Introducing variable-step topography (VST) coordinates within dynamically constrained nonhydrostatic modeling system (NMS). Part 2: VST performance on orthodox obstacle flows

Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans

Volumn 66, Issue , 2014, Pages 10-27

  Tripoli, Gregory J ^a   Smith, Eric A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b Center for Research on the Changing Earth System (CRCES)   (United States)

Author keywords

Mountain wave breaking; Nonhydrostatic cloud mesoscale model; Obstacle flows; Surface coordinate system; Variable step topography (VST)

Indexed keywords

MOUNTAIN WAVE; NON-HYDROSTATIC; OBSTACLE FLOWS; SURFACE COORDINATES; VARIABLE-STEP TOPOGRAPHY (VST);

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; ERRORS; OCEANOGRAPHY; TOPOGRAPHY;

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ERROR ANALYSIS; FLUID DYNAMICS; TERRAIN; TOPOGRAPHY; WAVE BREAKING;

EID: 84893656126     PISSN: 03770265     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2014.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. The Airflow over Mountains. WMO Tech. Note 34 1960, 135 pp. M.A. Alaka (Ed.).
2. Arakawa A., Lamb V.R. Computational design of the basic dynamical process of the UCLA general circulation model. Methods Comput. Phys. 1977, 17:173L 265.
3. Chen C. A nested grid, nonhydrostatic, elastic model, using a terrain-following coordinate transformation: the radiative nesting boundary conditions. Mon. Weather Rev. 1991, 119:2852L 2869.
4. Clark T.L., Peltier W.R. On the evolution and stability of finite amplitude mountain waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 1977, 34:1715L 1730.
5. Clark T.L., Farley R.D. Severe downslope windstorm calculations in two and three spatial dimensions using anelastic interactive grid nesting: a possible mechanism for gustiness. J. Atmos. Sci. 1984, 41:329L 350.
6. Clark T.L., Peltier W.R. Critical level reflection and resonant growth of nonlinear mountain waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 1984, 41:3122L 3144.
7. Doyle J.D., Durran D.R., Chen C., Colle B.A., Georgelin M., Grubisic V., Hsu W.R., Huang C.Y., Landau D., Lin Y.L., Poulos G.S., Sun W.Y., Weber D.B., Wurtele M.G., Xue M. An intercomparison of model-predicted wave breaking for the 11 January 1972 Boulder windstorm. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000, 128:901L 914.
8. Doyle J.D., Gaberšek S., Jiang Q., Bernardet L., Brown J.M., Dörnbrack A., Filaus E., Grubišić V., Kirshbaum D.J., Knoth O., Koch S., Schmidli J., Stiperski I., Vosper S., Zhong S. An intercomparison of T-REX mountain-wave simulations and implications for mesoscale predictability. Mon. Weather Rev. 2011, 139:2811L 2831.
9. Durran D.A., Klemp J.B. A compressible model for the simulation of moist mountain waves. Mon. Weather Rev. 1983, 111:2341L 2361.
10. Durran D.A. Another look at downslope windstorms. Part I: The development of analogs to supercritical flow in an infinitely deep, continuously stratified fluid. J. Atmos. Sci. 1986, 43:2527-2543.
11. Epifanio C.C., Qian T. Wave-turbulence interactions in a breaking mountain wave. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008, 65:3139L 3158.
12. Gallus W.A., Klemp J.B. Behavior of flow over step orography. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000, 128:1153L 1164.
13. Hack J., Schubert W.H. Lateral boundary conditions for tropical models. Mon. Weather Rev. 1981, 109:1404L 1420.
14. Hsu W.-R., Tai J.-H. Method of solving moist thermodynamic equations in NTU-Purdue non-hydrostatic model and tests on 2D moist mountain waves. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 1999, 10:305-320.
15. Huang C.-Y. A forward-in-time anelastic nonhydrostatic model in a terrain-following coordinate. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000, 128:2108L 2134.
16. Klemp J.B., Lilly D.K. The dynamics of wave-induced downslope winds. J. Atmos. Sci. 1975, 32:320L 339.
17. Klemp J.B., Lilly D.K. Numerical simulation of hydrostatic mountain waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 1978, 35:78L 107.
18. Klemp J.B., Wilhelmson R.B. The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci. 1978, 35:1070L 1096.
19. Klemp J.B., Durran D.R. An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models. Mon. Weather Rev. 1983, 111:430L 444.
20. Lafore J.P., Stein J., Asencio N., Bougeault P., Ducrocq V., Duron J., Fischer C., Héreil P., Mascart P., Masson V., Pinty J.P., Redelsperger J.L., Richard E., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J. The meso-NH atmospheric simulation system. Part I: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Ann. Geophys. 1998, 16:90-109.
21. Landau D.M., Ehernberger L.J., Wurtele M.J., Turco R.M. Linking mountain wave rotor development to terrain geometry and vegetative roughness. Preprints, Seventh Conf. on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology 1997, 218-223. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, MA.
22. Lilly D.K. On the theory of disturbances in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. Mon. Weather Rev. 1960, 88:1L 17.
23. Lilly D.K., Zipser E.J. The front range windstorm of January 11 1972. Weatherwise 1972, 25:56L 63.
24. Lilly D.K. A severe downslope windstorm and aircraft turbulence event induced by a mountain wave. J. Atmos. Sci. 1978, 35:59L 77.
25. Long R.R. Some aspects of the flow of stratified fluids. I: A theoretical investigation. Tellus 1953, 5:42L 58.
26. Mesinger F., Janjic Z.I., Nickovic S., Gavrilov D., Deaven D.G. The step-mountain coordinate: model description and performance for cases of alpine lee cyclogenesis and for a case of an Appalachian redevelopment. Mon. Weather Rev. 1988, 116:1493L 1518.
27. Orlanski I. A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows. J. Comput. Phys. 1974, 21:251L 269.
28. Peltier W.R., Clark T.L. The evolution and stability of finite-amplitude mountain waves. Part II: Surface wave drag and severe downslope windstorms. J. Atmos. Sci. 1979, 36:1498-1529.
29. Peltier W.R., Clark T.L. Nonlinear mountain waves in two and three spatial dimensions. Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc. 1983, 109:527-548.
30. Smith R.B. The influence of mountains on the atmosphere. Adv. Geophys. 1979, 21:87L 230.
31. Smolarkiewicz P.K., Margolin L.G. On forward-in-time differencing for fluids: an Eulerian/semi-Lagrangian non-hydrostatic model for stratified flows. Atmos. Ocean 1997, 35:127L 152.
32. Sun W.-Y., Chern J.-D. Numerical experiments of vortices in the wakes of large idealized mountains. J. Atmos. Sci. 1994, 51:191L 209.
33. Tripoli G.J., Cotton W.R. The Colorado State University three-dimensional cloud/mesoscale model - 1982. Part I: General theoretical framework and sensitivity experiments. J. Rech. Atmos. 1982, 16:185-220.
34. Tripoli G.J. A nonhydrostatic mesoscale model designed to simulate scale interaction. Mon. Weather Rev. 1992, 120:1342L 1359.
35. Tritton D.J. Physical Fluid Dynamics 1988, Oxford Univ. Press, 536 pp. 2nd ed.