Carbon footprint of particleboard: A comparison between ISO/TS 14067, GHG Protocol, PAS 2050 and Climate Declaration

Journal of Cleaner Production

Volumn 66, Issue , 2014, Pages 199-209

  Garcia, Rita ^a   Freire, Fausto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Carbon storage; Delayed emissions; Multifunctionality; Wood based panels

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL LIFE; CARBON DIOXIDE; EMISSION CONTROL; GREENHOUSE GASES; LAND FILL; LIFE CYCLE; PARTICLE BOARD; STORAGE (MATERIALS); WASTE INCINERATION;

CARBON STORAGE; FUNCTIONAL UNITS; INCINERATION PROCESS; LIFE CYCLE MODEL; MULTIFUNCTIONALITY; PRODUCT CATEGORIES; PRODUCT STANDARDS; WOOD-BASED PANELS;

CARBON FOOTPRINT;

EID: 84893731733     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.073     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. AFNOR Affichage-environnemental: BPX 30-323 2009 available at: http://affichage-environnemental.afnor.org/bpx30-323 (accessed 12.07.12.)
2. AIMMP Boletim informativo: Indústrias da Madeira e do Mobiliário 2010 available at: http://aimmp.pt (accessed 12.01.12.)
3. D.N. Bird, A. Cowie, D. Frieden, L. Gustavsson, N. Pena, K. Pingoud, S. Rueter, R. Sathre, S. Soimakallio, A. Tuerk, S. Woess-Gallasch, and G. Zanchi Emissions from Bioenergy: improved accounting options and new policy needs Proceedings of 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition 2010 98 102
4. BSI PAS 2050:2008 Specification for the Assessment of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services 2008 British Standards Institution London
5. BSI PAS 2050:2011 Specification for the Assessment of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services 2011 British Standards Institution London
6. BSI, WRI, and WBCSD Quantifying the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Products - PAS 2050 & the GHG Protocol Product Standard - a Short Guide to Their Purpose, Similarities and Differences 2011 available at: http://www.ghgprotocol. org/files/ghgp/public/GHG%20Protocol%20PAS%202050%20Factsheet.pdf (accessed 30.11.12.)
7. M. Brandão, and A. Levasseur Assessing Temporary Carbon Storage in Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprinting: Outcomes of an Expert Workshop 2011 Publications Office of the European Union Luxembourg
8. M. Brandão, A. Levasseur, M.U.F. Kirschbaum, B.P. Weidema, A.L. Cowie, S.V. Jørgensen, M.Z. Hauschild, D.W. Pennington, and K. Chomkhamsri Key issues and options in accounting for carbon sequestration and temporary storage in life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 18 2013 230 240
9. D. Cambria, and D. Pierangeli Application of a life cycle assessment to walnut tree (Juglans regia L.) high quality wood production: a case study in southern Italy J. Clean. Prod. 23 2012 37 46
10. 2 emissions from bioenergy Ecol. Model. 223 2011 59 66
11. R. Clift, A. Doig, and G. Finnveden The application of Life Cycle Assessment to integrated solid waste management, part 1 - methodology Process Safety Environ. Prot. 78 4 2000 279 287
12. R. Clift, and M. Brandão Carbon Storage and Timing of Emissions 2008 University of Surrey. Centre for Environmental Strategy Guildford Working Paper Number 02/08
13. A.C. Dias, L. Arroja, and I. Capela Carbon dioxide emissions from forest operations in Portuguese eucalypt and maritime pine stands Scand. J. For. Res. 22 2007 422 432
14. A.C. Dias, and L. Arroja Comparison of methodologies for estimating the carbon footprint - case study of office paper J. Clean. Prod. 24 2012 30 35
15. G. Doka Life Cycle Inventories of Waste Treatment Services Ecoinvent report No. 13 2009 Swiss Centre for LCI St. Gallen
16. L. Draucker, S. Kaufman, R. ter Kuile, and C. Meinrenken Moving forward on product carbon footprint standards J. Ind. Ecol. 15 2011 169 171
17. Ecoinvent Ecoinvent Database v2.2 2012 available at: http://www. ecoinvent.ch/ (accessed 03.05.12.)
18. Environdec PCR 2012:05 Particle and Fibreboard 2012 available at: http://www.environdec.com/en/Product-Category-Rules/Detail/?Pcr=7843#. UE4CW438t1c (accessed 20.04.12.)
19. J.F. Eshun, J. Potting, and R. Leemans Wood waste minimization in the timber sector of Ghana: a systems approach to reduce environmental impact J. Clean. Prod. 26 2012 67 78
20. European Commission Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste Off J Eur Commun. 182 1999 1 19
21. EC JRC International Reference Life Cycle Data System Handbook 2010 European Commission Joint Research Centre and the Institute for Environment and Sustainability available at: http://lct.jrc.ec.europa.eu/assessment/publications
22. FAO FAOSTAT - FAO's Online Statistical Database 2012 available at: http://faostat.fao.org/ (accessed 20.07.12.)
23. P. Fearnside, D. Lashof, and P. Moura-Costa Accounting for time in mitigating global warming through land-use change and forestry Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Glob. Change 2000 239 270
24. F. Freire, and P. Marques Electric vehicles in Portugal: An integrated energy, greenhouse gas and cost life-cycle analysis Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST) 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology 2012 1 6
25. R. Frischknecht, H. Althaus, C. Bauer, G. Doka, T. Heck, N. Jungbluth, D. Kellenberger, and T. Nemecek The environmental relevance of capital goods in life cycle assessments of products and services Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 12 2007 7 17
26. R. Garcia Avaliação comparativa de instrumentos de ciclo de vida aplicados a dois sistemas com biomassa: painéis e electricidade (Dissertation) 2010 University of Coimbra
27. R. Garcia, and F. Freire Modelação Energética e Ambiental do Ciclo de Vida de Painéis Aglomerados de Partículas Construlink 28 2011 22 33
28. N. Garrido, J. Martins, J. Pereira, L. Carvalho, J. Mendes, and C. Costa Effect of recycled wood and alternative species on particleboard machining A. Teischinger, M.C. Barbu, M. Dunky, D. Harper, G. Jungmeier, H. Militz, M. Musso, A. Petutschnigg, A. Pizzi, S. Wieland, T.M. Young, Processing Technologies for the Forest and Bio-based Products Industries 2010 201 204
29. S. González-García, G. Feijoo, C. Heathcote, A. Kandelbauer, and M.T. Moreira Environmental assessment of green hardboard production coupled with a laccase activated system J. Clean. Prod. 19 2011 445 453
30. S. González-García, A. Hospido, M.T. Moreira, J. Romero, and G. Feijoo Environmental impact assessment of total chlorine free pulp from Eucalyptus globulus in Spain J. Clean. Prod. 17 2009 1010 1016
31. S. González-García, G. Feijoo, P. Widsten, A. Kandelbauer, E. Zikulnig-Rusch, and M.T. Moreira Environmental performance assessment of hardboard manufacture Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 14 2009 456 466
32. J.B. Guinée, M. Gorree, R. Heijungs, G. Huppes, R. Kleijn, A. de Koning, L. van Oers, A.W. Sleeswijk, S. Suh, H.A.U. de Haes, H. Bruijn, R. van Duin, and M.A.J. Huijbregts Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, the Netherlands
33. J.B. Guinée, R. Heijungs, and E. Voet A greenhouse gas indicator for bioenergy: some theoretical issues with practical implications Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 14 2009 328 339
34. R. Hischier, B. Weidema, H.-J. Althaus, C. Bauer, G. Doka, R. Dones, R. Frischknecht, S. Hellweg, S. Humbert, N. Jungbluth, T. Köllner, Y. Loerincik, M. Margni, and T. Nemecek Implementation of Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods Final report ecoinvent v2.2 No. 3 2010 Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories Dübendorf, CH
35. ICNF Inventário Florestal Nacional 2013 Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas available at: http://www.icnf.pt/portal/florestas/ifn/
36. IEC General Programme Instructions for Environmental Product Declarations 2008 available at: http://www.environdec.com/en/The-EPD-system/Programme- Instructions/ (accessed 20.04.12.)
37. IEC Suppportin Annexes for an International EPD®system for Environmental Product Declarations 2008 available at: http://www.environdec.com/ en/The-EPD-system/Programme-Instructions/ (accessed 20.04.12.)
38. INE Estatísticas da Produção Industrial 2009 2010 Instituto Nacional de Estatística IP Lisboa
39. ISO ISO 14020: Environmental Labels and Declarations - General Principles 2000 International Organization for Standardization Geneve
40. ISO ISO 14040: Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework 2006 International Organization for Standardization Geneve
41. ISO ISO 14044: Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Requirements and Guidelines 2006 International Organization for Standardization Geneve
42. ISO ISO 14025: Environmental Labels and Declarations - Environmental Labeling Type III - Principles and Procedures 2006 International Organization for Standardization Geneve
43. ISO/TS ISO/TS 14067: Greenhouse Gases - Carbon Footprint of Products - Requirements and Guidelines for Quantification and Communication (Technical Specifications) 2013 International Organization for Standardization Geneve
44. W.W. Ingwersen, and M.J. Stevenson Can we compare the environmental performance of this product to that one? an update on the development of product category rules and future challenges toward alignment J. Clean. Prod. 24 2012 102 108
45. M. Irle, and M.C. Barbu Wood-based panel Technology H. Thoemen, M. Irle, M. Sernek, Wood-based Panels: An Introduction for Specialists 2010 Brunel University Press London 1 90
46. JEMAI CFP Communication Program. Basic Instructions 2012 available at: http://www.cfp-japan.jp/english/rules/index.html
47. G. Jungmeier, F. Werner, and A.C. Jarnehammar Allocation in LCA of wood-based products, experiences of cost action E9, Part I. Methodology Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 7 5 2002 290 294
48. G. Jungmeier, F. Werner, A.C. Jarnehammar, C. Hohenthal, and K. Richter Allocation in LCA of wood-based products, experiences of cost action E9, Part II. Examples Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 7 6 2002 369 375
49. A. Kendall Time-adjusted global warming potentials for LCA and carbon footprints Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 17 8 2012 1042 1049
50. A. Levasseur, P. Lesage, M. Margni, L. Deschênes, and R. Samson Considering time in LCA: dynamic LCA and its application to global warming impact assessments Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 2010 3169 3174
51. A. Levasseur, P. Lesage, M. Margni, and R. Samson Biogenic carbon and temporary storage addressed with dynamic life cycle assessment J. Ind. Ecol. 17 1 2012 117 128
52. E. Lopes, A. Dias, L. Arroja, I. Capela, and F. Pereira Application of life cycle assessment to the Portuguese pulp and paper industry J. Clean. Prod. 11 1 2003 51 59
53. J. Malça, and F. Freire Renewability and life-cycle energy efficiency of bioethanol and bio-ethyl tertiary butyl ether (bioETBE): assessing the implications of allocation Energy 31 2006 3362 3380
54. J. Malça, and F. Freire Life-cycle studies of biodiesel in Europe: a review addressing the variability of results and modeling issues Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15 2011 338 351
55. H. Merrild, and T.H. Christensen Recycling of wood for particle board production: accounting of greenhouse gases and global warming contributions Waste Manag. Res. 27 8 2009 781 788
56. J. Micales, and K.E. Skog The decomposition of forest products in landfills Int Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 39 1997 145 158
57. M. Milota, C. West, and I. Hartley Gate-to-gate life-cycle inventory of softwood lumber production Wood Fiber Sci. 37 2006 47 57
58. 2 avoided emissions and sequestration-description and applications in forestry Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Glob. Change 5 2000 51 60
59. R. Müller-Wenk, and M. Brandão Climatic impact of land use in LCA - carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and air Int J. Life Cycle Assess. 15 2 2010 172 182
60. B. Nebel, B. Zimmer, and Z. Wegener Life cycle assessment of wood floor coverings. A representative study for the German flooring Industry Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 11 3 2006 172 182
61. J. Nunes Avaliação Integrada da produção de electricidade com base em biomassa lenho-celulósica em Portugal: emissões de GEE, análise tecnológica e energética de ciclo de vida (Dissertation) 2008 University of Coimbra
62. J. Nunes, and F. Freire Tecnologias avançadas para a produção de electricidade com base em biomassa lenho- celulósica J. Eng. Quím. 6 2007 34 41
63. B. Rivela, A. Hospido, M.T. Moreira, and G. Feijoo Life cycle inventory of particleboard: a case study in the wood sector Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 11 2006 106 113
64. B. Rivela, M.T. Moreira, and G. Feijoo Life cycle inventory of medium density fibreboard Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 12 2007 143 150
65. A.M. Saravia-Cortez, M. Herva, C. García-Diéguez, and E. Roca Assessing environmental sustainability of particleboard production process by ecological footprint J. Clean. Prod. 52 2013 301 308
66. T.D. Searchinger, S.P. Hamburg, J. Melillo, W. Chameides, P. Havlik, D.M. Kammen, G.E. Likens, R.N. Lubowski, M. Obersteiner, M. Oppenheimer, G.P. Robertson, W.H. Schlesinger, and G.D. Tilman Fixing a critical climate accounting error Science 326 5952 2009 527 528
67. D. Silva, F. Lahr, R. Garcia, F. Freire, and A. Ometto Life cycle assessment of medium density particleboard (MDP) produced in Brazil Int J Life Cycle Assess. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0583-3
68. V. Subramanian, W. Ingwersen, C. Hensler, and H. Collie Comparing product category rules from different programs: learned outcomes towards global alignment Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 17 2012 892 903
69. X. Wang, J.M. Padgett, F.B. De la Cruz, and M.A. Barlaz Wood biodegradation in laboratory-scale landfills Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 16 2011 6864 6871
70. F. Werner, H.-J. Althaus, K. Richter, and R.W. Scholz Post-consumer waste wood in attributive product LCA; context-specific evaluation of allocation procedures in a functionalistic conception of LCA Int J. Life Cycle Assess. 12 3 2007 160 172
71. F. Werner, and K. Richter Wooden building products in comparative LCA Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 12 2007 470 479
72. C. Whittaker, M.C. McManus, and G.P. Hammond Greenhouse gas reporting for biofuels: a comparison between the RED, RTFO and PAS 2050 methodologies Energy Policy 39 2011 5950 5960
73. J.B. Wilson Life-cycle inventory of particleboard in terms of resources, emissions, energy and carbon Wood Fiber Sci. 42 2010 90 106
74. J.B. Wilson Life-cycle inventory of medium density fiberboard in terms of resources, emissions, energy and carbon Wood Fiber Sci. 42 2010 107 124
75. J.B. Wilson Life-cycle inventory of formaldehyde-based resins used in wood composites in terms of resources, emissions, energy and carbon Wood Fiber Sci. 42 2010 125 143
76. WRI, and WBCSD Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard 2011 World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development available at: http://www.ghgprotocol.org/