Cerebral subcortical small vessel disease in subjects with pathologically confirmed alzheimer disease: A clinicopathologic study in the oxford project to investigate memory and ageing (OPTIMA)

Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 30-35

  Esiri, Margaret M ^a,b   Joachim, Catharine ^a,b   Sloan, Carolyn ^a,b   Christie, Sharon ^c   Agacinski, Grzegorz ^c   Bridges, Leslie R ^a   Wilcock, Gordon K ^c   Smith, A David ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d ST GEORGE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; neuropathology; subcortical small vessel disease

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 84894425814     PISSN: 08930341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e31829b72f1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Barnes DE, Yaffe K. The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:819-828.
2. Jellinger K. Morphological diagnosis of "vascular dementia" - a critical update. J Neurol Sci. 2008;270:1-12.
3. Miller JW, Green R, Ramos MI, et al. Homocysteine and cognitive function in the Sacramento area Latino study of aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:441-447.
4. Elias MF, Sullivan LM, D'Agostino RB, et al. Homocysteine and cognitive performance in the Framingham offspring study: age is important. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:644-653.
5. Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Stroke. 2011;42: 2672-2713.
6. Jellinger K. The neuropathologic substrates of vascularischemic dementia. In: Paul RH, Cohen R, Ott BR, Salloway S, eds. Vascular Dementia: Cerebrovascular Mechanisms and Clinical Management. New Jersey: Humana Press; 2005:23-56.
7. Razay G, Williams J, King E, et al. Blood pressure, dementia and Alzheimer's disease: the OPTIMA longitudinal study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;28:70-74.
8. Smallwood A, Oulhaj A, Joachim C, et al. Cerebral subcortical small vessel disease and its relation to cognition in elderly subjects: a pathological study in the OPTIMA cohort. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2012;38:337-343.
9. Gearing M, Mirra SS, Hedreen JC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Part X: neuropathology confirmation of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1994;45:461-466.
10. Braak H, Braak E. Neuropathological staging of Alzheimerrelated changes. Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82:239-259.
11. Esiri MM, Wilcock GK, Morris JH. A neuropathological assessment of the lesions of significance in vascular dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;63:749-753.
12. Chui HC. Vascular cognitive impairment: today and tomorrow. Alzheimers Dement. 2006;2:185-194.
13. Jellinger KA. Small concomitant cerebrovascular lesions are not important for cognitive decline in severe Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:520-521.
14. Jellinger KA. The pathology of "vascular dementia": a critical update. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008;14:107-123.
15. Lee JH, Olichney JM, Hansen LA, et al. Small concomitant vascular lesions do not influence rates of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2000;57: 1474-1479.
16. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive assessment MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:695-699.
17. De la Torre JC. Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma and dialectics. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3:184-190.
18. Petrovitch H, White LR, Izmirilian G, et al. Midlife blood pressure and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and brain weight at death: the HAAS. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21: 57-62.
19. Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, et al. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study. JAMA. 1997;277:813-817.
20. Schneider JA, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, et al. Cerebral infarctions and the likelihood of dementia from Alzheimer disease pathology. Neurology. 2004;62:1148-1155.
21. Esiri MM, Nagy Z, Smith MZ, et al. Cerebrovascular disease lowers the threshold for dementia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1999;354:919-920.
22. Launer LJ, Petrovitch H, Ross GW, et al. AD brain pathology: vascular origins? Results from the HAAS study. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29:587-590.
23. Kloppenborg RP, van den Berg E, Kappelle LJ, et al. Diabetes and other risk factors for dementia: which factor matters most? A systematic review. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;585:97-108.
24. Whitmer RA, Sidney S, Selby J, et al. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 2005; 64:277-281.
25. Kennelly SP, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA. Blood pressure and dementia - a comprehensive review. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2009;2:241-260.
26. Purnell C, Gao S, Callahan CM, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review of the literature. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009;23:1-10.
27. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4:487-499.
28. Stewart R, Quian-Li X, Masaki K, et al. Change in blood pressure and incident dementia: a 32-year prospective study. Hypertension. 2009;54:233-240.
29. Novak V, Hajjar I. The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive function. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7:686-698.
30. Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996;347: 1141-1145.
31. Hogervorst E, Ribiero HM, Molyneux A, et al. Plasma homocysteine levels, cerebrovascular risk factors and cerebral white matter changes (leukoaraiosis) in patients with Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:787-793.
32. Tseng Y-L, Chang Y-Y, Liu J-S, et al. Association of plasma homocysteine concentration with cerebral white matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance images in stroke patients. J Neurol Sci. 2009;284:36-39.
33. Simoni M, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM. Validity of CT versus MR brain imaging in studies of risk factors for leukoaraiosis: a systematic review. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;29(suppl 2):300.
34. Lu F-P, Lin K-P, Kuo H-K. Diabetes and the risk of multisystem aging phenotypes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. PLoS One. 2009;4:e4144.
35. McCrimmon RJ, Ryan CM, Frier BM. Diabetes and cognitive dysfunction. Lancet. 2012;379:2291-2299.
36. Nicoll JAR, Savva GM, Stewart J, et al. Association between APOE genotype, neuropathology and dementia in the older population of England and Wales. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2011;37:285-294.