Everyday politics: Reconnecting citizens and public life

Everyday Politics: Reconnecting Citizens and Public Life

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-239

  Boyte, Harry C ^a  

^a NONE

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References (396)

1. " Aristotle: The Politicsand the Constitution of Athens, ed. Stephen Everson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 31.
2. www.pps.org.
3. Richard L. Wood, Faith in Action: Religion, Race, and Democratic Organizing in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
4. Carmen Sirianni and Lewis Friedland, Civic Innovation in Anzerica:Community Enzpowerment, Public Policy, and the Movement for Civic Renewal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
5. Harry C. Boyte, Common Wealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989).
6. Christian Meier, The GreekDiscoveryof Politics(Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1990).
7. Jean Bethke Elshtain, Public Man, Private Woman: Women in Social and Political Thought (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981).
8. Helen P. Foley, ed., Reflections on Women in Antiquity (New York: Gordon and Breach, 1981).
9. James Farr, and Russell L. Hanson, Political Innovation and Conceptual Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
10. " The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogyof Pragmatism (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989), 228.
11. Lew Friedland, CivicInnovation in America: Community Empowerment, Public Policy, and the Movementfor CivicRenewal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
12. Helen Ayala, Larry Batson, Robert Bellah, Yvonne Cheek, Harlan Cleveland, Earl Craig, Rich Dethmers, E. J. Dionne, Sara Evans, John Gardner, Daniel Kemmis, Jane Mansbridge, David Mathews, Peg Michels, Bernard Murchland, Barbara Nelson, Pat Scully, Alan Stoskops, Ellen Tenity, and Eddie Williams. Moynihan quoted in Michael Novak, "Rediscovering Culture, " Journal of Democracy 12, 2 (2001): 170.
13. Joan Didion, Political Fictions (York: Knopf, 2001), 28.
14. "Bush Outlines His Goals, " New York Times, August 4, 2000, A20.
15. T. Bush, "The American Spirit: Meeting the Challenge of September 11, " 2002, 4.
16. Robert Wiebe, Self-Rule: A Cultural History of American Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).
17. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, Building America: The Democratic Promise of Public York (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
18. E. J. Dionne, and Kayla Meltzer Drogosz, The Promise of National Service, " (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2003).
19. Harold Cruse, The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual (New York: Quill 1984), 34.
20. Mark Ritson, The Reversal of Production and Consumption at the Minnesota State Fair, " CURA Reporter 30, 3 (2000): 1-4.
21. Harry C. Boyte, Reconstructing Democracy, response to critics, " in the Symposium on Commonwealth, Civil Society, and Democratic Renewal, PEGSJournal: The GoodSociety 9, 2 (1999): 33.
22. Susan Faludi, Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Male (New York: William Morris, 1999).
23. Richard C. Harwood, "The Nation's Looking Glass, " Kettering Review (Spring 2000): 15-16.
24. Harwood, "The Nation's Looking Glass, " 7-8.
25. Harry C. Boyte, "Nader's Trial Lawyer Populism, " New Democrats On-Line (September 8, 2000): 1. WWW.ppionline.orglppi-ci.cfm?contentid= 2231&knlgAreaID=127&subsecid=170.
26. Al Gore New York University speech, July 20, 2003, accessed at www.Alternet.org August 7, 2003.
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28. Michael Schudson, "How People Learn to be Civic, " in Dionne, Drogosz, and Litan, United We Serve, 270.
29. Amitai Etzioni, The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda (New York: Crown Publishers, 1993).
30. Dana Milbank, "Catchword for Bush Ideology: 'Communitarianism' Finds Favor, " WashingtonPost, February 1, 2001.
31. Jean B. Elshtain, David Blankenhorn, and the Council on Civil Society, eds., A Call to Civil Society: Why Democracy Needs Moral Truths (New York: Institute for American Values, 1998), 3, 5.
32. Declaration on Education and Civil Society, www.aacc.nche.edu/Content/ NavigationMenu/ResourceCenter/Projects-Partnerships/Current/CommunityBuildingl/ PartnerinInitiative.htm Accessed April 1, 2003.
33. William A. Galston, "Political Knowledge, Political Engagement, and Civic Education, " Annual Review of PoliticalScience 4 (2001): 217-34.
34. Dan Conrad, "Learner Outcomes for Community Service, " The Generator (September 1989): 1-2.
35. New World Dictionary of the American Language(New York: William Collins, 1972).
36. Schudson, "How People Learn to Be Civic, " 270.
37. Seyla Benhabib, The Claims of Culture:Equality and Diversity in the Global Era Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002), 57, 60.
38. Rogers M. Smith, Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999), 30, 36.
39. Harold Lasswell, Politics:Who Gets What, When, How (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1936).
40. Theda Skocpol, Marshall Ganz, and Ziad Munson "A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional Origins of Civic Voluntarism in the United States, " American PoliticalScienceReview 94, 3 (2000): 527-46.
41. Time cover story, "The Lost Gospels, " December 22, 2003.
42. Dean Mohs, "Celebrating and Encouraging Community Involvement of Older Minnesotans: A Snapshot of Current Minnesota Baby Boomers and Older Adults, " Minnesota Board of Aging, April 2000, 6, 3.
43. John Lukacs, Outgrowing Democracy:A History of the United States in the Twentieth Century (New York: New York University Press, 1984), 123.
44. M. Jordan, Machine Age Ideology:SocialEngineeringand American Liberalism, 1911-1939 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984).
45. Business Veek, front page editorial, October 12, 1974.
46. Moyers speech, www.cornondreams.org/viewsoj/0610-11.htm.
47. Adam Cohen, "What Would Jesus Do? Sock It to Alabama's Corporate Landowners, " New York Times, June 10, 2003.
48. Lawrence Goodwyn, The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 1978).
49. Lary May, The Big Tomorrow:Hollywood and the Politics of the American Way (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000).
50. Harry C. Boyte, Community Is Possible:Repairing America's Roots (New York: HarperCollins, 1984).
51. Commen Wealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989).
52. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, Building America: The Democratic Promise of Public Work (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986).
53. The web page on black populism, http://kalamumagazine.com/black-populism- intro.htm.
54. Saul Alinsky makes this point about democracy in Reveille for Radicals (New York: Random House, 1946).
55. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion:An American History (New York: Basic Books, 1995).
56. Lisabeth Cohen, Making a New Deal:Industrial Workersin Chicago, 19191939 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
57. Boyte, CommonWealth and Carmen Sirianni and Lew Friedland, Civic Innovation in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
58. Paul Krugman, "Toward One-Party Rule, " New York Times, June 27, 2003.
59. Krugman, "For Richer, " New York Times Magazine, October 20, 2002, 2, 6.
60. Harry C. Boyte, "Populism and the Left, " Democracy 1, 2 (April 1981):53-66.
61. Byron Dorgan, Boyte and Kari, "The New Populism, " 5.
62. Benjamin Barber, The Truth of Power: IntellectualAffairs in the Clinton Era (New York: Norton, 2001).
63. Chris Williams, Harry C. Boyte, Heather Booth, and Steve Max, Citizen Action and the New American Populism (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986).
64. John Herbers, "Canvassers Hope to Reach 15Million on Energy Costs, " New York Times, March 27, 1983.
65. John Iudis, "The Pressure Elite, " American Prospect 9 (1992).
66. Boyte, The BackyardRevolution.
67. Ralph Nader quoted from Sam How Verhovek, "An Unrepentant Nader unveils a new Grass- Roots Project, " New York Times, August 6, 2001.
68. Dana Fisher, August 15, 2001, Minneapolis to New York. 19.
69. Interview with Kathy Magnuson, Minneapolis, February 14, 2002.
70. Hubert H. Humphrey, The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991), 8-10.
71. Arlie Hochschild, "Let Them Eat War, " www.Alternet.org, October 2, 2003.
72. Jane Addams, "On Political Reform, " in Democracy and Social Ethics (New York: Macmillan, 1902), 270.
73. Addams, Democracy, 256.
74. Daniel Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: The Rise of Social Politics, 1900-1945 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press), 108.
75. John Jordan, Machine-Age Ideology: Social Engineering and American Liberalism, 1911-1939 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 75.
76. Jordan, Ideology, 76, 77.
77. Jordan, Ideology, 81-82.
78. Jordan, Ideology, 79.
79. Dewey, "School as Social Centre, " Elementary School Teacher 3 (1902): 86.
80. Burton Bledstein, The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Classand the Development of Higher Education in America (New York: Norton, 1976).
81. Robert Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1870-1920 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967).
82. Michael B. Katz, In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Wefare in America (New York: Basic Books, 1986).
83. Christopher Lasch, Haven in a Heartless World: The Family Besieged(New York: Basic Books, 1977).
84. Laura Shapiro, PeriectionSalad: Wonlen and Cooking at the Turn of the Century (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1987), 91-95.
85. Howard Zinn, "Middle Class America Refurbished, " in Allen Davis and Harold Woodman, eds., Conflict and Consensus in Ametican History (Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1972), 306.
86. John Kenneth Galbraith, New Industrial State (New York: Signet Books, 1967), 109.
87. Gunnar Myrdal, Jeffrey Galper, The Politics of Social Services(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975), 113.
88. Alan Ehrenhalt, The United States of Ambition (New York: Times Books, 1991) ; Rick Knobe quote, 73.
89. William Scharnbra, The Quest for Community and the Quest for a New Public Philosophy (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1983), 30.
90. Hedrick Smith, "Reagan's Populist Coalition, " New York Times, March 16, 1980.
91. Robert A. Nisbet, The Quest for Community (New York: Harper, 1954).
92. Peter Berger, Facing Up to Modernity: Excursionsin Society, Politics, and Religion (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
93. Peter Berger and Richard John Neuhaus, To EmpowerPeople:The Role of Mediating Institutions in Public Policy (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1977).
94. David Brooks, "The Presidency Wars, " New York Times, September 30, 2003, A29.
95. Charles Payne, I've Got the Light of Freedom:The OrganizingTradition and the MississippiFreedomStruggle(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996).
96. Saul Alinsky, Reveillefor Radicals(New York: Random House, 1946), 13-14.
97. Carmen Sirianni and Lew Friedland, CivicInnovation in America; Community Empowerment, Public Policy, and the Movement for Civic Renewal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
98. William J. Doherty, and J. M. Beaton, "Family Therapists, Community, and Civic Renewal, " Family Process 39 (2000): 149-61.
99. Julie Ellison, "Foreseeable Futures: The New Politics of Public Scholarship and Cultural Knowledge, " speech to the University of Minnesota, May 7, 2003.
100. Thomas A. Lyson, "Moving Toward Civic Agriculture, " Choices 3 (2002): 42-45.
101. Bernard Crick, In Defense of Politics (London: Continuum, 1962).
102. The Birth of PoliticalSciencein Ancient GreekThought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
103. Giovanni Sartori, "What Is Politics, " Political Theory I, 1 (1973):1-36.
104. Harry C. Boyte, "A Different Kind of Politics: John Dewey and the Meaning of Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century, " Dewey Lecture at the University of Michigan, November 1, 2002, at www.cpn.org/crm/contemporary/ different.html.
105. Harry C. Boyte, "A Conceptual History of Public Work, "in Harry C. Boyte Boyte, Nan Kari, Jim Lewis, Nan Skelton, et al., Creating the Commonwealth (Dayton, Oh.: Kettering Foundation, 1999).
106. Richard Wood, Faith in Action: Religion, Race, and Democratic Organizing in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 211.
107. Harry C. Boyte, CommonWealth:A Return to Citizen Politics(New York: Free Press, 1989).
108. Mark Warren, Dry Bones Rattling: Community-Building to Revitalize American Democracy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001).
109. Sirianni and Friedland, Civic Innovation in America.
110. Mike Gecan, Going Public (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002), 5.
111. Warren, Dry Bones Rattling; Paul Osterman, Gathering Power: The Future of ProgressivePoliticsin America (Boston: Beacon Press, 2003).
112. Dennis Shirley, Valley Interfaith and School Reform: Organizingfor Power in South Texas (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002).
113. "Essay, " Time, March 2, 1980.
114. Charles E. Silberman, Crisis in Black and White (New York: Vintage, 1964), 318.
115. Dan Dodson, "The Church, Power, and Saul Alinsky, " Religion in Life (Spring 1967): 2.
116. Green, World, 28 -31.
117. Green, World, 163.
118. John S. McGrath and James J. Delmont, Floyd BjornsterneOlson:Minnesota's GreatestLiberal Governor, a Memorial Volume (Minneapolis: McGrath and Delmont, 1939), 249.
119. Robert Fisher, Let the PeopleDecide:A History of Neighborhood Organizing in America (Boston: Twayne, 1986).
120. David Brody, "The Emergence of Mass Production Unionism, " in John Braeman, Robert H. Bremner, and Everett Walters, eds., Change and Continuity in Twentieth-Century America (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1964), 221-64.
121. Irving Howe and Lewis Coser, The American Communist Party: A CriticalHistory (New York: Praeger, 1962).
122. Jefferson Fisher, Let the People Decide, jo.Terry Pettus, interview, Seattle, March 14, 1983.
123. Robert A. Slayton, Back of the Yards: The Making of a Local Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 203.
124. Fisher, People, 54-56.
125. Saul David Alinsky, " Reveille for Radicals (New York: Random House, 1946), 76, 79.
126. Simone Weil, The Need for Roots (New York: Harper and Row, 1971).
127. Mary G. Dietz, Between the Human and the Divine: The Political Thought of Simone Weil (Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1988).
128. Alfred Schutz, Collected Papers, vol. 1, ed. Maurice Natanson (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962), 53.
129. Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The SocialConstruction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Penguin, 1967), 37.
130. Richard J. Bernstein, The Restructuringof Socialand PoliticalTheory (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1976), 168.
131. Harry C. Boyte, The Backyard Revolution: Understandingthe New Citizen Movement (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980).
132. Alinsky, Reveille, 76.
133. Gary Delgado, Organizing the Movement: The Roots and Growth ofACORN (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986).
134. Boyte, The BackyardRevolution, for a detailed description of the differences in organizing methods. 24.
135. John McKnight and John Kretzmann, "Toward a Post-Alinsky Agenda, " Social Policy (Winter 1984): 15-18.
136. Harry C. Boyte, Community Is Possible:Repairing America's Roots (New York: Harper and Row, 1984).
137. Fisher, Let the PeopleDecide.
138. "The Professional Radical: Conversations with Saul Alinsky, " from Harper's, June, July 1965, 9.
139. Saul Alinsky, "Is There Life After Birth?" Speech to the Centennial Meeting of the Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass., June 7, 1967 (Chicago: IAF reprint), 12-13.
140. Fisher, Let the PeopleDecide, for a detailed discussion of the issue of BYNC's shifting racial stance.
141. Peter Skerry, "Neighborhood COPS, " New Republic, February 6, 1984, 23.
142. Telephone interview with Gerald Taylor, Minneapolis to Durham, April 26,2002.
143. Theodor Adorno et al., The Positivist Dispute in German Sociologytrans. Glyn Adey and David Frisby (London: Heinemann, 1976).
144. Gecan, Going Public, 35.
145. Gecan, Going Public, 171.
146. Osterman, Gathering Power, 82-83.
147. "Work, " New World Dictionary; and Plublius quoted in Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (New York: Basic Books, 1995), 9.
148. Marvin B. Becker, The Emergence of Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994).
149. Hegel, Becker, Emergence of Civil Society, 122- 123.
150. Karl Marx, The German Ideology (New York: International Publishers, 1981), 84.
151. Tony Fluxman and Peter Vale, "Re-reading Rick Turner in the New South Africa, " International Relations 18, 2 (2004).
152. Michael Harrington, The Twilight of Capitalism (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976), 291.
153. Ralph Miliband, Marxism and Politics (Oxford: Oxford Univerity Press, 1977), 44.
154. Stanley Aronowitz, "The Working Class: A Break with the Past, " in Colin Greer, ed., Divided Society: The Ethnic Experience in America (New York: Basic Books, 1974), 312-13.
155. Harry C. Boyte, "Populism and the Left, " democracy 1, 2 (April 1981): 53-66.
156. CommonWealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989).
157. E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, 2nd ed. (New York: Vintage, 1966).
158. Harry C. Boyte and Sara M. Evans, "Democratic Politics and a Critique of the Left, " Tikkun (Summer 1987).
159. Michael Walzer, Interpretation and Social Criticism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987).
160. Sara M. Evans and Harry C. Boyte, FreeSpaces:The Sourcesof Democratic Changein America (New York: Harper and Row, 1986.
161. Lawrence Goodwyn, The Populist Moment (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 1980).
162. Frederick Harris, "Will the Circle Be Unbroken? The Erosion and Transformation of African American Civic Life, " Report for the National Commission on Civic Renewal (College Park, Md.: Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, 1999).
163. James C. Scott, Seeinglike a State:How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998).
164. Lawrence Goodwyn, Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity (Cambridge: Oxford University Press), 338-90.
165. Peter Berger and Richard John Neuhaus, To EmpowerPeople:The Role of Mediating Structuresin PublicPolicy (Washington, D.C.: AEI, 1977).
166. William Sullivan, Reconstructing Public Philosophy (Berkeley: University of California, 1985).
167. Cornel West, The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogyof Pragmatism (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989).
168. Boyte, "Populism and the Left".
169. Boyte and Nan Kari, Building America: The DemocraticPromise of Public Work (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986).
170. Jurgen Habermas, "Historical Materialism and the Development of Normative Structures, " in Communication and the Evolution of Society (Boston: Beacon Press, 1979), 97.
171. Immanuel Kant, Raul Tyson, Odysseusand the Cyclops(Dayton, Oh.: Kettering Foundation, 1988), 1.
172. Jurgen Habermas, Transiormation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989).
173. Cornel West, Sheldon Hackney, "Toward a National Conversation, " ResponsiveCommunity (Spring 1994): 36.
174. A Call to Civil Society: Why Democracy Needs Moral Truths (New York: Institute for American Values, 1998).
175. E. J. Dionne, Why Civil Society? Why Now? (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998).
176. Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Societyand Political Theory (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992).
177. lurgen Habermas, Knowledgeand Human Interests (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), 58.
178. Habermas, Knowledge, 58.
179. Langston Hughes, CollectedPoems of Langston Hughes (New York: Vintage, 1995), 267.
180. Frances Willard, Woman and Temperance: The Work and Workers of the Wonzen's Christian Temperance Union (1883; New York: Arno Press, 1972).
181. Melinda Chateauwert, Marching Together:Women of the Brotherhood of SleepingCar Porters (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997).
182. Cynthia Estlund, "Working Together: The Workplace, Civil Society, and the Law, " GeorgetownLaw journal 89, 1 (2000): pp. 1-96.
183. the symposium on Commonwealth, Civil Society, and Democratic Renewal in Pegs journal: The Good Society 9, 2 (1999): 1- 23.
184. Estlund, "Working Together, " 25.
185. Estlund, "Working Together, " 65.
186. Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking the Public Sphere, ".
187. Mary P. Ryan, "Gender and Public Access, ".
188. Geoff Eley, "Nations, Publics, and Political Cultures, " in Craig Calhoun, ed., Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992), 99-108.
189. Habermas, Transformation, 52.
190. Sara M. Evans and Harry C. Boyte, "Introduction, " in FreeSpaces(University of Chicago edition).
191. Boyte, Common Wealth, especially chapter 8, "The Larger Lessons of Community Initiative.".
192. Benjamin Barber, A Placefor How: How to Make Society Civil and Citizenship Strong (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998), 132.
193. Harry C. Boyte, "Civic Populism, " Perspectiveson Politics (2003). 31.
194. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 160-161.
195. Arendt, Condition, 19.
196. Arendt, Condition, 57, 19.
197. Edward Danforth Eddy, Collegesfor our Land and Time: The Land Grant Idea in American Education (New York: Harper and Row, 1956).
198. Harry C. Boyte, "Civic Education as a Craft, not a Program, " in Sheilah Mann and John J. Patrick, eds., Educationfor Civic Engagement in Democracy:Service Learning and other Promising Practices(Washington: APSA and EPIC Clearinghouse, 2001), 61.
199. William Galston, "Political Knowledge, Political Engagement, and Civic Education, " American Review of PoliticalScience 4 (2001): 219.
200. Galston, "Political Knowledge, " 219.
201. National Alliance for Civic Education, www.puaf.umd.edu/NACE.
202. Michael X., Delli Carpini and Scott Keeter, What Americans Know About Politicsand Why It Matters (New Haven., Conn: Yale University Press, 1996).
203. Galston, "Political Knowledge"; www.puaf.umd.edu/NACE.
204. Carpini and Keeter, Why It Matters; yearbook quote on NACE web site.
205. National Commission on the High School Senior Years, "Raising Our Sights: No High School Senior Left Behind, " Washington, D.C., October 4, 2001.
206. Richard Battistoni, Civic Engagement Across the Curriculum (Providence, R.I.: Campus Compact, 2001).
207. David Easton, A Systems Analysis of Political Life (New York: John Wiley, 1965).
208. Harold Laswell, Politics:Who Gets What, When, How (New York: PrenticeHall, 1935).
209. David Easton. Constance A. Flanagan, "Volunteerism, Leadership, Political Socialization, and Civic Engagement, " in Richard M. Lerner and Lawrence Steinberg, eds., Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley 2002).
210. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, Building America: The DemocraticPromise of Public work (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
211. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Skelton, "The Legacy of Public Work: Educating for Citizenship, " Educational Leadership 54, 5 (1997): 12- 17.
212. Harry C. Boyte and James Parr, "The Work of Citizenship and the Problem of Service-Learning, " in Richard M. Battiston and Williarn E. Hudson, eds., Experiencing Citizenship: Concepts and Models for ServiceLearning in Political Science (Washington, D.C.: AAHE, 1999): 35-48.
213. Jim Lewis, "Public Achievement at St. Bernard's School, in Harry C. Boyte, ed., Creating the Conunonweaith: Public Politicsand the Philosophyof Public Work (Dayton, Oh.: Kettering, 1999), 12-23.
214. Robert Hildreth, "Theorizing Citizenship and Evaluating Public Achievement, " PS:PoliticalScienceand Politics 33, 3 (2000): 627-34.
215. Boyte, "Civic Education as a Craft, Not a Program".
216. Harry C. Boyte, "A Tale of Two Playgrounds, " paper delivered at the American Political Science Association, September 1, 2001.
217. www.publicwork.org/research/.
218. the Public Achievement web site, organized by Elaine Eschenbacher, www.publicachievement.org.
219. the Mankato PA site http://krypton.mankato.msus.edu/o/o7Ejak3/pa/welcome. html.
220. Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 77.
221. Frederick Harris, "Will the Circle Be Unbroken? The Erosion and Transformation of African American Civic Life, " Report[rom the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, 1998, 20-26.
222. Johnny Ray Youngblood quoted from "Democratic Promise, " 2000 PBS documentary on Saul Alinsky.
223. Harry C. Boyte, FreeSpaces:The Sourcesof Democratic Change ill America (New York: Harper and Row, 1986).
224. Harry C. Boyte, Common wealth:Return to Citizen Politics(New York: Free Press, 1989).
225. www.publicachievement.org.
226. Circe Torruelas, account on the world wide PA List Serve, July 15, 2002.
227. Robert Hildreth, "Theorizing Citizenship, " on CDC web site, WWW.publicwork.org, research/workingpapers).
228. Ross Roholt, Robert Hildreth, and Michael Baizerman, "Year Four Evaluation of Public Achievement, 2002-3: Examining Young People's Experience of Public Achievement, " June, 2003, 3.
229. www.publicwork.org.
230. Roholt, Hildreth Baizerman, "Year Four Evaluation, " 7, 8.
231. Harry C. Boyte, "Citizen Education as a Craft, " 61.
232. Michael Kuhne, "Public Achievement Teaching Circle: Introducing the Core Concepts of Public Achievement, " discussion guide for faculty at MCTC, February 2003.
233. Joe O'Shea, "Civic Education as a Craft, " 67.
234. Roholt, Hildreth Baizerman, "Year Four Evaluation, " 14.
235. Harry C. Boyte, ed., Creating the Commonwealth (Dayton, Oh.: Kettering Foundation, 1999), 24.
236. Harry C. Boyte, Community Is Possible: Repairing America's Roots (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), chapter 2.
237. "Those Were the Days."
238. Dudley Cocke, Director of Roadside Theater at Appalshop, Kentucky, at the Imagining America conference, November 4, 2002, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
239. From evaluation interviews by Mike Baizerrnan, 2000.
240. Mary Harrison, Mary Harrison, Bina Nikrin, Jeffrey Stanton, Stacy Walshire, Kelly Wolfe, Shannon Ioern, "Group Paper: Reflections on the Jane Addams School for Democracy, " PA 5012, May 12, 2003.
241. Jane Addams, On Education (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishlers, 1994), 98-99.
242. Gioia Diliberto, A Useful Woman: The Early Life of lane Addams (New York: Scribner, 1999).
243. Harry C. Boyte, "The Struggle Against Positivism, " Academe (August 2000), on the web at http://www.aaup.org/publications/Academe/zooo/ooja/ IAooboyt.html.
244. Campus Compact Reader, special issue (Summer 2003).
245. Diliberto, Boyte, "The Struggle Against Positivism.".
246. Himmelfarb, Boyte, "Professions as a Public Craft, " working paper for the 2000 Wingspread conference on the New Information Commons, January 8, 2000, 6.
247. Simone Weil, Oppression and Liberty (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1973), 83, 106.
248. Jane Addams, "The Struggle Against Positivism.".
249. Canon Barnett "Report to the Bush Foundation, " Year 3, June 30, 2003, 1.
250. Myles Horton, The Long Haul: An Autobiography (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 101.
251. Kathleen Winters, Skelton et al, "Jane Addams School, " 30-31.
252. Nan Skelton, "Creating a Culture of Learning: The West Side Neighborhood Learning Community, " University of Minnesota Research Review (Spring 2002): 7.
253. Boyte et al., Creating the Commonwealth.
254. Harvard Family Research Project FINE interviews, on JAS, on web at FINE Forum e-Newsletter, Fall 2002, http://ww.gse.harvard.edu/hfrp/projects/fine/ fineforum/forums.
255. Skelton et al., "Jane Addams School, " 28- 29.
256. Benitez Skelton et al., "Jane Addams School, " 28.
257. Moua Skelton et al., "Jane Addams School, " 32.
258. Skelton et al., "Jane Addams School, " 32.
259. Phillip H. Sandro, "An Organizing Approach to Teaching, " Higher Education Exchange 2002: 37-48.
260. Harry C. Boyte and Jennifer O'Donoghue, "The Jane Addams School for Democracy, " Blueprint: Ideas for a New Century (Spring 1999): 63.
261. Skelton et al., "Jane Addams School, ".
262. Jeff Bauer, "Homeland Project: The Story of Five Hmong Girls and Their Journey Home, " master's paper, Humphrey Institute, June 2003, 14-15.
263. Skelton et al, "Jane Addams School, " 33.
264. James Farr, "The Secret History of Social Capital, " paper presented in the Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota, April, 2002, 36.
265. Lewis S. Feuer, "Dewey and Back-to-the-People Movement, " Journal of the History of Ideas 20 (1959): 546.
266. George Dykhuizen, "John Dewey: The Vermont Years, " Journal of the History of Ideas 20 (1959): 515-44.
267. Feuer, "Dewey, " 550-53.
268. John Dewey, "The Obligation to Knowledge of God, " Monthly Bulletin Student Christian Association 6 (University of Michigan, November 1884): 24.
269. Dewey, Introduction, The Living Thoughts of Thomas Jefferson(New York: Longman, Green, 1940), 20-22.
270. Excerpt from Questfor Certainty reprinted in the collection, The Philosophy of John Dewey, ed. John McDermott (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 357-382.
271. The Philosophyof John Dewey, McDermott, 351.
272. The Philosophyof John Dewey, McDermott, 651, 649-50.
273. John Dewey, "The School as Social Centre, " Elementary School Teacher 3 (1902): 86.
274. John Dewey, The Teacherand Society(New York: Appleton-Century, 1937), 335.
275. Dewey, The Teacherand Society, 336, 334.
276. Philosophyof John Dewey, McDermott, 457.
277. Interview with Deborah Meier, Boston, November 1, 2001.
278. Interview with Moriba Karamoko, Washington, June 1, 2001.
279. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, "Citizen Politics: Breaking the Iron Cage, " Dissent (Spring, 1994): 205- 11.
280. William J. Doherty and Jason S. Carroll, "The Citizen Therapist and Family- Centered Community Building: Introduction to a New Section of the Journal Family Process 41, 4 (2002): 561- 567.
281. William Doherty, Soul Searching(New York: Basic Books, 1995).
282. William Doherty, Minneapolis, July 22, 2001 http://fsos.che.umn.edu/ doherty/profautobio.html.
283. William Doherty, Minneapolis, July 22, 2001.
284. www.publicwork.org/researchandalsotheDohertywebsite.
285. Felice Nudelman, Manager of the College Marketing Program for the Times, and her colleague Eric Hellstern recounted this study in depth, and Nudelman later sent me the internal summary of the focus groups. In author's possession.
286. The definition of civic engagement is taken from the first document of the Civic Engagement Task Force, Preliminary Report to the Provost, December 15, 2000, available on the University of Minnesota's public engagement web site (www.umn.edu/civicunderreports.
287. William F. Massy, Honoring the Trust: Quality and Cost Containment in Higher Education (Bolton, Mass.: Anker, 2003), 3, 9, 10.
288. Harry C. Boyte, Public Engagement in a Civic Mission (Washington, D.C.: Council on Public Policy Education, 1999).
289. William Sullivan, Institutional Identity and Social Responsibility (Washington, D.C.: Council on Public Policy Education, 2001), 2, 3.
290. John Saltmarsh, Minneapolis to Providence, June 15, 2002.
291. Bryan Turner, "Introduction to Second Edition, " in Bryan Turner, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), xviii.
292. Craig Calhoun, "Social Theory and the Public Sphere, " in Turner, BlackwellCompanion, 510.
293. Peter Senge, The Fifth Discipline:The Art 6- Practiceof the Learning Organization (New York: Doubleday, 1994).
294. Massy, Honoring the Trust, 24.
295. Lee G. Bolman and Terrence E. Deal, Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership, 2nd ed. (San Francisco: Iossey-Bass, 1997), 14.
296. Bolman Deal, Reiraming Organizations, 193.
297. Rom Coles, "Moving Democracy: IAF Social Movements and the Political Arts of Listening, Traveling, and Tabling in a Heterogeneous World, " September 2, 2002.
298. Maria Avila, "Transforming the Culture of Academia: An Organizing Based Model of Civic Engagement, " draft in author's possession, August II, 2003.
299. The Dream and the Deal: The Federal Writers Project, 1935-1943 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972), 373.
300. Edwin Fogelman, Preliminary Report to the Provost, December 15, 2000, 2.
301. Interview with Julie Ellison, Ann Arbor, November 2, 2002.
302. Interview with Victor Bloomfield, Minneapolis, November 14, 2001.
303. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, "Excerpts from Justices' Opinions, " New York Times, June 24, 2003, 26.
304. James Madison, Harry C. Boyte, CommonWealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (New York: Free Press, 1999).
305. Richard Wood, Faith in Action: Religion, Race, and Democratic Organizing in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 211, 153.
306. Julie Ellison, "Foreseeable Futures, " Lecture at the University of Minnesota, May 7, 2003, 6, 9.
307. Barry Checkoway, "The Wingspread Declaration: Renewing the Civic Mission of the American Research University" (June 1999).
308. www.compact.org.
309. www.umn.edu/civic.
310. Renewing the Covenant, 24.
311. Michael McPhersonad, "Beyond the Campus Wall, " New York Times, September 29, 2002.
312. Star Tribune, June 1, 2002.
313. Jane Addams, On Education (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1994), 98-99.
314. Bernard Crick, In Defense of Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962, 1992), 96-98.
315. William Tierney, "The Academic Profession and the Culture of the Faculty: A Perspective on Latin American Universities, " in Kenneth Kempner and William Tierney, eds., The Social Role of Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives(New York: Garland, 1996), 15- 16.
316. Barbara Nelson, "Education for the Public Interest, " speech at NASPAA, October 17, 2002, at http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/ documents/aspa/unpanooocyo.pdf.
317. Jack Homer and Bobby Milstein, "Optimal Decision Making in a Dynamic Model of Community Health, " Syndemics Prevention Network, http://www.cdc.gov/syndernicsvi.
318. www.NewAmerica.org.
319. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, "Commonwealth Democracy, " Dissent (Fall 1997): 56.
320. Garrett Hardin, "The Tragedy of the Commons, " Science 162 (1968): 1244.
321. Warren Ortman Ault Open FieldFarming in Medieval England (London: Allen and Unwin, 1992).
322. Robert Dodgshon, "The Interpretation of Subdivided Fields: A Study in Private or Communal Interests, " in Trevor Roley, ed., The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture (London: Croom Helm, 1981).
323. Elinor Ostrom, "Polycentricity, Complexity, and the Commons, " lead article in the Symposium on Community Governance of Common Resources, A PEGSJournal: The GoodSociety 9, 2 (1999): 37- 38.
324. Melissa Bass, "The Politics and Civics of National Service, " Ph.D. dissertation in process (Brandeis, Political Science), Chapter 3.
325. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, Building America: The DemocraticPromise of Public Work (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
326. C. H. Blanchard, "I Talk with My CCC Boys, " Phi Delta Kappan (special edition on Education in the CCC Camps) 19, 9 (1937): 354.
327. www.publicwork.org.
328. Peter Levine, "Building the Electronic Commons, " Civic Renewal and the Commons of Cyberspace National Civic Review 90, 3 (2001): 206.
329. Harry Boyte and Paul Resnick, "Civic Extension for the Information Age, " http://www.si.umich.edu/presnick/papers/civicextension/.
330. Peter Levine, 'Civic Renewal and the Commons in Cyberspace, " National Civic Review 90, 3 (2001): 205-12.
331. Gar Alperovitz, Thad Williamson, and David Imbroscio, Making a Place for Community (Nevv York: Routledge, 2002).
332. Gar Alperovitz, "Systemic Issues and Sustainability in the New Era, " in Jonathan Harris, ed., Rethinking Sustainability: Power, Knowledge and Institutions (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000).
333. Gar Alperovitz and Jeff Faux, Rebuilding America (New York: Pantheon, 1984).
334. Melissa Bass, "National Service.".
335. Alabama story from interview with Carol Shields, Minneapolis, June 15, 1995.
336. Harry C. Boyte and Nancy N. Kari, "Democracy of the People, " in Dwight F. Burlingame, William A. Diaz, Warren F. Hehman and Associates, eds. Capacity for Change? The Nonprofit World in the Age of Devolution (Bloomington: Indiana Center on Philanthropy, 1996), 109-24.
337. Carmen Sirianni and Lewis Friedland, Civic Innovation in America: Community Empowerment, Public Policy, and the Movement for Civic Renewal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).
338. Civic Practices Network web site, www.cpn.org.
339. Benjamin Barber, The Truth of Power (New York: Norton, 2001).
340. Harry Boyte and Josh Zepnick, "We Own the Store, " at the Pew Mapping Project, www.publicwork.org.
341. Anthony Lewis, "The Feeling of a Coup, " New York Times, October 31, 2001.
342. Richard L. Wood, Faith in Action: Religion, Race, and Democratic Organizing in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
343. Michael Gecan, GoingPublic (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002).
344. Tony Massengale, Active Citizenship Southern conference, Tallahassee, Florida, Los Angeles, May 15, 1998.
345. Boyte, Imagining America Conference, Chicago, November 30, 2000.
346. Lary May, The Big Tomorrow:Hollywood and the Politics of the American Way (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 83.
347. William Safire, "Bush's Four Horsemen, " New York Times, July 24, 2003.
348. Julie Ellison, "The Public Soul of the Humanities, " essay on the CDC web, www.publicwork.org.
349. Benjamin Barber, Fear's Empire: War, Terrorism, and Democracy (New York: Norton, 2003).
350. David Bornstein, "A Force Now in the World, Citizens Flex Social Muscle, " New York Times, July 10, 1999.
351. Bishop Mvume Dandala, "Calling the Church to Repentance, " Keynote speech to South African Christian Leadership Assembly, Pretoria, July 7, 2003.
352. Richard Tomlinson, Robert Beauregard, Lindsay Bremner, and Xolela Mangcu, eds., "Johannesburgin Flightfrom Itself PoliticalCulture Shapes UrbanDiscourse, " (New York: Routledge, 2003), 284- 290.
353. Citizen Leadership Programme, from participant evaluations, distributed at Idasa's management retreat, August 5, 2003.
354. Daniel Bell, The Corning of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting(New York: Basic Books, 1973).
355. Kenneth Boulding, Meaning of the Twentieth Century: The Great Transition (New York: Harper and Row, 1964).
356. Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class:How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community, and Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books, 2002).
357. Harlan Cleveland, The KnowledgeExecutive (New York: Dutton, 1985), 20.
358. Peter N. Stearns, "Is There a Post-Industrial Society?" reprinted in Leigh Estabrook, ed., Libraries in Post-Industrial Society (Phoenix: Oryx Books, 1977), 8-18.
359. Michael Harrington, "Post-Industrial Society and the Welfare State, " in Estabrook, Libraries, 18-29.
360. Barton Bledstein, The Culture of Proiessionalism:The Middle Classand the Development of Higher Education in America (New York: Norton, 1976).
361. Christopher Lasch, Haven in a HeartlessWorld: The Family Besieged(New York: Basic Books, 1977).
362. Joseph Tussman, "Obligation and the Body Politic, "in Henry Kariel, ed., Frontiersof Democratic Theory, (New York: Random House, 1970), 18-21.
363. Joan C. Durrance Armed for Action: Library Response to Citizen Infonnation Needs (New York: Neal Schuman, 1984).
364. Anne Fadiman, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997).
365. Philip Foner, The Voice of Black America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972), 431.
366. Ian Taylor, "South Africa's Transition to Democracy and the 'Change Industry': A Case Study of IDASA, " Politikon 29, 1 (2002): 31.
367. Paul Graham, "Decade of Democracy" concept paper, December 12, 2003.
368. Richard Turner, "The Relevance of Contemporary Radical Thought, " in Directions of Change in South African Politics, Spro-cas Publications 3 (Johannesburg, 1971), 76.
369. Tony Fluxman and Peter Vale, "Re- Reading Rick Turner in the New South Africa, " International Relationsis, 2 (2004).
370. Eric Poner, The Story of American Freedom (New York: Norton, 1998).
371. David Brooks, "Running on Reform, " New York Times, January 3, 2004.
372. Condoleezza Rice, "You're Safe with Us, " Newsweek Special Edition, Issues 2004 (December -February 2004), 104.
373. Langston Hughes, "Freedom's Plow, " in The CollectedPoems of Langston Hughes (New York: Vintage, 1995), 263-68.
374. Willard Foner, The Story of American Freedom, 110.
375. Jane Addams, On Education (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1994), 98-99.
376. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, "Citizen Politics: Breaking the Iron Cage, " Dissent (Spring 1994): 205-11.
377. Robert Hildreth, "Theorizing Citizenship and Evaluating Public Achievement, " PS: PoliticalScienceand Politics 33, 3 (2000): 627-34.
378. James C. Scott, Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998).
379. The symposium on Commonwealth, Civil Society, and Democratic Renewal in A Pegs Journal: The GoodSociety 9, 2 (1999): 1-23.
380. James Chace, "TR and the Road Not Taken, " New YorkReview of Books 50, 12 (July 17, 2003): 35.
381. "Roosevelt's New Nationalism, " in Law, Justice, and the Common Good, ed. Sidney Hyman (Minnneapolis: Humphrey Institute, 1981), 334-35.
382. Edmund Pendleton, Gordon Wood, Creation of the American Republic:1776-87 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969), 56.
383. Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (New York: Penguin, 1963), 145.
384. Revised EnglishBible (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
385. Norman Gottwald, The Tribes of Yahweh: A Sociologyof the Religion of Liberated Israel, 1250-1050 B.C.E. (New York: Orbis, 1979).
386. "Common Good, " New Catholic Encyclopedia (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press, 1967).
387. Ronald Lee Fleming and Lauri A. Halderman, On Common Ground: Caringfor Shared Land from Town Commons to Urban Park (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982).
388. Rowland Bertoff "Peasants and Artisans, Puritans and Republicans, " Journal of AnI erican History 69, 3 (1982): 579-98.
389. Gary B. Nash, Race, Class, and Politics:Essayson American Colonial and Revolutionary Society (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986), 249.
390. Leonard W. Levy, The Law of the Commonwealth and Chief Justice Shaw (New York: Oxford University Press, 1957), 306.
391. Oscar Handlin and Mary Handlin, Commonwealth: A Study of the Role of Government in the American Economy:Massachusetts, 1774-1861 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 30.
392. The quotes from Pettus are taken from interviews in Seattle, March 14, 17, 1983.
393. Harry C. Boyte, Common wealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989).
394. Harry C. Boyte and Nan Kari, Building America: The Democratic Promise of Public Work (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
395. Leonard Silk, "Seattle Looks for Its Future, " New York Times, April 22, 1983.
396. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1992).