 13, 1 (1979)
72. N. Shimada, Chishitsu Kankyo Chikyu Kankyo Shirizu. 4, 95 (1998)
73. H. Kondo, Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi. 20, 438 (1997)
74. H. Kondo, Y. Ishiguro, K. Ohno, M. Nagase, M. Toba, M. Takagi, Water Res. 33, 1967 (1999)
75. A. Mukherjee, P. Bhattacharya, K. Savage, A. Foster, J. Bundschuh, J. Contam. Hydrol. 99, 1 (2008)
76. B. Planer-Friedrich, M.A. Armienta, B.J. Merkel, Environ. Geol. 40, 1290 (2001)
77. M.A. Armienta, N. Segovia, Environ. Geochem. Health 30, 345 (2008)
78. D.K. Nordstrom, Science 296, 2143 (2002)
79. P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh, Appl. Geochem. 17, 517 (2002)
80. M.M. Meza, M.J. Kopplin, J.L. Burgess, A.J. Gandolfi, Environ. Res. 96, 119 (2004)
81. F. Diazbarriga, M.A. Santos, J.D. Mejia, L. Batres, L. Yanez, L. Carrizales, E. Vera, L.M. Delrazo, M.E. Cebrian, Environ. Res. 62, 242 (1993)
82. C.J. Wyatt, C.L. Fimbres, R.R.O. Mendez, M. Grijalva, Environ. Res. 76, 114 (1998)
83. B.M. Dahal, M. Fuerhacker, A. Mentler, R.R. Shrestha, W.E.H. Blum, Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 54, 41 (2008)
84. S.K. Chapagain, S. Shrestha, T. Nakamura, V.P. Pandey, F. Kazama, Desalin. Water Treat. 4, 248 (2009)
85. D. Pokhrel, B.S. Bhandari, T. Viraraghavan, Environ. Int. 35, 157 (2009)
86. R.R. Shrestha, M.P. Shrestha, N.P. Upadhyay, R. Pradhan, R. Khadka, A. Maskey, M. Maharjan, S. Tuladhar, B.M. Dahal, K. Shrestha, J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 3(8), 185 (2003)
87. R.T. Nickson, J.M. McArthur, B. Shrestha, T.O. Kyaw-Myint, D. Lowry, Appl. Geochem. 20, 55 (2005)
88. J.A. Baig, T.G. Kazi, M.B. Arain, H.I. Afridi, G.A. Kandhro, R.A. Sarfraz, M.K. Jamal, A.Q. Shah, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 662 (2009)
89. Z. Fatmi, I. Azam, F. Ahmed, A. Kazi, A.B. Gill, M.M. Kadir, M. Ahmed, N. Ara, N.Z. Janjua, Environ. Res. 109, 575 (2009)
90. M.B. Arain, T.G. Kazi, J.A. Baig, M.K. Jamali, H.I. Afridi, N. Jalbani, R.A. Sarfraz, A.Q. Shah, G.A. Kandhro, Sci. Total Environ. 407, 5524 (2009)
91. P. Niedzielski, J. Siepak, M. Siepak, Polish J. Environ. Stud. 10, 347 (2001)
92. P. Niedzielski, M. Siepak, Chem. Ecol. 21, 241 (2005)
93. S.E. Gurzau, A.E. Gurzau, Exposure & Health Effects IV, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Arsenic Exposure & Health Effects, 4th ed. June 18-22, 2000 (San Diego, 2001)
94. W.P. Tseng, H.M. Chu, S.W. How, J.M. Fong, C.S. Lin, S. Yeh, J. Natl Cancer Inst. 40, 453 (1968)
95. W.P. Tseng, Angiology. 40, 547 (1989)
96. C.-H. Tseng, Y.-K. Huang, Y.-L. Huang, C.-J. Chung, M.-H. Yang, C.-J. Chen, Y.-M. Hsuch, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 206, 299 (2005)
97. S.-W. Wang, C.-W. Liu, C.-S. Jang, Appl. Geochem. 22, 460 (2007)
98. C.-W. Liu, C.-S. Jang, C.-M. Liao, Sci. Total Environ. 321, 173 (2004)
99. Y.-B. Lin, Y.-P. Lin, C.-W. Liu, Y.-C. Tan, Sci. Total Environ. 370, 168 (2006)
100. C-.C. Liu, J.-S. Jean, B. Nath, M.-K. Lee, L.-I. Hor, K.-H. Lin, J.P. Maity, Appl. Geochem. 24, 1793 (2009)
101. K. Wattanasen, S.-A. Elming, W. Lohawijarn, T. Bhongsuwan, Environ. Geol. 51, 595 (2006)
102. D.G. Kinniburgh, A.J. Newell, J. Davies, P.I. Smedley, A.E. Milodowski, J.A. Ingram, P.D. Merrin, Geol. Soc. Special Pub. 263, 265 (2006)
103. A.H. Welch, D.B. Westjohn, D.R. Helsel, R.B. Wanty, Ground Water 38, 589 (2000)
104. R.D. Foust Jr, P. Mohapatra, A.-M. Compton-O'Brien, J. Reifel, Appl. Geochem. 19, 251 (2004)
105. M. Berg, H.C. Tran, T.C. Nguyen, H.V. Pham, R. Schertenleib, W. Giger, Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2621 (2001)
106. T. Agusa, T. Kunito, J. Fujihara, R. Kubota, T.B. Minh, P.T.K. Trang, H. Iwata, A. Subramanian, P.H. Viet, S. Tanabe, Environ. Pollut. 139, 95 (2006)
107. D.A. Polya, M. Berg, A.G. Gault, Y. Takahashi, Appl. Geochem. 23, 2968 (2008)
108. E. Eiche, T. Neumann, M. Berg, B. Weinman, A. van Geen, S. Norra, Z. Berner, P.T.K. Trang, P.H. Viet, Doris Stüben, Appl. Geochem. 23, 3143 (2008)
109. M. Kim, H.-J. Um, S.B. Bang, S.-H. Lee, S.-J. Oh, J.-H. Han, K.-W. Kim, J. Min, Y.-H. Kim, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 9335 (2009)
110. K.P. Nguyen, R. Itoi, J. Contam. Hydrol. 103, 58 (2009)
111. T. Agusa, S. Inoue, T. Kunito, T.B. Minh, N.N. Ha, N.P.C. Tu, P.T.K. Trang, H. Iwata, P.H. Viet, B.C. Tuyen, S. Tanabe, Int. J. Environ. Stud. 66, 49 (2009)
112. N.N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edn. (Reed, London, 1997)
113. B. Saha, C. Orvig, Coord. Chem. Rev. 254, 2959 (2010)
114. M.O. Andreae, in Organometallic compounds in the environment: principles and reactions, ed. by P.J. Craig (New York, Wiley, 1986), p. 198
115. M. Styblo, L.M. Del Razo, L. Vega, D.R. Germolec, E.L. LeClyse, G.A. Hamilton, W. Reed, C. Wang, W.R. Cullen, D.J. Thomas, Arch. Toxicol. 74, 289 (2000)
116. A.K. Das, in Bio-inorganic Chemistry, 1st ed. (Books & Allied (P) Ltd., 2007)
117. S.E. Manahan, in Environmental Chemistry, 6th ed. (Lewis, Boca Raton, 1994)
118. S. Chen, X. Zhan, D. Lu, C. Liu, L. Zhu, Ana. Chim. Acta. 634, 192 (2009)
119. R.W. Boyle, I.R. Jonasson, J. Geochem. Explor. 2, 251 (1973)
120. A.H. Welch, M.S. Lico, J.L. Hughes, Ground Water 26, 333 (1988)
121. G. Féraud, C. Potot, J.F. Fabretti, Y. Guglielmi, M. Fiquet, V. Barci, P.C. Maria, C. R. Chim. 12, 922 (2009)
122. K.A. Rittle, J.I. Drever, P.J.S. Colberg, Geomicrobial. J. 13, 1 (1995)
123. G.B. Arehart, S.L. Chryssoulis, S.E. Kesler, Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. 88, 171 (1993)
124. S.L.L. Barker, K.A. Hickey, J.S. Cline, G.M. Dipple, M.R. Kilburn, J.R. Vaughan, A.A. Longo, Econ. Geol. 104, 897 (2009)
125. P.L. Smedley, H.B. Nicolli, D.M.J. Macdonald, A.J. Barros, J.O. Tullio, Appl. Geochem. 17, 259 (2002)
126. J. O'Reilly, M.J. Watts, R.A. Shaw, A.L. Marcilla, N.I. Ward, Environ. Geochem. Health 32, 491 (2010)
127. J.A. Plant, D.G. Kinniburgh, P.L. Smedley, F.M. Fordyce, B.A. Klinck, in: H.D. Holland, K.K. Turekian, in Treatise on Geochemistry, Environmental Geochemistry (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 9 2004), pp. 17
128. S. Goldberg, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50, 1154 (1986)
129. W. Hiemstra, H. van Riemsdijk, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 179, 488 (1996)
130. S. Goldberg, C.T. Johnston, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 234, 204 (2001)
131. M.L. Peterson, R. Carpenter, Mar. Chem. 12, 295 (1983)
132. J.M. Brannon, W.H. Patrick, Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 450 (1987)
133. B. Casentini, M. Pettine, F.J. Millero, Aquat. Geochem. 16, 373 (2010)
134. S. Goldberg, R.A. Glaubig, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52, 1297 (1988)
135. B.A. Manning, S. Goldberg, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60, 121 (1996)
136. H. Onishi, E.B. Sandell, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 7, 1 (1955)
137. A.Y. Borisova, G.S. Pokrovski, M. Pichavant, R. Freydier, F. Candaudap, Am. Mineral. 95, 1095 (2010)
138. H.A. Tourtelot, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 28, 1579 (1964)
139. S. Hea, T.K. Kyser, W.G.E. Caldwell, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 217, 67 (2005)
140. A.M. Ure, M.L. Berrow, in Environmental Chemistry, ed. by H.J.M. Bowen. (Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1982) p. 94
141. J.G. Webster, in Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, ed. by C.P. Marshall, R.W. Fairbridge (Chapman Hall, London, 1999) p. 21
142. C.B. Tabelin, T. Igarashi, S. Tamoto, Miner. Eng. 23, 238 (2010)
143. nd world Chinese conf. Geological sciences, Extended Abstr. (Standford Univ., 2000) p. 522
144. AGAR, The Wolfson Geochemical Atlas of England and Wales (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978)
145. D.K. Datta, V. Subramanian, Environ. Geol. 30, 181 (1997)
146. D. Mukherjee, A. Mukherjee, B. Kumar, Environ. Geol. 58, 1757 (2009)
147. S.J. Cook, V.M. Levson, T.R. Giles, W. Jackamann, Explor. Min. Geol. 4, 93 (1995)
148. A.N. Rencz, R.A. Klassen, A. Moore, Geochem.: Explor. Environ., Anal. 2, 27 (2002)
149. M.L. Peterson, R. Carpenter, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 353 (1986)
150. F. Legeleux, J.L. Reyss, P. Bonte, C. Organo, Oceanolog. Acta. 17, 417 (1994)
151. J. Valdes, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 77, 121 (2004)
152. H.T. Shacklette, J.G. Boerngen, J.R. Keith, US Geol. Surv., Circ. 692 (US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1974)
153. H.L. Cannon, W.L. Petrie, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lon. 288, 137 (1979)
154. Q. Yang, H.B. Jung, C.W. Culbertson, R.G. Marvinney, M.C. Loiselle, D.B. Locke, H. Cheek, H. Thibodeau, Y. Zheng, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 2714 (2009)
155. M.J. Dudas, Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48, 1451 (1984)
156. B. Bennett, M.J. Dudas, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2, 265 (2003)
157. J.P. Gustafsson, N.T. Tin, Sci. Tot. Environ. 151, 153 (1994)
158. R.J. Robins, J.D. Hamill, A.J. Parr, K. Smith, N.J. Walton, M.J.C. Rhodes, Plant Cell Rep. 6, 122 (1987)
159. E. Krause, V.A. Ettel, Hydrometallurgy 22, 311 (1989)
160. H. Pauwels, M. Pettenati, C. Greffié, J. Contam. Hydrol. 115, 64 (2010)
161. W.H. Schroeder, M. Dobson, D.M. Kane, N.D. Johnson, Internat. J. Air Pollut. Control Hazard. Waste Manag. 3(7), 1267 (1987)
162. J.R. Scudlark, T.M. Church, Atmos. Environ. 22, 937 (1988)
163. S. Wang, C.N. Mulligan, Sci. Total Environ. 366, 701 (2006)
164. R.B. Finkelman, H.E. Belkin, B. Zheng, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 3427 (1999)
165. M.O. Andreae, D.W. Klumpp, Environ. Sci. Tech. 13, 738 (1979)
166. K.A. Sullivan, R.C. Aller, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 1465 (1996)
167. L. Winkel, M. Berg, M. Amini, S.J. Hug, C.A. Johnson, Nature Geosci. 1, 536 (2008)
168. F.W. Sunderman, Jr., in Environmental Carcinogens, ed. by I.K. O'Neill, P. Schuller, L. Fishbein, IARC Scientific Publications, No 71 (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1986), pp. 17
169. B. Booth, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 1239 (2009)
170. C.B. Dissanayake, R. Chandrajit, in Introduction to Medical Geology, Erlangen Earth Conference Series, (2009)
171. Y.M. Hsueh, W.L. Wu, Y.L. Huang, H.Y. Chiou, C.H. Tseng, C.J. Chen, Atherosclerosis. 141, 249 (1998)
172. C.H. Tseng, C.K. Chong, C.P. Tseng, Y.M. Hsueh, H.Y. Chiou, C.C. Tseng, C.J. Chen, Toxicol. Lett. 137, 15 (2003)
173. C.H. Tseng, Atherosclerosis 199, 12 (2008)
174. Y.K. Huang, K.H. Lin, H.W. Chen, C.C. Chang, C.W. Liu, M.H. Yang, Y.M. Hsueh, Food Chem. Toxicol. 41, 1491 (2003)
175. C.H. Tseng, C.K. Chong, C.J. Chen, T.Y. Tai, Atherosclerosis 120, 125 (1996)
176. C.H. Wang, C.K. Hsiao, C.L. Chen, L.I. Hsu, H.Y. Chiou, S.Y. Chen, Y.M. Hsueh, M.M. Wu, C.J. Chen, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 222, 315 (2007)
177. Y. Fujino, X. Guo, J. Liu, L. You, M. Miyatake, T. Yoshimura, Japan Inner Mongolia Pollution (JIAMP) Study Group, Soc. Sci. Med. 59, 1969 (2004)
178. Y.M. Hsueh, C.J. Chung, H.S. Shiue, J.B. Chen, S.S. Chiang, M.H. Yang, C.W. Tai, C.T. Su, Am. J. Kidney Dis. 54, 859 (2009)
179. P.P. Simeonova, M.I. Luster, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 198, 444 (2004)
180. M. Cöl, C. Cöl, A. Soran, B.S. Sayli, S. Oztürk, Environ. Health Perspect. 107, 687 (1999)
181. A.M. Salazar, E.C. Aranda, M.E. Cebrián, M. Sordo, A. Bendesky, A.G. Muñoz, L.A. Saavedra, P.O. Wegman, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 255, 25 (2004)
182. S.U. Dani, Sci. Total Environ. 408, 1842 (2010)
183. J.J. Hu, N. Dubin, D. Kurland, B.L. Ma, G.C. Roush, Mutat. Res. 336, 193 (1995)
184. A.M. Salazar, E.C. Aranda, M.E. Cebrián, M. Sordo, A. Bendesky, A.G. Muñoz, L.A. Saavedra, P.O. Wegman, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 255, 25 (2004)
185. L.H. Yih, I.C. Ho, T.C. Lee, Cancer Res. 57, 5051 (1997)
186. L.H. Yih, T.C. Lee, Cancer Res. 60, 6346 (2000)
187. L.H. Yih, K. Peck, T.C. Lee, Carcinogenesis 23, 867 (2002)
188. A.N. Jha, M. Noditi, R. Nilsson, A.T. Natarajan, Mutat. Res. 284, 215 (1992)
189. D. Lerda, Mutat. Res. 312, 111 (1994)
190. M.E. Gonsebatt, L. Vega, A.M. Salazar, R. Montero, P. Guzmán, J. Blas, L.M. Del Razo, G. García-Vargas, A. Albores, M.E. Cebrián, M. Kelsh, P. Ostrosky-Wegman, Mutat. Res. 386, 219 (1997)
191. F.D. Natale, A. Erto, A. Lancia, D. Musmarra, Water Res. 42, 2007 (2008)
192. L. Lorenzen, J.S.J. van Deventer, W.M. Landi, Miner. Eng. 8, 557 (1995)
193. L. Jubinka, V. Rajakovic, Sep. Sci. Technol. 27, 1423 (1992)
194. H.E. Eguez, E.H. Cho, J. Metals. 39, 38 (1987)
195. W. Chen, R. Parette, J. Zou, F.S. Cannon, B.A. Dempsey, Water Res. 41, 1851 (2007)
196. V. Fierro, G. Muñiz, G. Gonzalez-Sánchez, M.L. BallinAs(, A. Celzard, J. Hazard. Mater. 168, 430 (2009)
197. A. Sharma, N. Verma, A. Sharma, D. Deva, N. Sankararamakrishnan, Chem. Eng. Sci. 65, 3591 (2010)
198. S. Zhang, J.P. Chen, Xiao.-yan. Li, Carbon 48, 60 (2010)
199. Q.L. Zhang, Y.C. Lin, X. Chen, N.Y. Gao, J. Hazard. Mater. 148, 671 (2007)
200. Z. Gu, J. Fang, B. Deng, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 3833 (2005)
201. T. Budinova, D. Savova, B. Tsyntsarski, C.O. Ania, B. Cabal, J.B. Parra, N. Petrov, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 4650 (2009)
202. Z. Liu, Fu.-Shen. Zhang, R. Sasai, Chem. Eng. J. 160, 57 (2010)
203. P. Mondal, C.B. Majumder, B. Mohanty, J. Hazard. Mater. 153, 588 (2008)
204. G.N. Manju, C. Raji, T.S. Anirudhan, Water Res. 32, 3062 (1998)
205. M.P. Elizalde-González, J. Mattusch, R. Wennrich, Bioresour. Technol. 99, 5134 (2008)
206. K. Nasir, A. Shujaat, T. Aqidat, A. Jamil, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 16, 655 (1988)
207. M.N. Amin, S. Kaneco, T. Kitagawa, A. Begum, H. Katsumata, T. Suzuki, K. Ohta, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45, 8105 (2006)
208. D. Ranjan, M. Talat, S.H. Hasan, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 1050 (2009)
209. C.K. Lee, K.S. Low, S.C. Liew, C.S. Choo, Environ. Technol. 20, 971 (1999)
210. A. Shukla, Y.H. Zhang, P. Dubey, J.L. Margrave, S.S. Shukla, J. Hazard. Mater. 95, 137 (2002)
211. C. Namasivayam, S. Senthilkumar, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37, 4816 (1998)
212. E. Diamadopoulos, S. Ioannidisand, G.P. Sakellaropoulos, Water Res. 27, 1773 (1993)
213. S. Kanel, H. Choi, J. Kim, S. Vigneswaran, W. Shim, Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 41, 130 (2006)
214. S.J. Allen, L.J. Whitten, M. Murray, O. Duggan, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 68, 442 (1997)
215. S.J. Allen, P. Brown, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 62, 17 (1995)
216. D. Mohan, S. Chander, J. Hazard. Mater. 137, 1545 (2006)
217. R. Sneddon, H. Garelick, E. Valsami-jones, Mineral. Mag. 69, 769 (2005)
218. M. Fan, W. Marshall, D. Daugaard, R.C. Brown, Bioresour. Technol. 93, 103 (2004)
219. D. Mohan, C.U. Pittman Jr., M. Bricka, F. Smith, B. Yancey, J. Mohammad, P.H. Steele, M.F. Alexandre-Franco, V.G. Serrano, H. Gong, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 310, 57 (2007)
220. H.S. Altundogan, S. Altundogan, F. Tumen, M. Bildik, Waste Manage. (Oxford) 20, 761 (2000)
221. H. Genc-Fuhrman, J.C. Tjell, D. McConchie, O. Schuiling, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 264, 327 (2003)
222. H. Genc-Fuhrman, J.C. Tjell, D. McConchie, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 271, 313 (2004)
223. S.K. Maji, A. Pal, T. Pal, J. Hazard. Mater. 151, 811 (2008)
224. S. Chakravarty, V. Dureja, G. Bhattacharyya, S. Maity, S. Bhattacharjee, Water Res. 36, 625 (2002)
225. L.K. Ongley, Ma.A. Armienta, K. Heggeman, A.S. Lathrop, H. Mango, W. Miller, S. Pickelne, Geochem.: Explor. Environ., Anal. 1, 23 (2001)
226. B.A. Manning, S. Goldberg, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 2005 (1997)
227. B.A. Manning, S. Goldberg, Soil Sci. 162, 886 (1997)
228. B.A. Manning, S. Goldberg, Clays Clay Miner. 44, 609 (1996)
229. R.J.A. Minja, T. Ebina, Clay Science 12, 41 (2002)
230. H. Zhang, H.M. Selim, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 1067 (2004)
231. B. Petrusevski, S.K. Sharma, F. Kruis, P. Omeruglu, J.C. Schippers, Water. Sci. Technol.: Water Supply 2(5-6), 127 (2002)
232. S. Bajpai, M. Choudhuri, J. Environ. Eng. 125, 782 (1999)
233. A. Hanson, J. Bates, D. Heil, J. Environ. Eng. 126, 1160 (2000)
234. T.V. Nguyen, S. Vigneswaran, H.H. Ngo, D. Pokhrel, T. Viraraghavan, Eng. Life Sci. 6, 86 (2006)
235. D.M. Ramkrishna, T. Viraraghavan, Y.-C. Jin, Pract. Periodical of Haz., Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Mgmt. 10, 198 (2006)
236. R.C. Vaishya, S.K. Gupta, J. Environ. Eng. 129, 89 (2003)
237. O.S. Thirunavukkaru, T. Viraraghavan, K.S. Subramanian, S. Tanjore, Urban Water 4, 415 (2002)
238. O.S. Thirunavukkarasu, T. Viraraghavan, K.S. Subramanian, O. Chaalal, M.R. Islam, Energy Sources Part A 27, 209 (2005)
239. R.C. Vaishya, S.K. Gupta, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 78, 73 (2002)
240. R.C. Vaishya, S.K. Gupta, Sep. Sci. Technol. 39, 645 (2004)
241. M.P. Elizalde-González, J. Mattusch, W.-D. Einicke, R. Wennrich, Chem. Eng. J. 81, 187 (2001)
242. Y. Xu, T. Nakajima, A. Ohki, J. Hazard. Mater. 92, 275 (2002)
243. Y. Jeong, M. Fan, S. Singh, C.L. Chuang, B. Saha, J.H. Leeuwen, Chem. Eng. Process. 46, 1030 (2007)
244. M.J. DeMarco, A.K. SenGupta, J.E. Greenleaf, Water Res. 37, 164 (2003)
245. Y. Zhang, M. Yang, X. Huang, Chemosphere 51, 945 (2003)
246. S. Kundu, A.K. Gupta, Chem. Eng. J. 122, 93 (2006)
247. C.M. Iesan, C. Capat, F. Ruta, I. Udrea, Water Res. 42, 4327 (2008)
248. F. Chang, J. Qu, R. Liu, X. Zhao, P. Lei, J. Environ. Sci. 22, 1 (2010)
249. T. Kwon, G.A. Tsigdinos, T.J. Pinnavaia, J. Am. Soc. 110, 36 (1988)
250. D. Mohan, C.U. Pittman Jr, J. Hazard. Mater. 142, 1 (2007)
251. L. Yang, Z. Shahrivari, P.K.D. Liu, M. Sahimi, T.T. Tsotsis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44, 6804 (2005)
252. A. Bhaumik, S. Samanta, N.K. Mal, Indian J. Chem., Sect A 44A, 1406 (2005)
253. G.P. Gillman, Sci. Total Environ. 366, 926 (2006)
254. Y. Kiso, Y.J. Jung, T. Yamada, M. Nagai, K.S. Min, Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply 5, 75 (2005)
255. V. Lenoble, C. Laclautre, V. Deluchat, B. Serpaud, J.C. Bollinger, J. Hazard. Mater. 123, 262 (2005)
256. V. Zaspalis, A. Pagana, S. Sklari, Desalination 217, 167 (2007)
257. A. Gupta, V. Singh Chauhan, N. Sankararamakrishnan, Water Res. 43, 3862 (2009)
258. K. Tyrovola, N.P. Nikolaidis, N. Veranis, N.K. Kontos, P.E. Koulouridakis, Water Res. 40, 2375 (2006)
259. L. Cornejo, H. Lienqueo, M. Aren, J. Acarapi, D. Contrer, J. Yáñez, H.D. Mansilla, Environ. Pollut. 156, 827 (2008)
260. S.S. Tripathy, A.M. Raichur, Chem. Eng. J. 138, 179 (2008)
261. X.H. Guan, T. Su, J. Wang, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 39 (2009)
262. X. Guan, H. Dong, J. Ma, L. Jiang, Water Res. 43, 3891 (2009)
263. D. Pokhrel, T. Viraraghavan, J. Hazard. Mater. 150, 818 (2008)
264. D. Pokhrel, T. Viraraghavan, Water Res. 40, 549 (2006)
265. D. Pokhrel, T. Viraraghavan, Bioresour. Technol. 99, 2067 (2008)
266. G.S. Murugesan, M. Sathishkumar, K. Swaminathan, Bioresour. Technol. 97, 483 (2006)
267. H.K. Hansen, A. Ribeiro, E. Mateus, Miner. Eng. 19, 486 (2006)
268. M.X. Loukidou, K.A. Matis, A.I. Zouboulis, M. Liakopoulou-Kyriakidou, Water Res. 37, 4544 (2003)
269. C. Gérente, Y. Andrès, G. McKay, P. Le Cloirec, Chem. Eng. J. 158, 593 (2010)
270. L. Dambies, T. Vincent, E. Guibal, Water Res. 36, 3699 (2002)
271. V.M. Boddu, K. Abburi, J.L. Talbott, E.D. Smith, R. Hach, Water Res. 42, 633 (2008)
272. D. Mohan, C.U. Pittman Jr., M. Bricka, F. Smith, B. Yancey, J. Mohammad, P.H. Steele, M.F. Alexandre-Franco, V. Gómez-Serrano, Henry. Gong, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 310, 57 (2007)
273. Y. Zhao, M. Huang, W. Wu, W. Jin, Desalination 249, 1006 (2009)
274. P.K. Pandey, S. Choubey, Y. Verma, M. Pandey, K. Chandra Shekhar, Bioresour. Technol. 100, 634 (2009)
275. C.P. Chio, M.C. Lin, C.M. Liao, J. Hazard. Mater. 171, 859 (2009)
276. C.H. Niu, B. Volesky, D. Cleiman, Water Res. 41, 2473 (2007)
277. D.N. Joshi, S.J.S. Flora, K. Kalia, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 1500 (2009)
278. J.A. Baig, T.G. Kazi, A.Q. Shah, G.A. Kandhro, H.I. Afridi, S. Khan, N.F. Kolachi, J. Hazard. Mater. 178, 941 (2010)
279. C.T. Kamala, K.H. Chu, N.S. Chary, P.K. Pandey, S.L. Ramesh, A.R.K. Sastry, K. Chandra Sekhar, Water Res. 39, 2815 (2005)
280. S.W.A. Rmalli, C.F. Harrington, M. Ayub, P.I. Haris, J. Environ. Monit. 7, 279 (2005)
281. P. Kumari, P. Sharma, S. Srivastava, M.M. Srivastava, Int. J. Miner. Process. 78, 131 (2006)
282. D. Teclu, G. Tivchev, M. Laing, M. Wallis, Water Res. 42, 4885 (2008)
283. R.P. Das, S. Anand, Hydrometallurgy 53, 267 (1999)
284. M.B. Baskan, A. Pala, Desalination 254, 42 (2010)
285. V. Pallier, G.F. Cathalifaud, B. Serpaud, J.C. Bollinger, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 342, 26 (2010)
286. S. Song, A. Lopez-Valdivieso, D.J. Hernandez-Campos, C. Peng, M.G. Monroy-Fernandez, I. Razo-Soto, Water Res. 40, 364 (2006)
287. W.R. Richmond, M. Loan, J. Morton, G.M. Parkinson, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 2368 (2004)
288. P.R. Kumar, S. Chaudhari, K.C. Khilar, S.P. Mahajan, Chemosphere 55, 1245 (2004)
289. J. Iqbal, H.J. Kim, J.S. Yang, K. Baek, J.W. Yang, Chemosphere 66, 970 (2007)
290. H. Gecol, E. Ergican, A. Fuchs, J. Membr. Sci. 241, 105 (2004)
291. E. Ergicana, H. Gecol, J. Membr. Sci. 325, 69 (2008)
292. P. Brandhuber, G. Amy, Desalination 140, 1 (2001)
293. B. Gupta, Z. Begum I, Sep. Purif. Technol. 63, 77 (2008)
294. W. Brostow, M. Gahutishvili, R. Gigauri, H.E. Hagg Lobland, S. Japaridze, N. Lekishvili, Chem. Eng. J. 159, 24 (2010)
295. Y. Li, J. Wang, Y. Zhao, Z. Luan, Sep. Purif. Technol. 73, 264 (2010)
296. C. Huang, B. Hu, Z. Jiang, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 62, 454 (2007)
297. R. Güell, C. Fontàs, V. Salvadó, E. Anticó, Sep. Purif. Technol. 72, 319 (2010)
298. Z. Chen, K.F. Akter, M.M. Rahman, R. Naidu, Microchem. J. 89, 20 (2008)
299. P. Palfy, E. Vircikova, L. Molnar, Waste Manage. (Oxford) 19, 55 (1999)
300. WHO. Environmental Health Criteria 224. Arsenic and arsenic compounds Second edition. (Geneva: WHO, 2001)