I know how you felt last night, or do I? Self- and external ratings of emotions in REM sleep dreams

Consciousness and Cognition

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 51-66

  Sikka, Pilleriin ^a,b   Valli, Katja ^a,b   Virta, Tiina ^a   Revonsuo, Antti ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SKÖVDE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Content analysis; Dreaming; Emotions; Modified Differential Emotions Scale; REM sleep

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE BIAS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIFFERENTIAL EMOTIONS SCALE; DREAM; EMOTION; EXTERNAL RATING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; NORMAL HUMAN; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; REM SLEEP; SELF CONCEPT; SELF REPORT; WAKEFULNESS; YOUNG ADULT;

CONTENT ANALYSIS; DREAMING; EMOTIONS; MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL EMOTIONS SCALE; REM SLEEP;

ADULT; DREAMS; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; SELF CONCEPT; SELF REPORT; SLEEP, REM; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84894325874     PISSN: 10538100     EISSN: 10902376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.011     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Agargun M.Y., Cartwright R. REM sleep, dream variables and suicidality in depressed patients. Psychiatry Research 2003, 119:33-39. 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00111-2.
2. Antrobus J. REM and NREM sleep reports: Comparison of word frequencies by cognitive classes. Psychophysiology 1983, 20:562-568. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03015.x.
3. Averill J.R. On the paucity of positive emotions. Assessment and modification of emotional behavior 1980, Vol. 6:7-45. Plenum, New York. K.R. Blankstein, P. Pliner, J. Polivy (Eds.).
4. Ben-Ze'ev A. The subtlety of emotions 2000, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
5. Blagrove M., Framer L., Williams E. The relationship of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress to well-being. Journal of Sleep Research 2004, 13:129-136. 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2004.00394.x.
6. Buysse D.J., Reynolds C.F., Monk T.H., Berman S.R., Kupfer D.J. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research 1989, 28:193-213.
7. Cacioppo J.T., Gardner W.L., Berntson G.G. The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999, 76:839-855. 10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.839.
8. Cartwright R.D. Dreams and adaptation to divorce. Trauma and dreams 1996, 173-185. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. D. Barrett (Ed.).
9. Casagrande M., Violani C., Lucidi F., Buttinelli E., Bertini M. Variations in sleep mentation as a function of time of night. International Journal of Neuroscience 1996, 85:19-30.
10. Cohen D.B. Frequency of dream recall estimated by three methods and related to defence preference and anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1969, 33:661-667. 10.1037/h0028438.
11. Domhoff G.W. The content of dreams: Methodologic and theoretical implications. Principles and practices of sleep medicine 2005, 522-534. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 4th ed. M.H. Kryger, T. Roth, W.C. Dement (Eds.).
12. Domhoff G.W., Schneider A. Much ado about very little: The small effect sizes when home and laboratory collected dreams are compared. Dreaming 1999, 9:139-151. 10.1023/A:1021389615347.
13. Flanagan O. Dreaming is not an adaptation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2000, 23:936-939. 10.1017/S0140525X00404024.
14. Fosse R., Stickgold R., Hobson J.A. The mind in REM sleep: Reports of emotional experience. Sleep 2001, 24:947-955.
15. Foulkes D., Sullivan B., Kerr N.H., Brown L. Appropriateness of dream feelings to dreamed situations. Cognition & Emotion 1988, 2:29-39. 10.1080/02699938808415227.
16. Fredrickson B.L. What good are positive emotions?. Review of General Psychology 1998, 2:300-319. 10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300.
17. Fredrickson B.L. Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances in experimental social psychology 2013, Vol. 47:1-53. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
18. Fredrickson B.L., Tugade M.M., Waugh C.E., Larkin G.R. What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:365-376. 10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365.
19. Hall C.S., Van de Castle R.L. The content analysis of dreams 1966, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
20. Hartmann E. Making connections in a safe place: Is dreaming psychotherapy?. Dreaming 1995, 5:213-228.
21. Heinilä, A. (2008). 3-9-vuotiaiden lasten unennäkö ja unisisällöt: unipäiväkirjatutkimus kotioloissa (Master's thesis). University of Turku, Finland.
22. Hobson J.A. REM sleep and dreaming: Towards a theory of protoconsciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2009, 10:803-813. 10.1038/nrn2716.
23. Hobson J.A., Pace-Schott E.F., Stickgold R. Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2000, 23:793-1121. 10.1017/S0140525X00003976.
24. Iber C., Ancoli-Israel S., Chesson A., Quan S.F. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: Rules, terminology and technical specifications 2007, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester, Illinois. 1st ed.
25. Kahan T.L. Cognitive expertise and dreams. Encyclopedia of sleep and dreams 2012, 135-139. Greenwood Publishers, Santa Barbara, CA. D. Barrett, P. McNamara (Eds.).
26. Kahan T.L., Horton C.L. Methodological challenges in dream science. Encyclopedia of sleep and dreams 2012, 418-421. Greenwood Publishers, Santa Barbara, CA. D. Barrett, P. McNamara (Eds.).
27. Kahan T.L., LaBerge S. Cognition and metacognition in dreaming and waking: Comparisons of first and third-person ratings. Dreaming 1996, 6(4):235-249.
28. Kahneman D., Riis J. Living, and thinking about it: Two perspectives on life. The science of well-being 2005, 285-304. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. F.A. Huppert, N. Baylis, B. Keverne (Eds.).
29. Kramer M. The nightmare: A failure in dream function. Dreaming 1991, 1(4):227-285.
30. Kramer M., Winget C., Whitman R.M. A city dream: A survey approach to normative dream content. American Journal of Psychiatry 1971, 127:1350-1356.
31. LaBerge S., DeGarcia D.J. Varieties of lucid dreaming experience. Individual differences in conscious experience 2000, 269-307. John Benjamins, Amsterdam. R.G. Kunzendorf, B. Wallace (Eds.).
32. Mealey L. The illusory function of dreams: Another example of cognitive bias. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2000, 23(6):971-972. 10.1017/S0140525X00003976.
33. Merritt J.M., Stickgold R., Pace-Schott E., Williams J., Hobson J.A. Emotion profiles in the dreams of men and women. Consciousness and Cognition 1994, 3:46-60. 10.1006/ccog.1994.1004.
34. Nielsen T.A., Deslauriers D., Baylor G.W. Emotions on dream and waking event reports. Dreaming 1991, 1:287-300.
35. Nir Y., Tononi G. Dreaming and the brain: From phenomenology to neurophysiology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2010, 14:88-100. 10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.001.
36. Parke A.R., Horton C.L. A re-examination of the interference hypothesis on dream recall and dream salience. International Journal of Dream Research 2009, 2(2):60-69.
37. Pivik R.T. Tonic states and phasic events in relation to sleep mentation. The mind in sleep: Psychology and psychophysiology 1991, 214-247. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, NY. 2nd ed. S.J. Ellman, J.S. Antrobus (Eds.).
38. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects 1968, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. A. Rechtschaffen, A. Kales (Eds.).
39. Revonsuo A. The reinterpretation of dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2000, 23:877-901. 10.1017/S0140525X00003976.
40. Revonsuo A. Inner presence: Consciousness as a biological phenomenon 2006, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA & London.
41. Revonsuo A., Salmivalli C. A content-analysis of bizarre element in dreams. Dreaming 1995, 5:169-187.
42. Schimmack U. The structure of subjective well-being. The science of subjective well-being 2008, 97-123. The Guilford Press, New York, NY. M. Eid, R.J. Larsen (Eds.).
43. Schredl M. Questionnaires and diaries as research instruments in dream research: Methodological issues. Dreaming 2002, 12:17-26. 10.1023/A:1013890421674.
44. Schredl M., Doll E. Emotions in diary dreams. Consciousness and Cognition 1998, 7:634-646. 10.1006/ccog.1988.0356.
45. Schulz H., Bes F.W. The temporal distribution of awakenings during bed rest. Journal of Sleep Research 1998, 7(Suppl. 2):244.
46. Selvi Y., Aydin A., Gulec M., Boysan M., Besiroglu L., Ozdermir P.G., et al. Comparison of dream anxiety and subjective sleep quality between chronotypes. Sleep and Biological Rhythms 2012, 10:14-22. 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2011.00511.x.
47. Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 1965, 52:591-611. 10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591.
48. Snyder F. The phenomenology of dreaming. The psychodynamic implications of the physiological studies on dreams 1970, 124-151. Charles S. Thomas, Springfield, IL. L. Madow, L.H. Snow (Eds.).
49. St-Onge M., Lortie-Lussier M., Mercier P., Grenier J., De Koninck J. Emotions in the diary and REM dreams of young and late adulthood women and their relation to life satisfaction. Dreaming 2005, 15:116-128.
50. Strauch I., Meier B. In search of dreams: Results of experimental dream research 1996, State University of New York, New York.
51. Tuovila, S. (2005). Kun on tunteet. Suomen kielen tunnesanojen semantiikka (Doctoral thesis). Oulun Yliopisto, Oulu, Finland. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514278070.
52. Valli K., Revonsuo A. Sleep: Dreaming data and theory. Encyclopedia of consciousness 2009, Vol. 2:341-355. Elsevier, Oxford, UK.
53. Valli K., Strandholm T., Sillanmäki L., Revonsuo A. Dreams are more negative than real life: Implications for the function of dreaming. Cognition & Emotion 2008, 22:833-861. 10.1080/02699930701541591.
54. Verdone P. Temporal reference of manifest dream content. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1965, 20:1253-1268.
55. Watson D., Clark L.A. The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-Expanded form 1994, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. 2nd ed.
56. Wechsler D. Osatestien esitys- ja pisteitysohjeet: Kuvien järjestäminen. WAIS-III käsikirja: Wechsler adult intelligence scale 2005, 154-156. Psykologien Kustannus Oy, Helsinki. 3rd ed.
57. Wechsler, D. (2007). Esitys- ja pisteitysohjeet: Looginen muisti I and Looginen muisti II. In WMS-III käsikirja: Wechsler memory scale (3rd ed., pp. 108-109 & pp. 128-130).
58. Weisz R., Foulkes D. Home and laboratory dreams collected under uniform sampling conditions. Psychophysiology 1970, 6:588-596. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb02247.x.
59. Windt J.M., Noreika V. How to integrate dreaming into a general theory of consciousness - A critical review of existing positions and suggestions for future research. Consciousness and Cognition 2011, 20:1091-1107. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.utu.fi:2048/10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.010.