The Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to reconstruct the South

The Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-282

  Syrett, John ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894814733     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (332)

1. John A. Andrew Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston
2. Attorney General Papers, Record Group 60, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
3. Zachariah Chandler Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
4. Thomas J. Durant Papers, New York Historical Society, New York City
5. Edward H. Durell Papers, New York Historical Society, New York City
6. Edward Everett Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston
7. William Pitt Fessenden Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
8. Oliver Otis Howard Papers, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
9. Thomas H. Seymour Papers, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford
10. John Sherman Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
11. Edwin M. Stanton Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
12. Thaddeus Stevens Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
13. Charles Sumner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
14. Treasury Department Papers, Record Group 366, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
15. Lyman Trumbull Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
16. Benjamin F. Wade Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
17. Congressional Record, 1861-1868
18. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 128 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.
19. Statutes at Large, Treaties, and Proclamations of the United States of America. 17 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1850-1873.
20. Allen, Joseph Henry. "Africans in America and Their New Guardians." The Christian Examiner 72 (July 1862): 96-133.
21. American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1863. New York: Appleton & Co., 1868.
22. Bacon, Rev. L. "Reply to Professor Parker." The New Englander 22 (April 1863): 191-258.
23. Bushnell, Rev. Horace. "The Doctrine of Loyalty." The New Englander 22 (July 1863): 560-581.
24. Church, William C. "The Policy of Confiscation." The Galaxy 3 (January-April 1867): 28-35.
25. Cooley, Thomas M. A Treatise on the Constitutional Limitations Which Rest Upon the Legislative Powers of the United States of the American Union. 2nd ed. Boston: Little Brown, 1871.
26. Cox, Samuel S. Union-Disunion-Reunion: Three Decades of Federal Legislation, 1855-1885. Providence, R.I.: Reid, 1886.
27. Curtis, Benjamin R. Executive Power. Cambridge, Mass.: H. O. Houghton, 1862.
28. Davis, Woodbury. "Political Problems and Conditions of Peace." Atlantic Monthly 13 (August 1863): 252-259.
29. Day, L. Madison. The Constitutionality and Legality of Confiscations in Fee, Under Act of July, 1862. New Orleans: n.p., 1870.
30. Derby, Elias H. "Resources of the South." Atlantic Monthly 10 (October 1862): 502-510.
31. Farrar, Timothy. "Adequacy of the Constitution." The New Englander 21 (January 1862): 51-73.
32. Farrar, Timothy. "Congress and the Territories." The New Englander 21 (April 1862): 194-205.
33. Fisher, Sidney George. The Trial of the Constitution. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1862.
34. Grosvenor, William M. "The Law of Conquest and the True Basis of Reconstruction." The New Englander 24 (January 1865): 111-131.
35. Grosvenor, William M. "The Rights of the Nation, and the Duty of Congress." The New Englander 24 (October 1865): 755-777.
36. Hale, E. E. "Northern Invasions." Atlantic Monthly 13 (February 1864): 245-250.
37. Hale, E. E. "How to Use Victory." Atlantic Monthly 13 (June 1864): 763-768.
38. Halleck, Henry W. International Law, or, Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War. 3rd ed. London: n.p., 1893.
39. Lieber, Francis. Slavery Plantations, and the Yeomanry. New York: Loyal Publication Society, 1863.
40. McKaye, James. The Mastership and Its Fruits: The Emancipated Slave Face to Face with His Old Master. New York: Loyal Publication Society, 1864.
41. McPherson, Edward. The Political History of the United States of America During the Great Rebellion. New York: Appleton & Co., 1864.
42. Moore, Frank. Rebellion Record. 10 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1862.
43. Norton, Charles Eliot. "The Advantages of Defeat." Atlantic Monthly 8 (September 1861): 360-365.
44. Owen, Robert Dale, James McKaye, and Samuel G. Howe. "Office of American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission (Preliminary Report)." Official Records, ser. III, 3 (June 30, 1863): 430-454.
45. Owen, Robert Dale, James McKaye, and Samuel G. Howe. "Final Report of the American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission to the Secretary of War." Official Records, ser. III, 4 (May 15, 1864): 289-382.
46. Parker, Joel. "Loyalty." North American Review 94 (January 1862): 153-174.
47. Parker, Joel. "Constitutional Law." North American Review 95 (April 1862): 435-463.
48. Parker, Joel. "The Character of the Rebellion, and the Conduct of the War." North American Review 95 (October 1862): 500-533.
49. Parker, Joel. "The Trial of the Constitution." North American Review 97 (October 1863): 338-372.
50. Parton, James. General Butler in New Orleans: History of the Administration of the Gulf in the Year 1862. New York: Mason Bros., 1864.
51. Parton, James. Revolution and Reconstruction. New York: Hurd & Houghton, 1866.
52. Peabody, Charles A. "United States Provisional Court for the State of Louisiana, 1862-1865." Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1892 (Washington, D.C.: 1893): 199-210.
53. Pierce, Edward L. "Contrabands at Fortress Monroe." Atlantic Monthly 8 (November 1861): 626-640.
54. Sumner, Charles. "Our Domestic Relations; Or, How to Treat the Rebel States." Atlantic Monthly 13 (October 1863): 507-529.
55. Waples, Rufus. A Treatise on Proceedings in Rem. Chicago: Callaghan, 1882.
56. Whiting, William. The War Powers of the President and the Legislative Powers of Congress in relation to Rebellion, Treason and Slavery. 4th ed. Boston: John L. Shorey, 1863.
57. Whiting, William. War Powers under the Constitution of the United States: Military Arrests, Reconstruction, and Military Government. Boston: Lee & Shepherd, (1871)
58. Memoirs, Diaries, Reminiscences, Collected Writings Basler, Roy P., et al., eds. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. 9 vols. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953.
59. Beale, Howard K., ed. The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859-1866. New York: Da Capo, 1971 (1933).
60. Beatty, John. Memoirs of a Volunteer 1861-1863. Ed. Harvey S. Ford. New York:Norton, 1946 (1879).
61. Blaine, James G. Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield. 2 vols. Norwich, Conn.: Henry Bill, 1884.
62. Butler, Benjamin F. Private and Official Correspondence of Gen. Benjamin F. Butler During the Period of the Civil War. 5 vols. Norwood, Mass.: Plimpton Press, 1917.
63. Donald, David H., ed. Inside Lincoln's Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase. New York: Longmans, Green, 1954.
64. Doolittle, James. "A Statesman's Letters of the Civil War Period." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 2 (July 1909): 43-50.
65. Fleming, Walter L., ed. Documentary History of Reconstruction. 2 vols. New York: Peter Smith, 1950.
66. Foner, Philip S., ed. The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, vol. 4, Reconstruction and After. New York: International, 1955.
67. Freidel, Frank, ed. Union Pamphlets of the Civil War, 1861-1865. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967.
68. Graf, Leroy P., and Ralph W. Haskins, eds. Papers of Andrew Johnson. 16 vols. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1967-.
69. Howard, Oliver Otis. Autobiography of Oliver Otis Howard. 2 vols. New York:Baker & Taylor, 1907.
70. Julian, George W. Political Recollections, 1840 to 1872. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1970 (1884).
71. Meltzer, Milton, and Patricia G. Holland, ed. Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817-1880. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982.
72. Nevins, Allan, and Milton H. Thomas, eds. The Diary of George Templeton Strong. 3 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1952.
73. Niven, John, ed. The Salmon P. Chase Papers. 5 vols. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993-1997.
74. Padgett, James A. "Some Letters of George Stanton Dennison, 1854-1866:Observations of a Yankee on Conditions in Louisiana and Texas." Louisiana Historical Quarterly 23 (October 1940): 1132-1240.
75. Palmer, Beverly Wilson, ed. The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner. 2 vols. Boston:Northeastern University Press, 1990.
76. Palmer, Beverly Wilson, ed. The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens. 2 vols. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.
77. Pease, Theodore C., and James G. Randall, eds. The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning. 2 vols. Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925.
78. Pierce, Edward L., ed. Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner. 4 vols. Boston:Robert Bros., 1893.
79. Rice, Allen Thorndike. Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time. 6th ed. New York: North American Review, 1885.
80. Sears, Stephen W., ed. The Civil War Papers of George . McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860-1865. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989.
81. Simpson, Brooks D., Leroy P. Graf, and John Muldowny, ed. Advice After Appomattox: Letters of Andrew Johnson, 1865-1866. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.
82. Thorndike, Rachel Sherman, ed. The Sherman Letters: Correspondence Between General Sherman and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891. New York: Da Capo, 1969 (1894).
83. Wainwright, Nicholas B., ed. A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years 1834-1871. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1967.
84. Welles, Gideon. Diary of Gideon Welles: Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson. 3 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911.
85. Williams, Charles R., ed. Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard Hayes. 5 vols. Columbus: Ohio Archeological and Historical Society, 1922.
86. Abbott, Martin. The Freedmen's Bureau in South Carolina, 1865-1872. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.
87. Abbott, Richard H. The Republican Party and the South, 1855-1877: The First Southern Strategy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
88. Ash, Stephen V. Middle Tennessee Society Transformed, 1860-1870: War and Peace In the Upper South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.
89. Ash, Stephen V. When the Yankees Came Home: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861-1865. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
90. Bailey, Ann J., and Daniel E. Sutherland, eds. Civil War Arkansas: Beyond Battles and Leaders. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000.
91. Baker, Jean. Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-nineteenth Century. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983. Reprinted New York: Fordham University Press, 1998.
92. Baker, Jean. The Politics of Continuity: Maryland Political Parties, 1858-1870. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.
93. Beauregard, Erving E. Bingham of the Hills: Politician and Diplomat Extraordinary. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.
94. Belz, Herman. Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism, and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era. New York: Fordham University Press, 1998.
95. Belz, Herman. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York: Norton, 1978.
96. Belz, Herman. A New Birth of Freedom: The Republican Party and Negro Rights, 1861-1866. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976. Reprinted New York: Fordham University Press, 2000.
97. Belz, Herman. Reconstructing the Union: Theory and Policy during the Civil War. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1969.
98. Benedict, Michael Les. A Compromise of Principle: Congressional Republicans and Reconstruction, 1863-1869. New York: Norton, 1974.
99. Bentley, George R. A History of the Freedmen's Bureau. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1955.
100. Berlin, Ira, et al. Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
101. Berlin, Ira, et al. Free at Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Freedom and Civil War. New York: Free Press, 1992.
102. Berlin, Ira, et al. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861-1867, ser. 1, vol. 1, The Destruction of Slavery. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
103. Berlin, Ira, et al. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861-1867, ser. 1, vol. 2, The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Upper South. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
104. Berlin, Ira, et al. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861-1867, ser. 1, vol. 3, The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Lower South. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
105. Berlin, Ira, et al. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation 1861-1867, ser. 2, The Black Military Experience. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
106. Berry, Mary. Military Necessity and Civil Rights Policy: Black Citizenship and the Constitution, 1861-1868. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1977.
107. Bilotta, James D. Race and the Rise of the Republican Party, 1848-1865. New York: Peter Lang, 1992.
108. Birkhimer, William E. Military Government and Martial Law. 3rd ed. Kansas City, Mo.: Franklin Hudson, 1914.
109. Blight, David W., and Brooks D. Simpson, eds. Union and Emancipation: Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1977.
110. Bogue, Allan G. The Congressman's Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
111. Bogue, Allan G. The Earnest Men: Republicans of the Civil War Senate. Ithaca, N.Y.:Cornell University Press, 1981.
112. Boritt, Gabor S. Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream. Memphis:Memphis State University Press, 1978.
113. Bowen, David W. Andrew Johnson and the Negro. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1989.
114. Butchart, Ronald E. Northern Schools, Southern Blacks, and Reconstruction:Freedmen's Education, 1862-1875. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980.
115. Cain, Marvin R. Lincoln's Attorney General: Edward Bates of Missouri. Columbia:University of Missouri Press, 1965.
116. Carpenter, John A. The Sword and the Olive Branch: Oliver Otis Howard. Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press, 1964.
117. Cimbala, Paul A. Under the Guardianship of the Nation: The Freedmen's Bureau and the Reconstruction of Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997.
118. Cimbala, Paul A., and Randall M. Miller, eds. The Freedmen's Bureau and Reconstruction. New York: Fordham University Press, 1999.
119. Cimprich, John. Slavery's End in Tennessee, 1861-1865. University: University of Alabama Press, 1985.
120. Cohen, William. At Freedom's Edge: Black Mobility and the Southern White Quest for Racial Control, 1861-1915. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.
121. Cooper, William J. Jr. Jefferson Davis, American. New York: Vintage Books, 2000.
122. Coulter, E. Merton. The Civil War and Readjustment in Kentucky. Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press, 1926.
123. Coulter, E. Merton. William G. Brownlow: Fighting Parson of the Southern Highlands. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1971 (1937).
124. Cox, LaWanda. Lincoln and Black Freedom: A Study of Presidential Leadership. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981.
125. Curry, Leonard P. Blueprint of Modern America: Non-military Legislation of the First Civil War Congress. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.
126. Davis, William W. The Civil War and Reconstruction in Florida. New York:Longmans, Green, 1913.
127. Donald, David H. Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man. New York: Da Capo, 1996.
128. Donald, David H. Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
129. Dorris, Jonathan T. Pardon and Amnesty Under Lincoln and Johnson: The Restoration of the Confederates to Their Rights and Privileges, 1861-1898. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977 (1953).
130. Drago, Edmund L. Black Politicians and Reconstruction in Georgia: A Splendid Failure. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.
131. DuBois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction. Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus-Thomson, 1963 (1935).
132. Duncan, Russell. Freedom's Shore: Tunis Campbell and the Georgia Freedmen. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.
133. Dunning, William A. Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction and Related Topics. New York: Macmillan, 1904.
134. Dusinberre, William. Civil War Issues in Philadelphia, 1856-1865. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 1965.
135. Engs, Robert F. Freedom's First Generation: Black Hampton, Virginia, 1861-1890. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979. Reprinted New York:Fordham University Press, 2004.
136. Fairman, Charles. The History of the Supreme Court of the United States, vol. 6, Reconstruction and Reunion, 1864-88. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
137. Fehrenbacher, Don E. The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
138. Field, Phyllis F. The Politics of Race in New York: The Struggle for Black Equality in the Civil War Era. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982.
139. Finley, Randy. From Slavery to Uncertain Freedom: The Freemen's Bureau in Arkansas, 1865-1869. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1996.
140. Fisher, Noel C. War at Every Door: Partisan Politics and Guerrilla Violence in East Tennessee, 1860-1869. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
141. Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
142. Freidel, Frank. Francis Lieber: Nineteenth Century Liberal. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1947.
143. Gathings, James A. International Law and American Treatment of Alien Enemy Property. Washington, D.C.: Council on Public Affairs, 1940.
144. Gerteis, Louis S. From Contraband to Freedman: Federal Policy Toward Southern Blacks, 1861-1865. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973.
145. Graber, Dorris A. The Development of the Law of Belligerent Occupation, 1863-1914. New York: Columbia University Press, 1949.
146. Grimsley, Mark. The Hard Hand ofWar: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians, 1861-1865. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
147. Guelzo, Allen G. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
148. Harris, William C. With Charity for All: Lincoln and the Restoration of the Union. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1997.
149. Hearn, Chester G. When the Devil Came Down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
150. Hess, Earl J. Liberty, Virtue, and Progress: Northerners and Their War for the Union. 2nd ed. New York: Fordham University Press, 1997.
151. Hollandsworth, James G. Jr. Pretense of Glory: The Life of Nathaniel P. Banks. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.
152. Horowitz, Robert F. The Great Impeacher: A Political Biography of James M. Ashley. New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1979.
153. Howard, Victor B. Religion and the Radical Republican Movement, 1860-1870. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1990.
154. Hyman, Harold M. A More Perfect Union: The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the Constitution. New York: Knopf, 1973.
155. Hyman, Harold M., and William M. Wiecek. Equal Justice Under Law: Constitutional Development 1835-1875. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.
156. Jellison, Charles A. Fessenden of Maine: Civil War Senator. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1962.
157. Johnson, James Turner. Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War: A Moral and Historical Inquiry. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.
158. Lingaman, William K. Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861-1865. New York: Viking Press, 2001.
159. Lucie, Patricia Allan. Freedom and Federalism: Congress and Courts, 1862-1866. New York: Garland, 1986.
160. Magdol, Edward. A Right to the Land: Essays on the Freedmen's Community. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977.
161. McCrary, Peyton. Abraham Lincoln and Reconstruction: The Louisiana Experiment. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978.
162. McFeely, William S. Yankee Stepfather: General O. O. Howard and the Freedmen. New York: Norton, 1970.
163. McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York:Oxford University Press, 1988.
164. McPherson, James M. The Negro's Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted During the War for the Union. New York: Pantheon Books, 1965.
165. McPherson, James M. Ordeal By Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction. 2nd ed. New York:McGraw Hill, 1992.
166. McPherson, James M. The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964.
167. McPherson, James M. What They Fought For, 1861-1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.
168. Messner, William F. Freedom and the Ideology of Free Labor: Louisiana, 1862-1865. Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1978.
169. Moneyhon, Carl H. The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Arkansas:Persistence in the Midst of Ruin. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.
170. Nieman, Donald G. To Set the Law in Motion: The Freedmen's Bureau and the Legal Rights of Blacks, 1865-1868. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1979.
171. Niven, John. Salmon P. Chase: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
172. Oubre, Claude F. Forty Acres and a Mule: The Freedmen's Bureau and Black Land Ownership. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
173. Paludan, Phillip S. A Covenant with Death: The Constitution, Law, and Equality in the Civil War Era. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975.
174. Paludan, Phillip S. "A People's Contest": The Union and the Civil War, 1861-1865. 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1996.
175. Paludan, Phillip S. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1994.
176. Parrish, William E. Frank Blair: Lincoln's Conservative. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1998.
177. Peirce, Paul S. The Freedmen's Bureau: A Chapter in the History of Reconstruction. Iowa City: University of Iowa, 1904.
178. Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed. Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.
179. Randall, James G. The Confiscation of Property During the Civil War. Indianapolis:Mutual Printing and Lithographing, 1913.
180. Randall, James G. Constitutional Problems Under Lincoln. Rev. ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964.
181. Reid, Ronald. Edward Everett: Unionist Orator. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1990.
182. Renda, Lex. Running on the Record: Civil War Era Politics in New Hampshire. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997.
183. Richardson, Heather Cox. The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post Civil War North, 1865-1901. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001.
184. Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies During the Civil War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.
185. Ripley, C. Peter. Slaves and Freedmen in Civil War Louisiana. Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University Press, 1976.
186. Rose, Willie Lee. Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment. New York: Vintage Books, 1967.
187. Roske, Ralph J. His Own Counsel: The Life and Times of Lyman Trumbull. Reno:University of Nevada Press, 1979.
188. Saville, Julie. The Work of Reconstruction: From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina, 1860-1870. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
189. Shankman, Arnold M. The Pennsylvania Antiwar Movement, 1861-1865. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1980.
190. Shapiro, Henry D. Confiscation of Confederate Property in the North. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1962.
191. Silbey, Joel H. A Respectable Minority: The Democratic Party in the Civil War Era, 1860-1868. New York: Norton, 1977.
192. Simpson, Brooks D. The Reconstruction Presidents. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.
193. Tap, Bruce. Over Lincoln's Shoulder: The Committee on the Conduct of the War. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.
194. Thomas, Benjamin P., and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War. New York: Knopf, 1962.
195. Trefousse, Hans L. Andrew Johnson: A Biography. New York: Norton, 1989.
196. Trefousse, Hans L. Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth Century Egalitarian. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
197. Tunnell, Ted. Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism and Race in Louisiana, 1862-1877. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.
198. Voegeli, V. Jacque. Free But Not Equal: The Midwest and the Negro During the Civil War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
199. Ware, Edith Ellen. Political Opinion in Massachusetts During Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Longmans, Green, 1916.
200. Articles and Dissertations Abbott, Martin. "Free Land, Free Labor, and the Freedmen's Bureau." Agricultural History 30 (October 1956): 150-156.
201. Abzug, Robert H. "The Copperheads: Historical Approaches to Civil War Dissent in the Midwest." Indiana Magazine of History 60 (March 1970): 40-55.
202. Adams, David W. "Illinois Soldiers and the Emancipation Proclamation." Journal of the Illinois Historical Association 67 (September 1974): 407-421.
203. Ahern, Joseph J. "Prize Rules: Civil War Prize Procedure in the Philadelphia Prize Court, 1861-1865." The American Neptune 58 (Fall 1998): 342-352.
204. Ahern, Wilbert H. "Laissez Faire vs. Equal Rights: Liberal Republicans and the Limits to Reconstruction." Phylon 40 (March 1979): 52-65.
205. Alvis, John. "The Slavery Provisions of the U.S. Constitution: Means for Emancipation." Political Science Reviewer 17 (Fall 1987): 240-265.
206. Ames, Susie M. "Federal Policy Toward the Eastern Shore of Virginia in 1861." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 69 (October 1961): 432-459.
207. Armstrong, Thomas F. "From Task Labor to Free Labor: The Transition Along Georgia's Rice Coast, 1820-1880." Georgia Historical Quarterly 64 (Winter 1980): 432-447.
208. Baker, Jean H. "A Loyal Opposition: Northern Democrats in the Thirty-Seventh Congress." Civil War History 25 (June 1979): 139-155.
209. Barnhart, John D. "The Impact of the CivilWar on Indiana." Indiana Magazine of History 57 (September 1961): 185-224.
210. Beck, Warren A. "Lincoln and Negro Colonization in Central America." Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 6 (September 1950): 162-183.
211. Belz, Herman. "Abraham Lincoln and American Constitutionalism." Review of Politics 50 (Spring 1988): 169-197.
212. Belz, Herman. "The Freedmen's Bureau Act of 1865 and the Principle of No Discrimination to Color." Civil War History 21 (September 1975): 197-217.
213. Belz, Herman. "The New Orthodoxy in Reconstruction Historiography." Reviews of American History 1 (March 1973): 106-113.
214. Belz, Herman. "The Protection of Personal Liberty in Republican Emancipation Legislation in 1862." Journal of Southern History 42 (August 1976): 383-400.
215. Benedict, Michael Les. "The Constitution of the Lincoln Presidency and the Republican Era." In Martin Fausold and Alan Shank, eds., The Constitution and the American Presidency (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991), 45-61.
216. Benedict, Michael Les. "Equality and Expediency in the Reconstruction Era: A Review Essay." Civil War History 23 (December 1977): 322-335.
217. Benedict, Michael Les. "Laissez-Faire and Liberty: A Re-Evaluation of the Meaning and Origins of Laissez-Faire Constitutionalism." Law and History Review 3 (Fall 1985): 293-331.
218. Benedict, Michael Les. "Preserving the Constitution: The Conservative Basis of Radical Reconstruction." Journal of American History 61 (June 1974): 65-90.
219. Benedict, Michael Les. "The Rout of Radicalism: Republicans and the Election of 1867." Civil War History 18 (December 1972): 334-344.
220. Bentley, George R. "The Political Activity of the Freedmen's Bureau in Florida." Florida Historical Quarterly 28 (1949-50): 28-37.
221. Berlin, Ira. "Emancipation and Its Meaning in American Life." Reconstruction 2, no. 3 (1994): 41-44.
222. Berlin, Ira. "Who Freed the Slaves? Emancipation and Its Meaning," in David W. Blight and Brooks D. Simpson, eds., Union and Emancipation: Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1977), 105-125.
223. Berlin, Ira, et al. "'To Canvass the Nation': The War for Union Becomes a War for Freedom," Prologue 20 (Winter 1988): 227-47.
224. Berwanger, Eugene H. "Lincoln's Constitutional Dilemma: Emancipation and Black Suffrage." Papers of Abraham Lincoln Association 5 (1983): 25-38.
225. Bethel, Elizabeth. "The Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama." Journal of Southern History 14 (February 1948): 49-92.
226. Blight, David W. "Frederick Douglass and the American Apocalypse." Civil War History 31 (December 1985): 309-328.
227. Bogue, Allan G. "Bloc and Party in the United States Senate, 1861-1863." Civil War History 13 (September 1967): 221-241.
228. Bogue, Allan G. "Historians and Radical Republicans: A Meaning for Today." Journal of American History 70 (June 1983): 7-34.
229. Bogue, Allan G. "The Radical Voting Dimension in the U. S. Senate During the Civil War." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 3 (Winter 1973): 449-474.
230. Bonekemper, Edward H. "Negro Ownership of Real Property in Hampton and Elizabeth City County, Virginia, 1860-1870." Journal of Negro History 55 (July 1970): 165-181.
231. Boritt, Gabor S. "The Voyage of the Colony Linconia: The Sixteenth President, Black Colonization, and the Defense Mechanism of Avoidance." The Historian 37 (August 1975): 619-632.
232. Bowen, David W. "Andrew Johnson and the Negro." East Tennessee Historical Society Publications 40 (1968): 28-49.
233. Boyd, Willis D. "Negro Colonization in the Reconstruction Era, 1865-1870." Georgia Historical Quarterly 20 (December 1956): 360-382.
234. Bright, Thomas R. "Yankee in Arms: The Civil War Era as a Personal Experience." Civil War History 19 (September 1973): 197-218.
235. Brinsfield, John W. "The Military Ethics of General William T. Sherman: A Reassessment." In Lloyd J. Matthews and Dale E. Brown, eds., Parameters of War: Military History from the Journal of the U.S. Army War College (Washington, D.C.: Pergamon-Brassey, 1997), 87-103.
236. Brock, Euline W. "Thomas W. Cardozo: Fallible Black Reconstruction Leader." Journal of Southern History 47 (May 1981): 183-206.
237. Byrne, Frank L. " 'A Terrible Machine': General Neal Dow's Military Government on the Gulf Coast." Civil War History 12 (March 1966): 5-22.
238. Campbell, James B. "East Tennessee During the Federal Occupation, 1863-1865." East Tennessee Historical Society Publications 19 (1947): 64-80.
239. Carnahan, Burrus M. "Lincoln, Lieber and the Laws of War: The Origins and Limits of the Principle of Military Necessity." American Journal of International Law 92 (April 1998): 213-231.
240. Carpenter, A. H. "Military Government of Southern Territory, 1861-1865." Annual Report of the American Historical Association of 1900 (Washington, D.C., 1901): 465-498.
241. Castel, Albert. "Civil War Kansas and the Negro." Journal of Negro History 51 (April 1966): 125-138.
242. Childress, James F. "Francis Lieber's Interpretation of the Laws ofWar: General Orders No. 100 in the Context of His Life and Thought." The American Journal of Jurisprudence 21 (1976): 34-70.
243. Cimbala, Paul A. "A Black Colony in Dougherty County: The Freedmen's Bureau and the Failure of Reconstruction in Southwest Georgia." Journal of Southwest Georgia History 4 (Fall 1986): 72-89.
244. Cimbala, Paul A. "The Freedmen's Bureau, the Freedmen, and Sherman's Grant in Reconstruction Georgia, 1865-1867." Journal of Southern History 55 (November 1989): 597-632.
245. Cimbala, Paul A. "On the Front Line of Freedom: Freedmen's Bureau Officers and Agents in Reconstruction Georgia, 1865-1868." Georgia Historical Quarterly 76 (Fall 1992): 577-611.
246. Cimbala, Paul A. "The Talisman Power': Davis Tillson, the Freedmen's Bureau, and Free Labor in Reconstruction Georgia, 1865-1866." Civil War History 28 (June 1982): 153-171.
247. Cimprich, John. "Military Governor Johnson and Tennessee Blacks, 1862-65." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 34 (1980): 459-470.
248. Clarke, Robert L. "Northern Plans for the Economic Invasion of Florida, 1862-1865." Florida Historical Quarterly 28 (April 1950): 262-270.
249. Cohen, William. "Black Immobility and Free Labor: The Freedmen's Bureau and the Relocation of Black Labor, 1865-1868." Civil War History 30 (September 1984): 221-234.
250. Connor, William P. "Reconstruction Rebels: The New Orleans Tribune in Post-War Louisiana." Louisiana History 21 (Spring 1980): 159-181.
251. Coulter, E. Merton. "Commercial Intercourse with the Confederacy in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 5 (March 1919): 377-395.
252. Coulter, E. Merton. "Tunis G. Campbell, Negro Reconstructionist in Georgia." Georgia Historical Quarterly 51 (December 1967): 401-424.
253. Cox, LaWanda. "Lincoln and Black Freedom." In Gabor S. Boritt, ed., The Historian's Lincoln: Pseudo-History, Psychohistory and History (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988), 175-208.
254. Cox, LaWanda. "The Promise of Land for the Freedmen," Mississippi Historical Review 45 (December 1958): 413-40.
255. Cox, LaWanda, and John H. Cox. "Andrew Johnson and His Ghost Writers:An Analysis of the Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Veto Messages." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 48 (December 1961): 460-479.
256. Cox, LaWanda, and John H. Cox. "Negro Suffrage and Republican Politics: The Problem of Motivation in Reconstruction Historiography." Journal of Southern History 33 (August 1967): 303-330.
257. Curry, Leonard P. "Congressional Democrats: 1861-1863." Civil War History 12 (September 1966): 213-239.
258. Curry, Richard O. "The Abolitionists and Reconstruction: A Critical Appraisal." Journal of Southern History 34 (November 1968): 427-445.
259. Curry, Richard O. "The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877: A Critical Review of Recent Trends and Interpretations." Civil War History 24 (September 1974): 215-238.
260. Curry, Richard O. "The Union As It Was: A Critique of Recent Interpretations of the 'Copperheads.' " Civil War History 13 (March 1967): 25-39.
261. Dean, Eric T. Jr. "Rethinking the Civil War: Beyond 'Revolution,' 'Reconstructions,' And the 'New Social History.' " Southern Historian 15 (Spring 1994):28-50.
262. Dirck, Brian R. "Posterity's Blush: Civil Liberties, Property Rights, and Property Confiscation in the Confederacy." Civil War History 48 (September 2002): 237-256.
263. Donald, David. "Devils Facing Zionwards." In Grady McWhiney, ed., Grant, Lee, Lincoln and the Radicals (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1964), 72-91.
264. Dowd, Morgan D. "Lincoln, the Rule of Law and Crisis Government: A Study of His Constitutional Law Theories." University of Detroit Law Journal 39 (June 1962): 633-649.
265. Drago, Edmund L. "How Sherman's March Through Georgia Affected the Slaves." Georgia Historical Quarterly 57 (Fall 1973): 361-375.
266. Dyer, Brainerd. "Francis Lieber and the American Civil War." Huntington Library Quarterly 2 (July 1939): 449-465.
267. Elazar, Daniel J. "Civil War and the Preservation of American Federalism." Publius 1 (Fall 1971): 39-58.
268. Ellis, L. E. "The Chicago Times During the Civil War." Illinois State Historical Society Transactions for the Year 1932 39 (1933): 135-181.
269. Farnham, Wallace D. " 'The Weakened Spring of Government': A Study in Nineteenth-Century American History." American Historical Review 68 (April 1963): 662-680.
270. Fisher, Noel C. " 'Prepare Them for My Coming': General William T. Sherman, Total War, and Pacification in West Tennessee." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 51 (Summer 1992): 75-85.
271. Fleischman, Richard K. "The Devil's Advocate: A Defense of Lincoln's Attitude Toward the Negro, 1837-1863." Lincoln Herald 81 (Fall 1979): 172-186.
272. Fleming, Walter L. "Forty Acres and a Mule." North American Review 182 (1906): 721-737.
273. Foner, Eric. "Reconstruction and the Crisis of Free Labor." In Eric Foner, ed., Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 97-127.
274. Foner, Eric. "Thaddeus Stevens, Confiscation, and Reconstruction." In Eric McKitrick and Stanley Elkins, eds., The Hofstadter Aegis: A Memorial (New York:Knopf, 1974), 154-183.
275. Frederick, Duke. "The Second Confiscation Act: A Chapter of Civil War Politics." Ph.D. diss. University of Chicago, 1966.
276. Freidel, Frank. "General Orders 100 and Military Government." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 32 (March 1946): 541-556.
277. Gerteis, Louis S. "Salmon P. Chase, Radicalism, and the Politics of Emancipation, 1861-1864." Journal of American History 60 (June 1973): 42-62.
278. Gottlieb, Manuel. "The Land Question in Georgia During Reconstruction." Science and Society 3 (Summer 1939): 356-388.
279. Greenberg, Kenneth S. "The Civil War and the Redistribution of Land: Adams County, Mississippi, 1860-1870." Agricultural History 52 (April 1978): 292-307.
280. Harris, William C. "Andrew Johnson's First 'Swing Around the Circle': His Northern Campaign of 1863." Civil War History 35 (June 1989): 153-171.
281. Helis, Thomas W. "Of Generals and Jurists: The Judicial System of New Orleans Under Union Occupation, May 1862-April 1865." Louisiana History 29 (Spring 1988): 143-162.
282. Hess, Earl J. "Confiscation and the Northern War Effort: The Army of the Southwest at Helena." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 44 (Spring 1985): 56-75.
283. Hoffnagle, Warren. "The Southern Homestead Act: Its Origins and Operation." The Historian 32 (August 1970): 612-629.
284. Holt, Michael F. "Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Union." In John L. Thomas, ed., Abraham Lincoln and the American Political Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986), 111-141.
285. Horowitz, Murray M. "Ben Butler and the Negro: 'Miracles Are Occurring.' " Louisiana History 17 (Spring 1976): 159-186.
286. Horowitz, Robert F. "Land to the Freedmen: A Vision of Reconstruction." Ohio History 86 (Summer 1977): 189-199.
287. Hume, Richard L. "Negro Delegates to the State Constitutional Conventions." In Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), 129-153.
288. Johnson, Howard Palmer. "New Orleans Under General Butler." Louisiana Historical Quarterly 24 (January-October 1941): 434-536.
289. Johnson, Ludwell H. "Contraband Trade During the Last Year of the Civil War." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 49 (March 1963): 635-652.
290. Kaczorowski, Robert J. "Revolutionary Constitutionalism in the Era of the Civil War and Reconstruction." New York University Law Review 61 (October 1986): 863-940.
291. Kaczorowski, Robert J. "To Begin the Nation Anew: Congress, Citizenship, and Civil Rights After the Civil War." American Historical Review 92 (February 1987): 45-68.
292. Klement, Frank L. "Midwestern Opposition to Lincoln's Emancipation Policy." Journal Negro History 49 (July 1964): 169-183.
293. Lanza, Michael L. " 'One of the Most Appreciated Labors of the Bureau': The Freedmen's Bureau and the Southern Homestead Act." In Paul A. Cimbala and Randall M. Miller, eds., The Freedmen's Bureau and Reconstruction (New York: Fordham University Press, 1999), 67-92.
294. Lucie, Patricia M. "Confiscation: Constitutional Crossroads." Civil War History 23 (December 1977): 307-321.
295. Maltz, Earl. "Reconstruction Without Revolution: Republican Civil Rights Theory in the Era of the Fourteenth Amendment." Houston Law Review 24 (March 1987): 221-279.
296. McCrary, Peyton. "The Party of Revolution: Republican Ideas About Politics and Social Change, 1862-1867." Civil War History 30 (December 1984): 330-350.
297. McKitrick, Eric L. "Party Politics and the Union and Confederate War Efforts." In William N. Chambers and Walter D. Burnham, eds., The American Party Systems: States of Political Development (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), 117-151.
298. McPherson, James M. "The Ballot and Land for the Freedmen, 1861-1865." In Kenneth M. Stampp and Leon F. Litwack, eds., Reconstruction: An Anthology of Revisionist Writings (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969), 139-158.
299. McPherson, James M. "From Limited to Total War: Missouri and the Nation, 1861-1865." Gateway Heritage 12 (Spring 1992): 4-19.
300. McPherson, James M. "Who Freed the Slaves?" In James M. McPherson, ed., Drawn with the Sword (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 192-207.
301. Moneyhon, Carl H. "The Impact of the Civil War in Arkansas: The Mississippi River Plantation Counties." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 51 (Summer 1992): 105-118.
302. Neely, Mark E. Jr. "Lincoln and the Theory of Self-Emancipation." In John Y. Simon and Barbara Hughett, eds., The Continuing CivilWar: Essays in Honor of the Civil War Round Table in Chicago (Dayton, Ohio: Morningside, 1992), 45-59.
303. Oates, Stephen B. " 'The Man of Our Redemption': Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation of the Slaves." Presidential Studies 9 (Winter 1979): 15-25.
304. Ochiai, Akiko. "The Port Royal Experiment Revisited: Northern Visions of Reconstruction and the Land Question." New England Quarterly 74 (March 2001): 94-117.
305. Parrillo, Nicholas. "Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War." Civil War History 46 (September 2000): 227-253.
306. Pickens, Donald K. "The Republican Synthesis and Thaddeus Stevens." Civil War History 31 (March 1985): 57-73.
307. Planck, George R. "Abraham Lincoln and Black Colonization: Theory and Practice." Lincoln Herald 72 (Summer 1970): 61-77.
308. Pope, Christie F. "Southern Homesteads for Negroes." Agricultural History 44 (April 1970): 201-212.
309. Powell, Lawrence N. "The American Land Company and Agency: John A. Andrew and the Northernization of the South." Civil War History 21 (December 1975): 293-308.
310. Randall, James G. "Captured and Abandoned Property During the Civil War." American Historical Review 19 (October 1913): 65-79.
311. Randall, James G. "Some Legal Aspects of the Confiscation Acts of the Civil War." American Historical Review 18 (October 1912): 79-96.
312. Riddleberger, Patrick W. "George W. Julian: Abolitionist Land Reformer." Agricultural History 29 (July 1955): 108-115.
313. Riddleberger, Patrick W. "The Radicals' Abandonment of the Negro During Reconstruction." Journal of Negro History 45 (April 1960): 88-102.
314. Rosenberg, John S. "Toward a New Civil War Revisionism." The American Scholar 38 (Spring 1969): 250-272.
315. Ross, Steven Joseph. "Freed Soil, Freed Labor, Freed Men: John Easton and the Davis Bend Experiment." Journal of Southern History 44 (May 1978): 213-232.
316. Shoftner, Jerrell H. "Andrew Johnson and the Fernandina Unionists." Prologue 10 (Winter 1978): 211-223.
317. Shover, Kenneth B. "Maverick at Bay: Ben Wade's Senate Re-election Campaign, 1862-1863." Civil War History 12 (March 1966): 23-42.
318. Silverman, Jason H. " 'In Isles Beyond the Main': Abraham Lincoln's Philosophy on Black Colonization." Lincoln Herald 80 (Fall 1978): 15-22.
319. Simpson, Brooks D. " 'The Doom of Slavery': Ulysses S. Grant, War Aims, and Emancipation, 1861-1863." Civil War History 36 (March 1990): 36-56.
320. Smith, George Winston. "Carpetbag Imperialism in Florida 1862-1868." Florida Historical Quarterly 27 (October 1948-January 1949): 99-130, 260-299.
321. Sutherland, Daniel E. "Abraham Lincoln, John Pope, and the Origins of Total War." Journal of Military History 56 (October 1992): 567-586.
322. Syrett, John. "The Confiscation Acts: Efforts at Reconstruction During the Civil War." Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1971.
323. Syrett, John. "The Confiscation Acts: The North Strikes Back." In Paul A. Cimbala and Randall M. Miller, eds., An Uncommon Time: The Civil War on the Northern Home Front (New York: Fordham University Press, 2002), 280-325.
324. Tap, Bruce. "Race, Rhetoric, and Emancipation: The Election of 1862 in Illinois." Civil War History 39 (June 1993): 101-125.
325. Thornbrough, Emma Lou. "The Race Issue in Indiana Politics During the Civil War." Indiana Magazine of History 47 (June 1951): 169-190.
326. Trefousse, Hans L. "Owen Lovejoy and Abraham Lincoln During the Civil War." Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 22 (Winter 2001): 16-32.
327. Tregle, Joseph H. "Thomas J. Durant, Utopian Socialism, and the Failure of Presidential Reconstruction." Journal of Southern History 45 (November 1979): 485-512.
328. Tunnell, Ted. "Free Negroes and the Freedmen: Black Politics in New Orleans During the Civil War." Southern Studies 19 (Spring 1980): 5-28.
329. Vorenberg, Michael. "Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Colonization." Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 14 (Summer 1993): 23-45.
330. Westwood, Howard C. "Sherman Marched-And Proclaimed 'Land for the Landless.' " South Carolina Historical Magazine 85 (January 1984): 33-50.
331. White, Kenneth B. "Wager Swayne: Racist or Realist?" Alabama Review 31 (April 1978): 92-109.
332. Woodward, C. Vann. "Seeds of Failure in Radical Race Policy." In American Counterpoint: Slavery and Racism in the North-South Dialogue (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), 163-183.