Weakening and strengthening of the Indian monsoon during Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations

Paleoceanography

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 99-114

  Deplazes, Gaudenz ^a   Lückge, Andreas ^b   Stuut, Jan Berend W ^c,d   Pätzold, Jürgen ^c   Kuhlmann, Holger ^c   Husson, Dorothée ^c   Fant, Mara ^c   Haug, Gerald H ^a,e  

^a GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^b FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR GEOSCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES BGR   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^d ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Arabian Sea; Dansgaard Oeschger oscillations; Heinrich events; Indian Monsoon; Sediment Transport; XRF

Indexed keywords

ARIDITY; DANSGAARD-OESCHGER CYCLE; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; EOLIAN DEPOSIT; GRAIN SIZE; HEINRICH EVENT; INTERSTADIAL; MONSOON; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PALEOCLIMATE; PROXY CLIMATE RECORD; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TELECONNECTION;

ARABIAN PENINSULA; ARCTIC; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); GREENLAND; INDIA;

EID: 84894079333     PISSN: 08838305     EISSN: 19449186     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013PA002509     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Ackerman, S. A., and, S. K. Cox, (1989), Surface weather observations of atmospheric dust over the southwest summer monsoon region, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 41 (1), 19-34.
2. 2, Nature, 415 (6868), 159-162. (Pubitemid 34059514)
3. Arz, H. W., F. Lamy, A. Ganopolski, N. Nowaczyk, and, J. Pätzold, (2007), Dominant Northern Hemisphere climate control over millennial-scale glacial sea-level variability, Quat. Sci. Rev., 26 (3-4), 312-321.
4. 18O and Mg/Ca, Quat. Res., 73 (3), 535-540.
5. Behl, R. J., and, J. P. Kennett, (1996), Brief interstadial events in the Santa Barbara basin, NE Pacific, during the past 60 kyr, Nature, 379 (6562), 243-246.
6. Bond, G., W. Broecker, S. Johnsen, J. McManus, L. Labeyrie, J. Jouzel, and, G. Bonani, (1993), Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice, Nature, 365 (6442), 143-147. (Pubitemid 24394502)
7. Böning, P., and, E. Bard, (2009), Millennial/centennial-scale thermocline ventilation changes in the Indian Ocean as reflected by aragonite preservation and geochemical variations in Arabian Sea sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73 (22), 6771-6788.
8. Bookhagen, B., and, D. W. Burbank, (2010), Toward a complete Himalayan hydrological budget: Spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03019, doi: 10.1029/2009JF001426.
9. Boos, W. R., and, Z. Kuang, (2010), Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating, Nature, 463 (7278), 218-222.
10. Broecker, W. S., (1994), Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change, Nature, 372 (6505), 421-424. (Pubitemid 24365441)
11. Caley, T., B. Malaize, S. Zaragosi, L. Rossignol, J. Bourget, F. Eynaud, P. Martinez, J. Giraudeau, K. Charlier, and, N. Ellouz-Zimmermann, (2011), New Arabian Sea records help decipher orbital timing of Indo-Asian monsoon, Earth Planet. Sci. Rev., 308 (3-4), 433-444.
12. Clemens, S. C., (1998), Dust response to seasonal atmospheric forcing: Proxy evaluation and calibration, Paleoceanography, 13 (5), 471-490. (Pubitemid 29097066)
13. Clemens, S. C., and, W. L. Prell, (1990), Late Pleistocene variability of Arabian Sea summer monsoon winds and continental aridity: Eolian records from the lithogenic component of deep-sea sediments, Paleoceanography, 5 (2), 109-145.
14. Clemens, S. C., and, W. L. Prell, (2003), A 350,000 year summer-monsoon multi-proxy stack from the Owen ridge, Northern Arabian sea, Mar. Geol., 201 (1-3), 35-51. (Pubitemid 37207627)
15. Clift, P. D., et al. (2008), Holocene erosion of the Lesser Himalaya triggered by intensified summer monsoon, Geology, 36 (1), 79-82.
16. Cowie, G. L., S. Mowbray, M. Lewis, H. Matheson, and, R. McKenzie, (2009), Carbon and nitrogen elemental and stable isotopic compositions of surficial sediments from the Pakistan margin of the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 56 (6-7), 271-282.
17. Dagg, M., R. Benner, S. Lohrenz, and, D. Lawrence, (2004), Transformation of dissolved and particulate materials on continental shelves influenced by large rivers: Plume processes, Cont. Shelf Res., 24 (7-8), 833-858. (Pubitemid 38630277)
18. Dansgaard, W., et al. (1993), Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record, Nature, 364 (6434), 218-220. (Pubitemid 24391986)
19. Deplazes, G., et al. (2013), Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period, Nat. Geosci., 6 (2), 213-217.
20. Dypvik, H., and, N. B. Harris, (2001), Geochemical facies analysis of fine-grained siliciclastics using Th/U, Zr/Rb and (Zr plus Rb)/Sr ratios, Chem. Geol., 181 (1-4), 131-146. (Pubitemid 33045218)
21. Findlater, J., (1969), A major low-level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 95 (404), 362-380.
22. Fine, R. A., W. M. Smethie, J. L. Bullister, M. Rhein, D. H. Min, M. J. Warner, A. Poisson, and, R. F. Weiss, (2008), Decadal ventilation and mixing of Indian Ocean waters, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 55 (1), 20-37.
23. Fleitmann, D., S. J. Burns, M. Mudelsee, U. Neff, J. Kramers, A. Mangini, and, A. Matter, (2003), Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from Southern Oman, Science, 300 (5626), 1737-1739. (Pubitemid 36712567)
24. Ganopolski, A., and, S. Rahmstorf, (2001), Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model, Nature, 409 (6817), 153-158. (Pubitemid 32144274)
25. Giosan, L., S. Constantinescu, P. D. Clift, A. R. Tabrez, M. Danish, and, A. Inam, (2006), Recent morphodynamics of the Indus delta shore and shelf, Cont. Shelf Res., 26 (14), 1668-1684.
26. Glennie, K. W., A. K. Singhvi, N. Lancaster, and, J. T. Teller, (2002), Quaternary climatic changes over Southern Arabia and the Thar Desert, India, in Tectonic and Climatic Evolution of the Arabian Sea Region, edited by, P. D. Clift, et al., pp. 301-316, Geological Society, London. (Pubitemid 36290256)
27. Gupta, A. K., D. M. Anderson, and, J. T. Overpeck, (2003), Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 421 (6921), 354-357. (Pubitemid 36157929)
28. Heinrich, H., (1988), Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years, Quat. Res., 29 (2), 142-152. (Pubitemid 19296067)
29. Hemming, S. R., (2004), Heinrich events: Massive Late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint, Rev. Geophys., 42, RG1005, doi: 10.1029/2003RG000128.
30. Higginson, M. J., M. A. Altabet, D. W. Murray, R. W. Murray, and, T. D. Herbert, (2004), Geochemical evidence for abrupt changes in relative strength of the Arabian monsoons during a stadial/interstadial climate transition, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68 (19), 3807-3826. (Pubitemid 39547022)
31. Hodell, D. A., J. E. T. Channell, J. H. Curtis, O. E. Romero, and, U. Röhl, (2008a), Onset of "Hudson Strait" Heinrich events in the eastern North Atlantic at the end of the middle Pleistocene transition (similar to 640 ka)?, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4218, doi: 10.1029/2008PA001591.
32. Hodell, D. A., et al. (2008b), An 85-ka record of climate change in lowland Central America, Quat. Sci. Rev., 27 (11-12), 1152-1165.
33. Honjo, S., J. Dymond, W. Prell, and, V. Ittekkot, (1999), Monsoon-controlled export fluxes to the interior of the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 46, 1859-1902. (Pubitemid 29360472)
34. Inam, A., P. D. Clift, L. Giosan, A. R. Tabrez, M. Tahir, M. M. Rabbani, and, M. Danish, (2007), The geographic, geological and oceanographic setting of the Indus River, in Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management, edited by, A. Gupta, pp. 333-345, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York.
35. Ivanochko, T. S., R. S. Ganeshram, G. J. A. Brummer, G. Ganssen, S. J. A. Jung, S. G. Moreton, and, D. Kroon, (2005), Variations in tropical convection as an amplifier of global climate change at the millennial scale, Earth Planet. Sci. Rev., 235 (1-2), 302-314. (Pubitemid 40841306)
36. Janowiak, J. E., and, P. P. Xie, (1999), CAMS-OPI: A global satellite-rain gauge merged product for real-time precipitation monitoring applications, J. Clim., 12 (11), 3335-3342.
37. Jung, S. J. A., D. Kroon, G. Ganssen, F. Peeters, and, R. Ganeshram, (2009), Enhanced Arabian Sea intermediate water flow during glacial North Atlantic cold phases, Earth Planet. Sci. Rev., 280 (1-4), 220-228.
38. Kar, A., A. K. Singhvi, S. N. Rajaguru, N. Juyal, J. V. Thomas, D. Banerjee, and, R. P. Dhir, (2001), Reconstruction of the late Quaternary environment of the lower Luni plains, Thar Desert, India, J. Quat. Sci., 16 (1), 61-68.
39. Klöcker, R., and, R. Henrich, (2006), Recent and Late Quaternary pteropod preservation on the Pakistan shelf and continental slope, Mar. Geol., 231 (1-4), 103-111. (Pubitemid 44307294)
40. Krebs, U., and, A. Timmermann, (2007), Tropical air-sea interactions accelerate the recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation after a major shutdown, J. Clim., 20 (19), 4940-4956. (Pubitemid 47617990)
41. Krishnamurti, T. N., Y. Ramanathan, R. Pasch, and, P. Greiman, (1980), Quick look Summer MONEX atlasRep., Florida State University, Tallahassee.
42. Kudrass, H. R., A. Hofmann, H. Doose, K. Emeis, and, H. Erlenkeuser, (2001), Modulation and amplification of climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere by the Indian summer monsoon during the past 80 k.y, Geology, 29 (1), 63-66.
43. Kumar, S. P., M. Madhupratap, M. D. Kumar, M. Gauns, P. M. Muraleedharan, V. V. S. S. Sarma, and, S. N. De Souza, (2000), Physical control of primary productivity on a seasonal scale in central and eastern Arabian Sea, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Earth Planet. Sci., 109 (4), 433-441. (Pubitemid 44740571)
44. Limmer, D. R., P. Böning, L. Giosan, C. Ponton, C. M. Köhler, M. J. Cooper, A. R. Tabrez, and, P. D. Clift, (2012), Geochemical record of Holocene to Recent sedimentation on the Western Indus continental shelf, Arabian Sea, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 13, Q01008, doi: 10.1029/2011GC003845.
45. 18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, doi: 10.1029/2004PA001071. (Pubitemid 40865277)
46. Lückge, A., M. Ercegovac, H. Strauss, and, R. Littke, (1999), Early diagenetic alteration of organic matter by sulfate reduction in Quaternary sediments from the northeastern Arabian Sea, Mar. Geol., 158 (1-4), 1-13. (Pubitemid 29239815)
47. Lückge, A., H. Doose-Rolinski, A. A. Khan, H. Schulz, and, U. von Rad, (2001), Monsoonal variability in the northeastern Arabian Sea during the past 5000 years: Geochemical evidence from laminated sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 167 (3-4), 273-286. (Pubitemid 32205639)
48. Lückge, A., L. Reinhardt, H. Andruleit, H. Doose-Rolinski, U. von Rad, H. Schulz, and, U. Treppke, (2002), Formation of varve-like laminae off Pakistan: Decoding 5 years of sedimentation, in The Tectonic and Climatic Evolution of the Arabian Sea Region, edited by, P. D. Clift, et al., pp. 421-431, Geological Society, London. (Pubitemid 36290258)
49. Lückge, A., G. Deplazes, H. Schulz, G. Scheeder, A. Suckow, S. Kasten, and, G. H. Haug, (2012), Impact of Indus River discharge on productivity and preservation of organic carbon in the Arabian Sea over the twentieth century, Geology, 40 (5), 399-402.
50. McManus, J. F., R. Francois, J. M. Gherardi, L. D. Keigwin, and, S. Brown-Leger, (2004), Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes, Nature, 428 (6985), 834-837. (Pubitemid 38529493)
51. Middleton, N. J., (1986), Dust storms in the Middle East, J. Arid Environ., 10 (2), 83-96.
52. Milliman, J. D., G. S. Quraishee, and, M. A. A. Beg, (1984), Sediment discharge from the Indus River to the Ocean: Past, present, future, in Marine Geology and Oceanography of Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan, edited by, P. Haq, and, J. D. Milliman, pp. 65-70, van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
53. Mulitza, S., M. Prange, J. B. Stuut, M. Zabel, T. von Dobeneck, A. C. Itambi, J. Nizou, M. Schulz, and, G. Wefer, (2008), Sahel megadroughts triggered by glacial slowdowns of Atlantic meridional overturning, Paleoceanography, 23, PA4206, doi: 10.1029/2008PA001637.
54. North Greenland Ice Core Project Members (2004), High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period, Nature, 431 (7005), 147-151.
55. Pedersen, T. F., G. B. Shimmield, and, N. B. Price, (1992), Lack of enhanced preservation of organic matter in sediments under the oxygen minimum on the Oman Margin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56 (1), 545-551.
56. Peterson, L. C., G. H. Haug, K. A. Hughen, and, U. Röhl, (2000), Rapid changes in the hydrologic cycle of the tropical Atlantic during the last glacial, Science, 290 (5498), 1947-1951.
57. Pichevin, L., E. Bard, P. Martinez, and, I. Billy, (2007), Evidence of ventilation changes in the Arabian Sea during the late Quaternary: Implication for denitrification and nitrous oxide emission, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB4008, doi: 10.1029/2006GB002852. (Pubitemid 351386630)
58. Pourmand, A., F. Marcantonio, and, H. Schulz, (2004), Variations in productivity and eolian fluxes in the northeastern Arabian Sea during the past 110 ka, Earth Planet. Sci. Rev., 221 (1-4), 39-54. (Pubitemid 38554956)
59. Preusser, F., D. Radies, and, A. Matter, (2002), A 160,000-year record of dune development and atmospheric circulation in southern Arabia, Science, 296 (5575), 2018-2020. (Pubitemid 34627522)
60. Prins, M. A., and, G. Postma, (2000), Effects of climate, sea level, and tectonics unraveled for last deglaciation turbidite records of the Arabian Sea, Geology, 28 (4), 375-378. (Pubitemid 32836089)
61. Prins, M. A., and, G. J. Weltje, (1999), End-member modeling of siliciclastic grain-size distributions: The Late Quaternary record of eolian and fluvial sediment supply to the Arabian Sea and its paleoclimatic significance, in Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy: Recent Advances in Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Computer Simulations, edited by, J. W. Harbaugh, et al., pp. 91-111, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, USA.
62. Prins, M. A., G. Postma, J. Cleveringa, A. Cramp, and, N. H. Kenyon, (2000), Controls on terrigenous sediment supply to the Arabian Sea during the late Quaternary: The Indus Fan, Mar. Geol., 169 (3-4), 327-349.
63. Rea, D. K., (1994), The paleoclimate record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea: the geologic history of wind, Rev. Geophys., 32 (2), 159-195. (Pubitemid 24987630)
64. Reichart, G. J., L. J. Lourens, and, W. J. Zachariasse, (1998), Temporal variability in the northern Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) during the last 225,000 years, Paleoceanography, 13 (6), 607-621. (Pubitemid 29199339)
65. Reichart, G. J., H. Brinkhuis, F. Huiskamp, and, W. J. Zachariasse, (2004), Hyperstratification following glacial overturning events in the northern Arabian Sea, Paleoceanography, 19, PA2013, doi: 10.1029/2003PA000900. (Pubitemid 39250688)
66. Roberts, A. P., E. J. Rohling, K. M. Grant, J. C. Larrasoana, and, Q. S. Liu, (2011), Atmospheric dust variability from Arabia and China over the last 500,000 years, Quat. Sci. Rev., 30 (25-26), 3537-3541.
67. Rosenberg, T. M., F. Preusser, D. Fleitmann, A. Schwalb, K. Penkman, T. W. Schmid, M. A. Al-Shanti, K. Kadi, and, A. Matter, (2011), Humid periods in southern Arabia: Windows of opportunity for modern human dispersal, Geology, 39 (12), 1115-1118.
68. Ruth, U., M. Bigler, R. Röthlisberger, M. L. Siggaard-Andersen, S. Kipfstuhl, K. Goto-Azuma, M. E. Hansson, S. J. Johnsen, H. Y. Lu, and, J. P. Steffensen, (2007), Ice core evidence for a very tight link between North Atlantic and east Asian glacial climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03706, doi: 10.1029/2006GL027876. (Pubitemid 47287276)
69. Schefuss, E., H. Kuhlmann, G. Mollenhauer, M. Prange, and, J. Pätzold, (2011), Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years, Nature, 480 (7378), 509-512.
70. Schmittner, A., E. D. Galbraith, S. W. Hostetler, T. F. Pedersen, and, R. Zhang, (2007), Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3207, doi: 10.1029/2006PA001384. (Pubitemid 350201887)
71. Schulte, S., and, P. J. Müller, (2001), Variations of sea surface temperature and primary productivity during Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events in the northeastern Arabian Sea, Geo-Mar. Lett., 21 (3), 168-175. (Pubitemid 33102401)
72. Schulte, S., F. Rostek, E. Bard, J. Rullkötter, and, O. Marchal, (1999), Variations of oxygen-minimum and primary productivity recorded in sediments of the Arabian Sea, Earth Planet. Sci. Rev., 173 (3), 205-221. (Pubitemid 30065805)
73. Schulz, H., U. von Rad, and, H. Erlenkeuser, (1998), Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate oscillations of the past 110,000 years, Nature, 393 (6680), 54-57. (Pubitemid 28240251)
74. Schulz, H., K. C. Emeis, H. Erlenkeuser, U. von Rad, and, C. Rolf, (2002), The Toba volcanic event and interstadial/stadial climates at the marine isotopic stage 5 to 4 transition in the northern Indian Ocean, Quat. Res., 57 (1), 22-31. (Pubitemid 36261121)
75. Siddall, M., E. J. Rohling, W. G. Thompson, and, C. Waelbroeck, (2008), Marine Isotope Stage 3 sea level fluctuations: Data synthesis and new outlook, Rev. Geophys., 46, RG4003, doi: 10.1029/2007RG000226.
76. Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., W. I. C. Rijpstra, and, G. J. Reichart, (2002), The influence of oxic degradation on the sedimentary biomarker record II. Evidence from Arabian Sea sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66 (15), 2737-2754. (Pubitemid 34956006)
77. Sirocko, F., and, H. Lange, (1991), Clay-mineral accumulation rates in the Arabian Sea during late Quaternary, Mar. Geol., 97 (1-2), 105-119.
78. Sirocko, F., and, M. Sarnthein, (1989), Wind-borne deposits in the northwestern Indian Ocean: Record of Holocene sediments versus modern satellite data, in Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport, edited by, M. Leinen, and, M. Sarnthein, pp. 401-433, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
79. Sirocko, F., M. Sarnthein, H. Erlenkeuser, H. Lange, M. Arnold, and, J. C. Duplessy, (1993), Century-scale events in monsoonal climate over the past 24,000 years, Nature, 364 (6435), 322-324. (Pubitemid 24393253)
80. Sirocko, F., D. Garbe-Schönberg, and, C. Devey, (2000), Processes controlling trace element geochemistry of Arabian Sea sediments during the last 25,000 years, Global Planet. Change, 26 (1-3), 217-303.
81. Stager, J. C., D. B. Ryves, B. M. Chase, and, F. S. R. Pausata, (2011), Catastrophic drought in the Afro-Asian monsoon region during Heinrich event 1, Science, 331 (6022), 1299-1302.
82. Stanford, J. D., R. Hemingway, E. J. Rohling, P. G. Challenor, M. Medina-Elizalde, and, A. J. Lester, (2011), Sea-level probability for the last deglaciation: A statistical analysis of far-field records, Global Planet. Change, 79 (3-4), 193-203.
83. 39Ar age for the Toba supereruption and global synchronization of late Quaternary records, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109 (46), 18,684-18,688.
84. Stuut, J.-B. W., M. A. Prins, R. R. Schneider, G. J. Weltje, J. H. F. Jansen, and, G. Postma, (2002), A 300-kyr record of aridity and wind strength in southwestern Africa: Inferences from grain-size distributions of sediments on Walvis Ridge, SE Atlantic, Mar. Geol., 180 (1-4), 221-233. (Pubitemid 34248732)
85. Sun, Y. B., S. C. Clemens, C. Morrill, X. P. Lin, X. L. Wang, and, Z. S. An, (2012), Influence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon, Nat. Geosci., 5 (1), 46-49.
86. Tyson, R. V., (2005), The "productivity versus preservation" controversy: Cause, flaws, and resolution, in The Deposition of Organic-Carbon-Rich Sediments: Models, Mechanisms and Consequences, edited by, N. B. Harris, pp. 17-33, Society of Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, USA.
87. van der Weijden, C. H., G. J. Reichart, and, B. J. H. van Os, (2006), Sedimentary trace element records over the last 200 kyr from within and below the northern Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone, Mar. Geol., 231 (1-4), 69-88.
88. von Rad, U., and, M. Tahir, (1997), Late Quaternary sedimentation on the outer Indus shelf and slope (Pakistan): Evidence from high-resolution seismic data and coring, Mar. Geol., 138 (3-4), 193-236. (Pubitemid 27275323)
89. von Rad, U., H. Schulz, V. Riech, M. den Dulk, U. Berner, and, F. Sirocko, (1999), Multiple monsoon-controlled breakdown of oxygen-minimum conditions during the past 30,000 years documented in laminated sediments off Pakistan, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 152 (1-2), 129-161. (Pubitemid 29358173)
90. von Rad, U., K.-P. Burgath, M. Pervaz, and, H. Schulz, (2002), Discovery of the Toba Ash (c. 70 ka) in a high-resolution core recovering millennial monsoonal variability off Pakistan, in The Tectonic and Climatic Evolution of the Arabian Sea Region, edited by, P. D. Clift, et al., pp. 445-461, Geological Society, London. (Pubitemid 36280988)
91. Wang, Y. J., H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, Z. S. An, J. Y. Wu, C. C. Shen, and, J. A. Dorale, (2001), A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China, Science, 294 (5550), 2345-2348. (Pubitemid 33140556)
92. Wang, Y. J., H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, X. G. Kong, X. H. Shao, S. T. Chen, J. Y. Wu, X. Y. Jiang, X. F. Wang, and, Z. S. An, (2008), Millennial- and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years, Nature, 451 (7182), 1090-1093. (Pubitemid 351317452)
93. Webster, P. J., V. O. Magana, T. N. Palmer, J. Shukla, R. A. Tomas, M. Yanai, and, T. Yasunari, (1998), Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C7), 14,451-14,510.
94. Weltje, G. J., (1997), End-member modeling of compositional data: Numerical-statistical algorithms for solving the explicit mixing problem, Math. Geol., 29 (4), 503-549. (Pubitemid 28033146)
95. Wolff, E. W., J. Chappellaz, T. Blunier, S. O. Rasmussen, and, A. Svensson, (2010), Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial: The ice core record, Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 2828-2838.
96. Wu, G., Y. Liu, B. He, Q. Bao, A. Duan, and, F. F. Jin, (2012), Thermal controls on the Asian summer monsoon, Sci. Rep., 2 (404), doi: 10.1038/srep00404.
97. Zhang, R., and, T. L. Delworth, (2005), Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, J. Clim., 18 (12), 1853-1860. (Pubitemid 41269194)
98. Ziegler, M., L. J. Lourens, E. Tuenter, F. Hilgen, G. J. Reichart, and, N. Weber, (2010), Precession phasing offset between Indian summer monsoon and Arabian Sea productivity linked to changes in Atlantic overturning circulation, Paleoceanography, 25, PA3213, doi: 10.1029/2009PA001884.