Elephant-induced displacement and the power of choice: Moral narratives about resettlement in mozambique′s limpopo national park

Conservation and Society

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 406-419

  Witter, Rebecca ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

choice; conservation related resettlement; elephant induced displacement; Limpopo National Park; moral narratives; Mozambique

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893789112     PISSN: 09724923     EISSN: 09753133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.125756     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Adams, J.S. and T.O. McShane. 1992. The myth of wild Africa: Conservation without illusion. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
2. Adams, W. and D. Hulme. 2001. Conservation and community: Changing narratives, policies and practices in African conservation. In African wildlife and livelihoods: The promise and performance of community conservation (eds. Hulme, D. and M. Murphree). Pp. 9-23. Oxford: James Currey Ltd
3. Anderson, D. and R. Grove. 1987. Introduct ion. The scramble for Eden: Past, present, and future in African conservation. In Conservation in Africa: People, policies, and practice (eds. Anderson, D. and R. Grove). Pp. 1-13. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press
4. Anderson, J.L. and F. Pariela. 2005. Strategies to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, Mozambique. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Wildlife Management Working Paper No. 8
5. Anstey, S. 2001. Necessarily vague: The political economy of community conservation in Mozambique. In African wildlife and livelihoods: The promise and performance of community conservation (eds. Hulme, D. and M. Murphree). Pp. 74-87. Oxford: James Currey Ltd
6. Basso, K. 1984. Stalking with stories: Names, places, and moral narratives among the Western Apache. In Text, play and story: The construction and re-construction of self and society (ed. Platner, S.). Pp. 19-55. Washington, DC: American Ethnological Society
7. Bennett, O. and C. McDowell. 2012. Displaced: The human cost of displacement and resettlement. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan
8. Boom, R. 2010. Beyond borders. Wild Magazine Winter 2010: 46-51
9. Brosius, J.P., A.L. Tsing, and C. Zerner. 1998. Representing communities: Histories and politics of community-based natural resource management. Society and Natural Resources 11: 157-168
10. Bryant, R.L. 2000. Politicized moral geographies: Debating biodiversity conservation and ancestral domain in the Philippines. Political Geography 19: 673-705
11. Büscher, B. and W. Whande. 2007. Whims of the winds of time Emerging trends in biodiversity conservation and protected area management. Conservation and Society 5(1): 22-43
12. Büscher, B. 2010. Seeking telos in the transfrontier Neoliberalism and the transcending of community conservation in Southern Africa. Environment and Planning A 4: 644-660
13. Campbell, L. 2002. Conservation narratives in Costa Rica: Conflict and coexistence. Development and Change 33: 29-56
14. Carruthers, J. 1995. The Kruger National Park: A social and political history. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press
15. Cernea, M. 2006. Re-examining "displacement" : A redefinition of concepts in development and conservation policies. Social Change 36: 8-35
16. Chernela, J. and L. Zanotti. Forthcoming. Limits to knowledge: Indigenous peoples, NGOs, and the moral economy in the eastern Amazon of Brazil. Conservation and Society
17. Cronon, W. 1992. A place for stories: Nature, history and narrative. The Journal of American History 78(4): 1347-1376
18. Cruikshank, J. 1998. The social life of stories: Narrative and knowledge in the Yukon Territory. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press
19. Dear, C. and S. McCool. 2010. Causes and consequences of displacement decision-making in Banhine National Park, Mozambique. Conservation and Society 8(2): 103-111
20. DeMotts, R.B. 2 005. Democratic environments Conservation and development across southern African borders. Ph.D. thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
21. Dolan, C. 2010. Virtual moralities: The mainstreaming of fairtrade in Kenyan tea fields. Geoforum 41: 33-43
22. Dowie, M. 2009. Conservation refugees: The one hundred year conflict between global conservation and native peoples. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
23. Duffy, R. 1997. The environmental challenge to the nation-state: Superparks and the national parks policy in Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies 23: 441-451
24. Edel, M. and A. Edel. 2000. Anthropology & ethics: The quest for moral understanding. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers
25. Edelman, M. 2005. Bringing the moral economy back in to the study of 21stcentury transnational peasant movements. American Anthropologist 107: 331-345
26. Evans, G. 1987. Sources of peasant consciousness in South-east Asia: A survey. Social History 12(2): 1983-211
27. Garland, E. 2008. The elephant in the room: Confronting the colonial character of wildlife conservation in Africa. African Studies Review 51(3): 51-74
28. Glaser, B.G. and A.L. Strauss. 1967. The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Pub. Co
29. Hatton, J., M. Couto, and J. Oglethorpe. 2001. Biodiversity and war: A case study of Mozambique. Washington, DC: Biodiversity Support Programme
30. Holden, P. 2001. Land use planning of Coutada 16: Part of the Gaza-Kruger-Gonarezhou Transfrontier Park. Stellenbosch: Peace Parks Foundation
31. Impacto Projectos e Estudos Ambiente s. 2005. Possible voluntary resettlement of communities living along the Shingwedzi River: Preliminary identification of areas with potential for resettlement. Maputo: Ministry of Tourism
32. Isaacman, A.F., and B. Isaacman. 1983. Mozambique: From colonialism to revolution, 1900-1982. Boulder, CA: Aldershot
33. Jeanrenaud, S. 2002. Changing people/nature representations in international conservation discourses. IDS Bulletin 33(1): 111-122
34. Lubkemann, S. 2008. Involuntary immobility: On a theoretical invisibility in forced migration studies. Journal of Refugee Studies 21(4): 454-475
35. Lunstrum, E. 2008. Mozambique, neoliberal land reform, and the Limpopo National Park. The Geographical Review 98: 339-355
36. Lunstrum, E. Forthcoming. Green militarization: Anti-poaching efforts and the spatial contou rs of Kruger National Park. Annals of the Association of American Geographers
37. MacDonald, K. 2013. Grabbing green: Cynical reason, instrumental ethics and the production of the green economy . Human Geography 6: 46-63
38. Maluleke, G.L. 2005. Effects of the Great Limpopo Trans-Frontier Park (GLTP) on communities: A case study of Makhandezulu community in Mozambique. M.Sc. thesis. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
39. Mandela, N. 2001. Address by former President Nelson Mandela at the occasion of the opening of the Gaza-Kruger-Gonarezhou Transfrontier Park. 4 October 2001. http://www.environment.gov.za/NewsMedia/Speeches/2001oct4-1/ Mandela-041 02001.htm. Accessed on March 8, 2012
40. Mavhunga, C. and M. Spierenburg. 2009 Transfrontier talk, cordon politics: The forgotten history of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park in southern Africa, 1925-1940. Journal of Southern African Studies 35: 715-735
41. Milgroom, J. and M. Spierenburg. 2008. Induced volition: Resettlement from the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 26: 435-448
42. MITUR (Ministry of Tourism). 2003. Limpopo National Park management and development plan. Maputo: Ministry of Tourism
43. MITUR (Ministry of Tourism). 2007. Resettlement of people living in the Shingwedzi River Valley: Resettlement Action Plan for Nanguene Village. Maputo: Ministry of Tourism
44. Moore, D.S. 1993. Contesting terrain in Zimbabwe s eastern highlands: Political ecology, ethnography, and peasant resource struggles. Economic Geography 69: 380-401
45. Moosa, V. 2001. Minister Moosas spee ch at the occasion of the handover of elephants to Mozambique. October 4, 2001. http://www.environment. gov.za/NewsMedia/Speeches/2001oct4/GKG-04102001.htm. Accessed on March 8, 2012
46. Murray, M. 1995. Blackbirding at Crooks Corner : Illicit labour recruiting in the northeastern Transvaal, 1910-1940. Journal of Southern African Studies 21(3): 373-397
47. Neumann, R. 1995. Ways of seeing Africa: Colonial recasting of African society and landscape in Serengeti National Park. Ecumene 2: 149-169
48. Neumann, R. 1998. Imposing wilderness: Struggles over livelihood and nature preservation in Africa. Berkley, CA: University of California Press
49. Nhalidade, A. 2002. Community Mobilization and Organization Report. Maputo: Direccão National de Areas de Conservacão (DNAC), Ministry of Tourism
50. PPF (Peace Parks Foundation). 2003a. 40 elephants move to Mozambique. http://www.ppf.org.za/News. Accessed on April 25, 2010
51. PPF (Peace Parks Foundation). 2003b . Wildlife translocation, 30 June 2003. http://www.peaceparks.org/news.phppid=1090&mid=342&lid=1005. Accessed on August 8, 2012
52. PPF (Peace Parks Foundation). 2003c . Seven elephants released. http://www.ppf.org.za/News. Accessed on April 25, 2010
53. Peluso, N. 1992. Rich forests, poor people: Resource control and resistance in Java. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
54. Ramutsindela, M. 2007. Transfrontier conservation in Africa: At the confluence of capital, politics and nature. Wallingford, WA; and Boston, MA: CABI
55. Redford, K. and S. Sanderson. 2006. No roads, only directions. Conservation and Society 4(3): 379-382
56. Roe, E.1991. Development narratives or making the best of blueprint development. World Development 19(4): 287-300
57. Ryan, G.W. and H.R. Bernard. 2003. Techniques to identify themes. F ield Methods 15: 85-109
58. Schmidt-Soltau, K. and D. Brockington. 2007. Protected areas and resettlement: what scope for voluntary relocation World Development 35: 2182-2202
59. Scott, J. 1976. The moral economy of the peasant: Rebellion and subsistence in Southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
60. Spierenburg, M., C. Steenkamp, and H. Wells. 2006. Resistance of local communities against mar ginalization in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area. Focaal-European Journal of Anthropology 47: 18-31
61. Spierenburg, M., C. Steenkamp, and H. Wels. 2008. Enclosing the local for the global com mons: Community land rights in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area. Conservation and Society 6: 87-97
62. Steinberg, M.D. and C. Wanner. 2008. Introduction: Reclaiming the sacred after communism. In: Religion, morality, and community in post-Soviet societies (eds. Steinberg, M. and C. Wanner). Pp. 1-20. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Press
63. Tanner, C. 2002. Law-making in an African context: The 1997 Mozambican Land Law. FAO Legal Papers Online 26
64. Thomson, E.P. 1971. The moral economy of the English crowd in the eighteenth century. Past and Present 50: 76-136
65. van Amerom, M. and B. Büscher 2005. Peace parks in Southern Africa: Bringers of an African Renaissance Journal of Modern African Studies 43(2): 159-182
66. Wagner, R. 1980. Zoutpansberg: The dynamics of a hunting frontier, 1848-67. In: Economy and society in pre-industrial South Africa (eds. Marks, S. and A. Atmore). Pp. 313-349. Cape Town: Longman
67. Wilhusen, P., S. Brechin, C. Fortwrangler, and P. West. 2002. Reinventing a squar e wheel: Critique of a resurgent "Protection Paradigm" in international biodiversity conservation. Society and Natural Resources 15: 17-40
68. Whyte, I.J., R.J. van Aarde, and S.L. Pimm. 2003. Kruger s elephant population: Its size and consequences for ecosystem heterogeneity. In The Kruger experience: Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity (eds. du Toit, J., K. Rogers, and H. Biggs). Pp. 332-348. Washington, DC: Island Press
69. Witter, R. 2010. Taking their territory with them when they go: Mobility and access in Mozambique s Limpopo National Park. Ph.D. thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
70. Witter, R. and T. Satterfield. In review. Invisible losses and the logics of resettlement compensation. Conservation Biology
71. Wolmer, W. 2007. From wilderness vision to farm invasion: Conservation and development in Zimbabwes south-east Lowveld. Oxford: James Currey, Ltd
72. World Bank. 2002. The World Banks environmental and social safeguard policies. Washington, DC: The World Bank
73. World Bank. 2004. Involuntary resettlement sourcebook: Planning and implementation in development projects. Washington, DC: The World Bank